ʻO ka hōʻole hōʻoleʻana i kaʻaiʻana, he pilikia nui ia, hiki ke weheweheʻia e ka hopena o nāʻano likeʻole o kekahi holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā kumu kumu o kēia hanana he pono ia i ka manawa pōkole loa, iʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i ke kūlana aʻaʻole e nalo i ka piʻi.
Eʻike i nā mea a nā bipi eʻai ai, a me nā kumu i lilo ai he kumu no ka hōʻemiʻana i kaʻai a iʻole kona nele maoli.
Nā huahana:
- ʻO ka hānaiʻai
- Pākahi
- ʻO Greens
- ʻOhana
- Kūpaʻa
- Nā holoholona
- ʻAʻoheʻai maikaʻi ka bipi aʻaʻole paha iʻai
- Nā maʻi kūpona i ka mīkini
- Nā kūlana palekanaʻole
- ʻO ka hoʻololiʻai kaiʻai
- ʻO kaʻaiʻana a iʻole ka lāʻau make
- ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe i ka'ōpū o ka bipi
- Ka Hale Palani, prenatal paresis
- Nā ilo
- Ketosis
- ʻO Tympania o kahi maʻi
- Atonia rumena
- Mastitis
He aha nā mea a nā pipi eʻai ai
ʻO ka meaʻai nui a nā bipi i ke kauwela, he mauʻu ia, kahi a lākou eʻai ai i nā lā a pau. Eia naʻe, no lākouʻaʻole kēia wale nō ke kumu o ka ike.
ʻO ka hānaiʻai
ʻO kaʻai meaʻai ma keʻano likeʻole a iʻole kekahi mea'ē aʻe i ka makahiki a pau, no laila, i ka neleʻana o nā meaʻono a me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo paha, hiki ke pani mauʻia lākou e nā mea koʻikoʻi.
Pākahi
I kaʻaiʻana o nā bipi, ua hōʻikeʻia kēia hui o nā meaʻai ma ka hay a me ka mauʻu. ʻO nā huahanaʻelua he mau mea maikaʻi loa ia a he hou, kahi e hoʻolako ai i nā holoholona me ka lawa o ka fiber, protein a me nā huaora.
ʻO kaʻai kūpono o ka mea hihiu e pili pono i ka manawa o kaʻohiʻana,ʻo ia nā lālā o nā mea kanu a me nāʻano mea e mālama ai i nā mea maloʻo maloʻo.
He mea nui! I ka wa e ohi ai i ka mauu no na bipi, e pale i na laau make. ʻO kēia mau mea:ʻo ka pīpaka, ka pī-'āne, gorchak, henbane.
ʻO ka mea nui loa no nā bipi ka mea i loaʻa mai ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā mea kanu:
- nā mea kanu (ka ulu lāʻau, ka mīmū mau, ka leʻa, ka moena moe i ka nahelehele, ka mea kanu'āpana);
- legumes (alfalfa, clover, espartit);
- ka palaoa a me ka palaoa.
ʻO Greens
ʻO kēia pūʻulu ka nui o nāʻano ulu ulu ulu a me nā mea kanu ulu nui i kūpono no ka hānaiʻana i nā bipi. Hoʻohanohanoʻia lākou a pau e ke kumukūʻai waiwai nui a he mau pale protein kiʻekiʻe, amino acids, mineral and vitamins.
He mea pono nō hoʻi iāʻoe e aʻo e pili ana i nā meaʻai o nā bipi maloʻo, pehea a me ka mea e hānai ai i ka bipi i ka hoʻoilo, he aha nā mea hānai hānai e pono ai no nā pipi, a pēlā pū, no ia mau bipi i hāʻawiʻia i ka pulp pipi a me ka paʻakai.
ʻO ka mea nui loa no nā kau bipi e like me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo:
- ka piʻo;
- alfalfa;
- Vika;
- peas;
- oka;
- barley
Inā i ke kauwela kahi nui o nā mea i luna nei no nā bipi, i ka hoʻoilo,ʻo ka hāʻawiʻana i ka meaʻai e kaupalenaʻia -ʻoiaʻiʻo, ināʻaʻoleʻoe e komo i kāna mahiʻai kūikawā i kahi wai wai.
No kēia mau kumu, maikaʻi loa nāʻano pono'ī o ka palaoa, ka bale, ka pī a me kekahi mau meaʻai'ē aʻe, e hiki ai ke loaʻa mai ka 1 kg o nā hua maloʻo a hiki i ka 6-12 kg o nā kī.
ʻOhana
ʻO nā hānai maʻamau nā huahana o ke kumu ulu me kahi wai piha o ka wai. ʻAiʻia nā'ōmole, silage, nā hua hou a me nā melon a me nā hue e hānai i nā bipi.
No kēia mau hānaiʻana i kaʻai o ka pipi ke hiki mai nei:
- nā pipi;
- kāloti;
- paukena;
- potatoes;
- nā meaʻai;
- ka kānana a me ka sila mai (i ka hoʻoilo);
- ke kuhumuʻana o ka haylage mai kahi huiʻana o ka vetch, oats, clover, alfalfa.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Aia he 25,000 mau meaʻono ma ka lehelehe o ka bipi, a no ke kōkuaʻana iā lākou iho e'āpala i ka meaʻai, e hāʻawi i kēia mau holoholona i 150 liters o ka paona i kēlā lā i kēia lā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka mea hoʻopūpī i kaʻai,ʻo kaʻoi aku ka mea e pono ai.
ʻO nā huahana a pau nā waiwai nui a me nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻai eʻai ponoʻia e nā holoholona, e hoʻonāukiuki i ko lākou makemake. ʻO ka hemahema nui o nā hānai liʻiliʻi he palena manawa kāpiliʻana, no laila, ma mua o ka hāʻawiʻana he mea pono ia e nānā i kēlāʻai no ka heleʻana o ka pala a me nā hōʻailona'ē aʻe o ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka spoilage.
Kūpaʻa
ʻO ka hānaiʻana i nā meaʻai i nā mea palaoa a me nā huahana o ka palaoa a me ka hanaʻaila. ʻO nā meaʻai a pau he nui ka meaʻai waiwai nui a hiki i ka 16% o ka wai a me ka 15% o ke fiber, kahi i hoʻomoʻaʻia e ke kino ma ka laulā 70-90%.
ʻO ka nui o ke kumu waiwai o ka hānai hānaiʻia he 0.7-1.3 nāʻai hānai no 1 kg.
ʻO nā mea nui loa no nā bipi kāne e hui pū me nā mea ma lalo:
- ʻo ka palaoa iʻokiʻia - e pili ana i 50%
- lālā;
- ʻai;
- keke;
- kaʻaiʻai a me nā meaʻai likeʻole e like me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka hapalua o ka māhele i ka hānai i hoʻonohonohoʻia.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kumu waiwai o kēia mau mea i mua o nā mea i hala, no laila lākou e pono ai i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i kahi mālama hānai o nā bipi.
Nā holoholona
Ma waho aʻe o nā hua i heluʻia nei, pono e hoʻokomo i nā huahana o nā holoholona holoholona i loko o nā meaʻai o nā pipi. ʻAʻole hiki ke heluʻia heʻai piha, akā no ka hana o kahi mea hoʻokomo, ua kūpono i ka maikaʻi. No kaʻai kaulike, makemake nā bipi i:
- ka palaoa a me ka iwi;
- serum;
- ka hoʻomohala iʻa.
ʻO nā mea a pau,ʻo ia mau hōʻailona hāʻawi i ke kino o ka holoholona me ka lako o ke kinowai, nā minela a me nā huaora. ʻO ka mea nui e koiʻia ana e ka mea mahiʻai,ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ke komo i loko o kaʻai no nā bipi, me ka hanaʻole i ka hoʻomāinoino. ʻO kēia wale nō ke ala e mālama pono ai i ka waiwai kaumaha a me ka waiū.
ʻAʻoheʻai maikaʻi ka bipi aʻaʻole paha iʻai
He nui nā kumu e hōʻole ai ka bipi i ka meaʻai,ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea mahiʻaiʻike maʻalahi ke koho koke i ka mea. ʻO ka nele i kaʻai ma muli o ka hoʻololiʻoiʻana i ka meaʻai, a me nā pilikiaʻoi aʻe. Aia kekahi mau kumu kumu kūpono e pono e nānā ponoʻia.
Nā maʻi kūpona i ka mīkini
Hoʻopilikia i ka hana o ka holoholona i ka hopena o ka hana holoholona ma muli o ke kumu kūʻokoʻa i ka hoʻoihoʻana i ka makemake (e like me keʻano o keʻano o ke kinipona).
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia i ka hopena o nā mea e hoʻopilikiaʻia ai me ka hana kūponoʻole o ka mea mahiai pono'ī, e hoʻopuka ana i ka nui o nā meaʻai i loaʻa i nā bipi. Eia kekahi, he hopena o ka noho ana o ka hana maʻamau i mea maʻamau paha he mea ia o ka hoʻohana mauʻana i kaʻai kūponoʻole aiʻole ka hānaiʻoleʻana i nā holoholona. ʻO nā maʻi hōʻailona o kahi maʻi kūkino e pili i nā kumu he nui:
- ka nui o nā kino ketone i loko o ke koko;
- ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka glucose a me ka halaʻole o ke koko;
- ka hoʻoneʻe i ka hana maʻamau o nā'ōpū o loko.
Inā hikiʻole ke hōʻinoʻia ia mau hana i ka manawa, e loli koke ka holoholona i kahi helehelena maikaʻi (e hoʻomaopopo mauʻia ka dermatitis a me ka lilo o ka lauoho) a hoʻemi i ka hua waiū, e hoʻonui kokeʻia ka maʻi wela e ka constipation, e emi iho ka liʻalima o kaʻili, a mahuahua ke ake.
Nā kūlana palekanaʻole
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka hale hānai ka manawa nui o nā maʻi he nui, i nā maʻi o ka maʻi'ōpū.
E aʻo i ka hanaʻana i hale papa no kāu mau bipi pono'ī.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, me ka hōʻoleʻole o ke kino a iʻole kekahi hōʻeha o ka holoholona e hōʻole i kaʻaiʻana.
Eia kekahi,ʻo nā bipi wale nōʻaʻole lākou e makemake eʻai i ka mea'eleʻa a me ka hānaiʻana, no laila, he mea hou nā meaʻai a pau, a ma ka haleʻai pono e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka kauoha.
ʻO ka hoʻololiʻai kaiʻai
Hiki koke ke kino o ka bipi i ka meaʻai, hoʻololi a me nā hana a pau i loko. No laila, hiki i ka hoʻokomo kokeʻiaʻana o kekahi huahana hou hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i ka diarrhea lōʻihi, aʻo ia hoʻi ka hopena i keʻano o ka bipi wahine. Pono ka laulā o ka papa hana pipi me ka laumā, e mālamaʻia no 1-2 mau pule.
He mea nui! ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana i nā meaʻai e pā i ka hopena o ka waiū holoholona, no laila inā makemakeʻoe e loaʻa nā huaʻono wale nō, pono e kāpaeʻia nā mea kanuʻawaʻawa e like me ka lāʻau wormwood mai kaʻai.
ʻO kaʻaiʻana a iʻole ka lāʻau make
ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻoleʻana i kaʻai e hiki ke lilo i ka piʻi o ka bipi, i hanaʻia e kaʻaiʻana a iʻole ka lāʻau make. I ka hihia mua, he hele lōʻihi i ka ea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana i ka pōʻino o ka bipi, a ma ka pahuʻelua, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka normalize i ka'ōpū.
ʻO ka hoʻoneʻeʻana i nā pūpū me ke kinowalua ponoʻia ka hoʻopauʻana i ka waiʻona o ke kino, no ka mea, hoʻohanaʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
I mea e pale ai i kēlā mau pilikia, ma mua o ka hāʻawiʻana i ka meaʻai i nā holoholona, pono pono e hōʻoia i kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka nele o nā meaʻeleʻele a me nā hōʻailona'ē aʻe.
ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe i ka'ōpū o ka bipi
Pono nā mea mālama a me nā mea kuleana ma mua o ka mahiʻana i nā bipi e nānā i nā wahi āpau me ka weheʻole i ka hikiʻana o nā mea'ē. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kēia hihia,ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo aiʻaʻole e loaʻa i kahi holoholona kekahi nalu pale, kekahi'āpana aniani, a lele paha i kahi mauʻu.
ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea, komo i loko o ka'ōnaehana hoʻopunipuni, hiki ke maʻalahi i nā pēpena mucous, a ma muli o ka hopena o ka bipi i ka hoʻoulu, hoʻomaha i kaʻai a hoʻemi i ka hua waiū. Hiki keʻoki loaʻia ke komi, aiʻole nāwaliwali loa.
Ka Hale Palani, prenatal paresis
Ma ke kauʻana o ka manawa a me ka wā ma hope o ka manawa, pono ka bipi no ka mea nona ka hale. ʻO keʻano,ʻo keʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa, kaʻaiʻana a me kaʻai e pono i ke kiʻekiʻe loa, no ka mea, ua nui loa keʻano o kaʻonaʻana. Eia hou,ʻaʻole mākou e kāpae i ka hiki ke hoʻokomo i ka prenatal a me ka postpartum paresis. ʻO ka mea maʻamau,ʻikeʻia kēia maʻi i loko o nā bipi i ka manawa ma hope o ke kaniʻana, aʻaʻole i maopopo nā kumu o ka hopena. Ma nā maʻiʻeha, uaʻikeʻia ka maʻi lolo o nā lālā, ka laulā, nā larynx a me ka pihoihoi o ka hana maʻamau, a he mea ia e hōʻole ai i kaʻai.
Nā ilo
ʻO ka hopenaʻokoʻa ma ka pipi kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka pohō kaumaha, ke kaumaha, a me ka hōʻoleʻana i kaʻai. I kekahi mau mea, he mau kaola o nā holoholona (a iʻole paha,ʻo ka diarrhea), ai ka manawa e kaumaha ai keʻano, hāpai ka anemia.
I ka manawa pinepine, ua loli ka lau mucous, a hoʻomaka ka huluhulu e'ōlele a nalowale kona luma maʻamau.
He mea nui! Ināʻaʻole he hōʻailona waho o ke alo o nā ilo, akā, ua emi keʻano o ka waiū, a ua hoʻemiʻia ka nui - he kumu kēia e manaʻo ai i ka hana o nā pāpaʻi i loko o ke kino o ka wahine a lawe i nā mea kūpono (e kūkākūkā pū me kekahi kanaka lapaʻau).
Ketosis
ʻO kēia hua'ōlelo e pili ana i kahi maʻi o nā holoholona, iʻikeʻia e ka hoʻonuiʻia o nā kino ketone i loko o ko lākou koko, me ka hoʻokahuli likeʻana o ka momona a me ka momona. ʻO kahi o nā kumu kūpono no ka uluʻana o ka ketosis hiki ke lilo i mea paʻakikī paʻakikī, no laila keʻaiʻole nei ka bipi i kaʻino, akā, ke emi nei hoʻi ka hua o ka waiū. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka maʻi ma o kēlā mauʻike:
- ka hōʻole kokeʻana i kaʻai;
- ka emi o ka nui o ka waiū;
- keʻano o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻonāukiuki;
- ka hōʻole i ka wai aiʻole ka hōʻiliʻili nui;
- ʻaʻohe akua.
ʻO ka bipi wahine me ka ketosis, e lilo koke ana i ke kaumaha, nānā i nā mea palupalu a nāwaliwali. I kekahi manawa e uluhua nā holoholona a hoʻomahaʻole, a ma hope o ke kāpiliʻana a hōʻole lākou e hānai i ka bipi a laweʻia eʻai i nā mea hikiʻole. I ka wā ma hope o ka hoʻomauʻana i ke ketosis e alakaʻi i nā hopena hikiʻole ke hoʻololi i ke kino.
ʻO Tympania o kahi maʻi
Ua kapaʻia kaʻili Tympanic heʻano'ākau a iʻole ka hopena, e hōʻikeʻia ana e ka'āpana o kaʻaoʻao hema, ka puʻupuʻu o ka pōloli pōloli a me ka manaʻo nui o ka pipi.
ʻO ka rumeni Timpany e hiki ke loaʻa he maʻi kūʻokoʻa i hanaʻia e ka maʻiʻaiʻole, a iʻole e hanaʻia ma muli o nā kumu pilikino'ē aʻe: e like me keʻano o ka hoʻopiliʻiaʻana o ka esophagus a me ka pharynx.
Ma nāʻanoʻelua, ua hōʻole ka holoholona i kaʻai, ua lilo i mea hoʻomaha, pinepine i lalo, ai ka wā e piʻi ai, hiki iā ia ke paʻi i kona mau hooves ma ka'ōpū. I ka manawa like, ua mālamaʻia ka hanu wikiwiki a me nā papau, a piʻi nui ka helu o ka puʻuwai. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o nā keʻena liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka mana o nā kinoea i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o ia mau mea e alakaʻi aku ai i nā mea'ē aʻe a me ke kahe o ke koko, kahi e pono ai ka maʻi e koi koke aku i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Inā nānā pono nāʻenehana hoʻokolohua i nā mea o loko o kahi maʻi bipi, eʻikeʻia aia hoʻokahi wale nō gram e pili ana i 10 billion bacteria aʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau huaʻona liʻiliʻi -ʻoihana. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou he meaʻino wale nō i ka bipi, akā he mea maikaʻi nō hoʻi, no ka mea, mahalo ia iā lākou e hiki i ka holoholona keʻai i ka nui o ka hānai meaʻai.
Atonia rumena
ʻO kēiaʻano pilikino e pili ana i nā mea kūponoʻole, a me ka hoʻohaunaeleʻole o ka pancreas, i ho'ākākaʻia ma kēia mau mea nei:
- ʻaʻohe akua;
- pōʻino;
- ka hōʻalo piha i ka hānai a me ka wai.
Ua lohi koke ka kau a kaumaha a kaumaha, hanaʻia ka hana waiū. ʻO nā hana a pau e komo ai i loko e lohi, a ināʻaʻole i hoʻolakoʻia ka holoholona me ke kōkua manawa kūikawā, hiki iā ia ke make.
I mea e pale ai i ka uluʻana i kēia pilikia,ʻaʻole ponoʻoe e hōʻino i nā meaʻai e paʻakikī ana i ka'ōpala (mauʻu, mauʻu, mau maka), a me ka hānai hānai a meaʻaiʻole paha i ka bipi, inu wai wai.
Mastitis
ʻO ka mastitis kekahi hanaʻeha i hanaʻia i loko o ka'ō o ka bipi. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka maʻi o nāʻano holoholona, a hiki iā ia ke hōʻike ma muli o kaʻehaʻeha aiʻole i ka hopena o ka hoʻomau pinepineʻana i ka mālamaʻole i nā kūlohelohe (e like me ka wā o ka milikalī).
ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka mastitis:
- ke kūʻana o ke koko a me ka protein i ka waiū;
- ka uha hua;
- wela;
- ka nele o kaʻona, a hiki i ka hōʻole pihaʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka bipi i lilo i ka leʻaleʻa a me keʻano maikaʻiʻole,ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai, a hāʻawi i ka waiū liʻiliʻi loa. I kekahi mau mea (i ka manawa o ka maʻi e holo ana),ʻo ka hana'ehi e hoʻomāmā ai i ka bipi.
ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka mālamaʻana i ka mastitis e pili ana i konaʻano (cantrhal, serous, fibrous, hemorrhagic, subclinical and colimastitis). No laila, nui nā pilikia i loko o ke kino o kahi bipi kau i ka hōʻoleʻana i ka meaʻai. Inā ua lilo kēiaʻano i mea maʻamau a ua hele pū me ka hana i ke kūlana o ka olakino o ka holoholona, a laila,ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hana me ke kōkuaʻoleʻia e ka mea lapaʻau. A i ka hoʻomaka kokeʻana o ka hōʻailonaʻana,ʻo ka wikiwiki ka hualoaʻa.