ʻO nā lau ʻōpala pua pua nani kekahi o nā mea hoʻonaninani maikaʻi o ko mākou puna. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia ka mea ke kau nei i ka hoʻokumu no ka ʻohi e hiki mai ana o nā hua apopo.
Pehea a i ka wā e ulu ai nā hua lāʻau
Hoʻopou nui nā lāʻau lāʻau a maʻamau i nā wahi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka lā. Ma kahi pohō pōpō, ʻaʻole paha e ulu ka pua, a i ʻole nā pua mua a kokoke i 20 mau makahiki o ke ola o ka lāʻau.
Hoʻopukela wale nā kumulāʻau lāʻau i nā wahi i mālamalama maikaʻi ʻia e ka lā
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua a me ka hua o nā lāʻau āpu i nā kūlana maikaʻi (papaʻaina)
| ʻAno lāʻau | ʻO ka makahiki maʻamau i ka manawa o ka hiʻohiʻona o nā pua mua |
| Hoʻolāʻau ʻōpala a me nā hua o nā mea kanu | 10-15 mau makahiki |
| Mau kumupaʻa ikaika | 5-12 mau makahiki |
| Nā kumuwaiwai e kanu ʻia ma kahi kumu pālua dwarf | 3-6 mau makahiki |
Mālama nā lāʻau o Apple a i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa e hiki ke pua a hānai i nā hua a hiki i 100 makahiki a keu paha.
Hoʻopau ka lāʻau ʻōpala i ka manawa like me nā lau e wehe a mai iki ma hope hoʻi. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu ʻana i ka pua i ka pua, ua maʻamau e pili ana i ʻelua pule ma ka manawa wela a hiki i ʻekolu a i ʻehā mau wiki i ke anuanu.
ʻO ka manawa o ka pua a me ka pua pua i nā kumulāʻau o nā ʻano kanu (papaʻaina)
| Wāhi | Budding | Ka puaʻa |
| ʻO ke kahakai o ka Pei Taula o ka Caucasus, Crimea, ma Ukraine hema | ka hopena o Malaki - ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila | lua - ke kolu o ʻApelila |
| Saratov, Volgograd, ke kikowaena o Ukraine | lua - ke kolu o ʻApelila | ka hopena o ʻApelila - hoʻomaka o Mei |
| Hema a me komohana o Rūia waena (Russia, Tula, Oryol, Bryansk), Chernozemye, Belarus, ʻĀpana maū | hapalua hapalua o ʻApelila | mua - kekahi keke o Mei |
| Ma waena o ke kikowaena waena o Rūsia (Moscow, Moscow wahi, Nizhny Novgorod), Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Ufa, Orenburg | ka hopena o ʻApelila - hoʻomaka o Mei | lua - kolu oʻmekahi o Mei |
| Komohana-o Russia (St. Petersburg, Leningrad Region, Karelia), Kirov Keʻāina, Middle Urals (Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk), Novosibirsk | hapa mua o laila | ka hopena o Mei - ka hoʻomaka o Iune |
ʻO ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua e hilinaʻi nui i nā kūlana kūloko.
- i ke kaona, ua hoʻomāhuahua nā hua pua ma mua ma waho o nā palena o ke kūlanakauhale;
- ma ka pāpū ma mua o nā kiʻekiʻe i nā mauna;
- ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ma mua ma ke kūkulu ʻākau;
- ma kahi mālamalama i ka wā pōkole ma mua o ka shading.
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau o ka pua o ka hua lāʻau ma kahi o 10 mau lā. ^ E Ha yM. I ka ua wela o ka lā, hoʻomaka ka pua a hiki i ka 5-6 mau lā. I ke anu anuanu, ua lohi ka pua a hiki i ka 2-3 no nā wiki.
ʻO nā kumulāʻau ʻuala liʻiliʻi-ʻuala (ranetki, Kina), pili me ka hua lāʻau kālele Siberian Siberian (Siberian), ulu pinepine i kahi mau lā ma mua o nā ʻano ʻēheu nui ʻEulopa.
ʻO ka lāʻau lāʻau Siberian a me kāna mau huahele (rane, Kina) e maʻalahi e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona lōʻihi pedicels
Loaʻa iā mākou ma ka Middle Volga ka pua pua ʻana:
- ʻO ka makahiki mua o Mei - nā manu liʻiliʻi (manu a i ʻole semi-wild, me nā wāwae lōʻihi, nā hua puaʻa Siberian) mau hua lāʻau ma nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale.
- ʻO ka lua o ka makahiki o Mei - nā kumulāʻau ʻĀpana maʻamau ma ke kūlanakauhale, runetki a me nā lāʻau Kina i loko o nā māla o nā ʻāina, nā kumulāʻau ʻolima puaʻa ma ke kahe o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao o ka pihi kiʻekiʻe o Volga.
- ʻO ka kolu o ka makahiki o Mei - ka nui o nā hua lāʻau i kanu ʻia i nā māla ʻāina, nā kumulāʻau ʻalā ma nā kihi o nā ululāʻau, nā hua liʻiliʻi ma ka pā manawaleʻa o nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale.
ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi pua lāʻau nui
- ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hua apopo he mau pua nani a me nā pua pinkish-keʻokeʻo
- He mau pua keʻokeʻo kekahi mau ʻano kumulāʻau ʻalemona
- ʻO nā wahine Kina, nā ranea a me Siberia nā pua keʻokeʻo ma nā wāwae lōʻihi loa
- Loaʻa pinepine nā ʻano hua ʻomaʻomaʻo ʻōpiopio me nā pua pua a ʻulaʻula.
- ʻO ka lāʻau meli o Nedzvetsky - ke kūpuna o nā hapa nui me nā pua ʻulaʻula a me kaʻulaʻula
- Kēia loa loaʻa nā ʻano hiʻona o nā kumulāʻau pua me nā pua ʻelua
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumulāʻau ʻulaʻula he mau pua nani a me nā pua keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula (paler ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā petal a me nā kukui ma waho o ka waho). Aia nāʻokoʻa e nā pua keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Nui nā pālani, nā Kina a me Siberia e kā lāua mau hiʻohiʻona lōʻihi; ʻO ka pua pua kākāola papa he 5 nā petals; nā ʻano hoʻolālā me nā pua ʻelua i loaʻa ʻole i ko mākou mau ʻāina, ʻoiai lākou i laulaha loa ma Kina.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ka mea hoʻonani ʻano ʻano o nā kumulāʻau melemele me nā pua ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā pua ʻulaʻula, i puka mai mai loko mai o ka lālā hua waena o ka ʻApika ʻAmelika o Nedzvetsky. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou he mau ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole wale nō nā pua, akā he lau ʻōpio nō hoʻi. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano ʻāpana o kēia ʻano he ʻano hoʻoilo nui a hiki ke ulu maʻamau ma Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg a me nā wahi like ʻole.
ʻO nā kumulāʻau melemele hoʻonani me nā pua nani ʻulaʻula e kanu pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā paka o ke kūlanakauhale.
ʻO nā lāʻau āpau āpau (me nā pua ʻulaʻula, terry, uwē a pēlā aku) he mau huaʻai maikaʻi, akā ʻo kā lākou hua meli ka nui loa o ka liʻiliʻi, paakiki a me nā tart, e like me nā holoholona holoholona hihiu, he kūpono wale nō ia no ka hoʻōla a me ka pae.
ʻO nā hua maʻamau o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpala maʻamau he liʻiliʻi, ʻono a me ka tart.
ʻO ke alapine o nā kumulā pua lāʻau
Hoʻopau kekahi mau ʻano kahiko o nā kumulāʻau hua a hua mai i nā hua i ka makahiki:
- ka makahiki mua, nui ka pua a hānau mai;
- makahiki aʻe ka hoʻomaha ʻana nā lāʻau - ʻaʻohe pua, ʻaʻohe hua;
- i ke kolu o ka makahiki, ulu nui a me ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi.
Kūkulu ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻenehana i kēia makahiki.
Nui nā ʻano loea kahiko (no ka laʻana ʻo Antonovka, Streifling, Anis) i kahi manawa palupalu a me ka manawa: ulu ka pua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pua i ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ka makahiki. Hoʻopili i nā hua o ia ʻano me ka mālama maikaʻi:
- ka wā kanu anti-wā kahiko, hoʻolako i ka ulu ikaika o ka nui o nā lālā;
- palapala noi makahiki no ka nui o ka waihona;
- mālama ka palekana o ka lepo kūpono (ʻo ka māla o ke kumulāʻau e aloha i ka wai, a ma nā wahi māla e pono ai ka inu ʻana).
I nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi me nā hua wā maʻamau, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi manawa e ʻoki i kahi hapa o nā pua a me nā ovaries hou i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ukana a hoʻopaʻa i ka waiho ʻana o nā pua pua no ka makahiki aʻe.
Hoʻokahi wale nō mau hua liʻiliʻi i hānai ʻia ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, a ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hana e pili ana i ia mea. No nā ʻāpana a me ke kikowaena, he ʻano ʻano maʻamau kēia o Grushovka; ma ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema, ke ʻano like o ka Kandil-synap.
Grushovka Moscow - kahi hua lāʻau ākea Lūkini kahiko e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā manawa maʻamau hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia
Ma loko o kaʻu māla aia he ʻelua Grushovki kahiko (kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka melemele" a me "ʻulaʻula", ʻokoʻa nā hua a me ka kala a me ke ʻano) me nā huaʻala i hōʻike ʻia nā hua wā maʻamau. I kekahi manawa, i ka wā o koʻu wā kamaliʻi, ua hua lākou i ka hua i huli (i hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻelua mau makahiki), a he mea maʻalahi loa ia. A laila, ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki i pōmaikaʻi ʻole i ka lālani (ʻoi paha o ka hau, weevil, a i ʻole kekahi mea hewa ʻole), hele hewa ana ka papa hana, a hoʻomaka a ʻelua Grushovka e pua a hua a hua. ʻAʻohe mea i hana me kēia. A no laila mākou e ola ai: hoʻokahi makahiki ma kahi e neʻe ai mai nā ʻōpala o ke kauwela - ʻo ka lua o ka makahiki ʻaʻole hoʻokahi ʻōmole a hiki i Sepatemapa, ke hoʻomaka ʻana nā ʻano o ka ʻohi.
Nā hana palekana e pili ai i nā pua apip
I ka wā uluʻana, heʻino nā huaʻai kīwaha. Inā popo ka lā, ua anu a me ka ua, a me nā makani ikaika, ʻaʻole lele ka pua piʻu o ka honu i waho o kā lākou hives, a nui nā pua puaʻa he lepo ʻole. Ma ke anuanu maikaʻiʻole, lele wale ka mauʻu a me nā meli hihiu, no laila he mea nui e pale i kēia mau ʻino polling, a no kēia, ʻo ia ka mea mua, mālama i kahi kūlana kūlohelohe o ka pūnaewele a ʻaʻole e hōʻino i nā pesticides.
ʻO nā Bumblebees kahi holoholona pepeke maikaʻi loa e nānā pinepine i nā pua a i ka wā maikaʻi.
I ka wā uluʻana, he pilikia loa nā kīwaha e hōʻino i nā pua, nā pua, a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. ʻO kahi palekana e hilinaʻi wale ʻia i ka hau, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka uhi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau papaku me ka agrofibre pale no kahi manawa e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ea.
Kuhi hou ʻia mai ka puke a i ka puke, nā manaʻo e pale aku ai i nā māla mai nā ʻōwili me nā ʻōpio uwahi. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i kā mākou hihia ma Middle Volga i nā wai āpau āpau (pōkole loa ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ea ma ka pō a me ke kakahiaka nui o ke kakahiaka) e kū wale ʻia ana i ke anuanua, kū mālie, i ka wā e kū ai ke uahi piaka i luna me kahi kolamu pōkā. A mai ka uahi i hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻinoʻino o Arctic o kahi paʻa anuanu lōʻihi me kahi makani ikaika ikaika loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka uahi ʻaʻole e hoʻopakele.
Pāʻuku ʻia nā ʻala ʻāpala a nā nūpepa weevil, hiki iā ia ke luku a kokoke i nā ʻōpō āpau ma nā kumulāʻau i nā makahiki o kona nānā ʻana.
Weevil pua ʻōwili a me nā pua hū ʻia nā mea (ʻo ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi)
- Kolo nā pua ʻōpala i hoʻomau me ka ʻaʻole e pua
- ʻAkuhi o ka pua o ka pua i loko o nā pua o ka hua lāʻau
- Hoʻopau ka weevil pua i nā hua ma nā pua o kahi lāʻau ʻākala
No laila, mai ka manawa e hamama ai nā ʻōpio, a ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua ʻana, e nānā mau ka māla lāʻau i nā kumulāʻau i kāna māla i ka manawa kūpono e ʻike pono i ka pōpilikia a hana i ka hana. I loko o kahi māla liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke lulu i ka mau pīpī ma ke kakahiaka kakahiaka nui, i ka wā aʻa ʻole ai lākou, ma kahi kau i waiho ʻia ma lalo o nā kumulā a luku. E hoʻoulu ʻia nā māla nui me nā pectetis pyrethroid ma mua o 5 mau lā ma mua o ka hāmama ʻana o nā pua. Ma hope koke o ka pua ʻana o nā kumulā, ke kāohi hou me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pyrethroid e pale ai i ka hua mai ka pīkī a me ka huaʻō huaʻa.
ʻO kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau kūpono i ka wā o ka pua ʻana ua pāpā ʻia ʻole ʻia: ʻo nā pesticides make wale nō i nā pōpoki, akā he mea pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi wale nō, me ka mauʻu a me nā bumblebees.
ʻO ka wā pua ka manawa koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi i ka nohona o ka ʻāpikiʻāpiki, e koi ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana mai ka māla. E hoʻomaikaʻi maoli nā lāʻau i ka mea mālama me ka nui o nā ʻuala ʻono.
