ʻO ka male no kahi mauʻu liʻiliʻi me ka pua nani, uliuli, melemele a me nā pua pua. Pahu ka pōkole pale i nā aniani a pau loa i ka lewa. Eia kekahi, he lāʻau lapaʻau ka gentian i hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka lāʻau me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. E hana i kēlā mea ulu ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole i kāu māla ponoʻī he pono. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻāina he nui i kākau ʻia i ka Buke Red. Ua loaʻa kahi inoa ʻē no ko maleiki no kahi mea ʻawaʻawa loa. ʻO ka mea kanu ka ʻohana ʻohana. I loko o keʻano, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haneli he ʻekolu mau mea i kahele ʻia a puni ka honua. ʻAʻole ʻoe e hālāwai me ka mea male koe inā ʻaʻole ma Antartika a me ʻAmelika.
Hōʻike Botanical
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻAmelika i nā mea kanu peroli a me nā makahiki. Ua hānai ia e kahi lāʻau ākea kūpono a koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā kaʻina hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka hohonu o ka lepo. Hiki i ka pua ke hāpai i kahi pua a i ʻole mauʻu hoʻi. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe o nā pua he 5-15 cm wale nō, ʻoiai he mau mana ma kahi o ka 1.5 m kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā lāʻau paʻa, pōkole, kū'ē nā lau sessile. Hoʻomaʻamaina ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻaoʻao pepa. He paceolate a lākou paha ka pā oval me ke kolo palena paʻa a me ka hopena kuhikuhi.
Ma ka piko o ke kuʻi mai nā koi o nā lau, pua i nā pua a i ʻole ka inflorescences pua. Ma muli o nā ʻano ʻano, hiki paha iā lākou ke kinipōpō i ka wā mua a i ka hāʻule hāʻule mua paha. Ua like ka corolla o ka pua i kahi kakā a loaʻa nā kukuna elongated. Pili nā kihi o nā petals manawaleʻa i nā ʻaoʻao a hoʻoiho i ke ʻano o kahi hōkū elima symmetrical ʻelima. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā pua o ka hapanui o nā polikia i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole o ka polū, a he poni a ʻula, a ʻulaʻula paha.
Hoʻopuka ʻia ka hae e nā mea inikini, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hōʻiliʻili i ka hae, no ka mea he mea maikaʻi ka maikaʻi i ka meli. ʻO kahi hua kahi pahu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā hua liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻomaopopo i nā waiwai
ʻO ka rhizome puaʻa a me nā wana he nui nā alkaloid, glycosides a me nā meaola e like me nā meaola. Mahalo i kēia, ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ka mea kanu i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kanaka, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Pākuʻi decoction a me nā mākaukau he choleretic kiʻekiʻe, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, hōʻeuʻeu ka hopena.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenekia e hakakā i nā maʻi like:
- ua mai
- nahoa
- kuʻi;
- haehae;
- nā ninia
- pāhawewe;
- anemia
- fiva.
He mea nui ia e hōʻino i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke alakaʻi nei ka overdose i ka piʻi nui, excitability, dizziness.
Nā lāʻau kanu
I ka genus gentian kākau inoa i nā makahiki 359. Ma kahi o 90 o lākou e hoʻohana i ka moʻomeheu. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa o kēia ʻano inoa:
He ʻulaʻula a Pelika. Kahi lāʻau nui a hiki i 1,5 m ke kiʻekiʻe he koʻikoʻi kūlike. Kālele ʻia kona kumu e ka paʻu basal o nā lau oval nui. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka lau i ke koʻokoʻo. Kohi ʻia nā pua melemele nui i loko o ka kolu o ka ulu o ka lālā. Hōʻike ka pua i ka hapalua o ke kauwela. Kūpono i kēlā me kēia peʻa e pili ana he 25 mm lōʻihi o nā ʻōlima kuhikuhi. Hoʻopau wale ka pua nani a i nā lā 50.
Pulmonary Pelika (maʻamau). He kū kue kūpono ka nui o ka mea kanu i ka lōʻihi o 2550 cm.ʻO ka laulani a i ʻole nā lagana laina lae ʻole i ka lau a i ʻole a lōʻihi iki ma ka lōʻihi o ka pana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lau o ka lau he 3-7 cm.ʻO nā pua Axillary e kulu ʻia i luna pono o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka nimbus ʻōpiopio ʻo 1.500 cm ka lōʻihi o nā petals i kuhikuhi ʻia. Hoʻohukohu ʻia lākou i kahi waihoʻoluʻu uliuli hohonu, i luna o ka ʻili o ke kumu i loaʻa nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo aniani. Hoʻopau ia i ka Iulai-ʻAukake.
Daurian Keleman. Pahuʻu nā ʻōuli manuahi, pololei a i ʻole nā pua 2540 cm lōʻihi a ua uhi ʻia lākou i nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO nā pua ʻeleʻele uliuli nui e hōʻuluʻulu i loko o nā inflical inflical apical. Ua pua lākou ma Iulai a me ka pua a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake. Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mea kanu no ka ʻoki a hana ʻana i nā bouquets.
ʻŌpio ʻAmelika i ʻano pilala (cross-leaved). ʻO ka mea kanu ke kumu lāʻau ākea a kahi ʻōpio kū pololei a hiki i 50 cm lōʻihi.ʻō ke uhi ia me nā lau lōʻihi. ʻO nā pua liʻiliʻi i lau ʻia i loko o nā turquoise. Ma waho, lanakila nā ʻōpiopio-hina ma nā petals. Hōʻike ka pua i ka hapalua o ke kauwela.
Kelelika Kelemania. I kahi māla kū i luna a hiki i 80 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, aia nā lau moa i kiki me kahi kihi. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi he 6-9 cm. Ma nā laha o nā lau luna ma luna o nā kalaki he nui nā pua pua. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 5 cm. ʻO nā corolla i loko o kahi polū-violet a i nā petals ke keʻokeʻo, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o kahi kīʻaha pōkole. Kūpū nā ʻōpio mai ka hopena o ʻAukake.
ʻŌlohelohe-nui. Kūkulu ʻia ka mea kanu i ka lāʻau kūleʻa a nānā ʻole i nā kukuna he 40-70 cm lōʻihi.ʻO nā lau e hōʻuluʻulu i ke kumu a me nā limahana lehulehu. Hiki i nā papa lau oval i ka 20-40 cm ka lōʻihi a 18km cm ka laulā. Kohi ʻia nā pua i loko o nā lau me nā lau apical. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā bele ʻulaʻula - he 1,5-2 cm. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā kihi o nā petals. Hoʻopau ia i ka Iulai-ʻAukake.
Pelekane ʻōlohelohe (Koch). ʻO kahi ʻano alpine miniature me ke kiʻekiʻe oʻoi aku ma mua o 10 cm e hoihoi maikaʻi. ʻO nā lau ʻula o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpiopio i ʻohi ʻia i loko o nā rosal basal. ʻO nā pua tubular nui o ka ʻulaʻula, a uliuli a ʻulaʻula paha e pua i luna o lākou mai ka hopena o ka pūnāwai. ʻUala nui ka pua. Hoʻomaka ia i ka hoʻomaka o Mei a hiki i ka 1,5 mau mahina.
ʻEhiku ʻāpana he ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Hoʻoulu ʻia kēia ʻano uluola me ka pālahalaha ākea a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 30 cm. ʻO nā pua me nā petals uala ʻōuli e pua aʻe ma luna o nā pua palupalu. ʻO ke anawaena o ka bona he 5-7 cm.ʻehā ia ma waena o Iune.
Nā ʻōnaʻi
Hiki ke hāpai i ka hoʻohālikelike Kelemania e nā hua a me nā ʻano lāʻau. Noho maikaʻi nā hua no 6-12 mau mahina. Ma mua o ka lele ʻana, pono ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana ke anu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kiki i kahi wahi maikaʻi me ka mahana o ka ea ma mua o + 7 ° C. No nā ʻano aloha, hiki i hoʻokahi mahina, pono nā ʻano alpine i stratification no 2-3 mau mahina. I ka manawa o kēia manawa, pono nā hua kanu i ka lepo lepo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lulu iā lākou i ka hāʻule i ka pā ākea, akā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kanu i ka lepo, akā kāpae wale iā lākou. Ma hope o ka stratification, ua lulu ʻia nā hua i ka lepo lepo a mālama i ke ʻano o + 20 ° C. Hōʻike nā pana i nā lā 15-20.
I ka wā hānau mua, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōpala nui i nā ʻāpana he nui. Pono e hoʻokō pono ʻia ke kaʻina hana, me ka mea ʻole e kaohi ʻole ka hoʻololi. He mea nui e mālama i kahi lumi earthen. E hoʻohuli pono ʻia nā mea kanu hou i kahi wahi hou. Ma hope o ke hoʻololi ʻana, pono e hoʻohomo nui i nā hua.
Hāʻawi kekahi mau ʻano ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe iā lākou iho e ʻoki. I ka pūnāwai, pono ia e ʻoki i ka puʻu o luna o ke kumu a i ʻole kaʻina hana lateral me 1-2 internode. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huki ʻana i ka wai a i ka ʻāina lepo one. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana ke piʻi aku i hoʻokahi mahina. I loko o kēia manawa, pono e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kumu me ke akahele. Pēlā ka hue ʻana o ka umu, ua uhi ʻia me ka pahu aniani a i ʻole nā ʻeke. He mea nui e hōʻiliʻili i ka mea kanu i kēlā me kēia lā. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā aʻa, waiho ʻia nā hua kanu i kahi paʻa mau ma ka māla.
Nā kānāwai mālama
He lāʻau lāʻau paʻakikī ka Gentian ma ke ʻano. Auwe, i ka moʻomeheu ʻoi aku ke kala. Hoʻopili ka genus i nā ʻano me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, a no laila makemake lākou i ka mālama like.
Mālamalama Makemake nā poʻe Pelekania i nā māla lā ma lalo o ka lā ākea (ʻehiku, daurian, cruciform, ʻoniʻoni) a i loko o kahi aniani liʻiliʻi (crotch). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pale hohonu no nā mea kanu a pau.
Kūleʻa Hoʻohui ʻia nā lāʻau i mau leheleʻe wela a me nā hau hau hau, no laila ʻaʻole pono lākou i nā wahi hou. Kūlike lākou i ka hau a me ke kauwela wela.
O ka lepo. Makemake nui ka poʻe Kelemania i nā kukui, a me ka lepo i hoʻomoʻawalu ʻia me ka momona momona. No kēlā, kūpono nā pāpū lole a i ʻole a me nā loamy me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi. E koho ʻia ka hoʻohuihui ʻana. Pono ka melemone a me ka stemless me ka molestone hou. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ke ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka wai o ka wai.
Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai. Pono nā mea kanu i ka kanu pinepine ʻana. I ka manawa o ka maloʻo, pono ka irrigation i kēlā me kēia lā i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka wai.
Kuilima. Mai Mei a ʻAukake, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka ʻaha kanaka e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kēlā me kēia me ka hapalua hapa o nā minima minuke. E hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻohui no nā mea kanu pua. Inā nui ka lepo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana.
Kelelika i ka māla
He maikaʻi ka male maikaʻi ma nā wahi papa a ma nā kāhea. No laila ʻike ʻo ia i ka kūlohelohe. He mea hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā pae ʻāina, a laila e uhi ka ʻūa paʻa i ka palena i ʻae ʻia. E ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i nā lepe sape, kahi mea i ʻike nui ʻia i loko o ke ʻano.
Ma ka mākeke pua, ua hoʻohana nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe i nā kikowaena kūlike, a me nā ʻano lāʻau ulu liʻiliʻi i ka mua. I loko o ke kaiāulu me lākou e kau i nā pua pua a i ʻole nā mea kanu e ulu nui ʻole. Hiki iā ia ke sage, sedge, nā kīkē. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka male ma mua o ka mau coniferous a deciduous pua. He kūpono ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua ʻai cereal wa-lahui.
