ʻO nā mea ola kino i loko o ka māla aiʻole i ka hale hoʻoulu mea kanu -ʻo ka moeʻuhane o nā kauwela kauwela a pau. Eia naʻe, no ka hapa iki o ka mālamaʻana a me nā kumu kūponoʻole, hiki i nā lāʻau ke hōʻeha i nā meaʻona e pale ai. Ināʻikeʻoe uaʻike kokeʻia nā kauwela liʻiliʻi ma luna o nā kumu waina, he hōʻailonaʻoiaʻiʻo kēia o ka maʻi. Eʻike i ka hopena o kēia mau kaumāma i laweʻia i kāu māla a pehea e hana ai iā lākou.
Mākau ma nā kukama:ʻike mākou i nā meaʻeha
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, "ke kauwela ma luna o ka kukama",ʻo ia hoʻi nāʻanoʻokoʻa likeʻole o nā'ōpalamea kanu kokoke i nā mea kanu. I ka manawa like,ʻaʻole he mea nui ka manawa o ka makahiki no nā pāpaʻi. I ka manawa pinepine, hele mai nā mea maʻi i loko o ke kumukūʻai kūʻai.
Hiki i nā kau waena ke hiki i nā'ēheu a me nā alane. ʻO ke kolo o nā parasite ke ola nei e ulu koke. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine i nā lianas kūkono, aia kahi'ōuliuliʻeleʻele, kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka mimili spider mite.
ʻO ke kikowaena'ōuli (kona inoa'ē aʻe he aphid apia) eʻikeʻia i ka hoʻoulu waiʻana i ka lepo, ma keʻano wela. He pilikia ka hanaʻana iā ia, e makemake ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO ka'ōpū keʻokeʻo (a he whitefly), he kūpono loa ka'ōpū o nā'ōmole no nā mea kanu. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i loko o ka lepo a hōʻino i ke kumu pakoma.
Ma waho aʻe o nā meaʻeha, hiki iāʻoe ke nānā i nā mea'ē aʻe he nui nā mea likeʻole e like me ka waena. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi he mau mimili spider. He mea maʻalahi keʻike i kēiaʻano o nā palapa: e hoʻolohe i ka lau a me nā koʻi. ʻO lākou e hulu melemele, maloʻo, i kekahi manawa eʻeleʻele. I kēia kūʻana,ʻo ka mea nui ke hoʻomaka koke i ka lāʻau, ināʻaʻole he kūpono i ka kanuʻana i nā mea kanu kukama i make.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo a mākou eʻai nei, he mea kanu maʻamau. Ua kapaʻia e ka Greek Greeks kēia inoa hua'ōleloʻo "Aguros",ʻo ia hoʻi ka hua'ōlelo "unripe", "'ōmaʻomaʻo" - no laila kona inoa hou. ʻAʻole kūpono ka'ōkukena paʻakikī no kaʻaiʻana o ke kanaka, akā, no ka hua wale nō ia e hoʻohanaʻia.
Hōʻike, pilikia, nāʻano o ka hakakā
E noho kākou ma nāʻano nui o nā blackflies ma nā kukama a kūkā i nā mea e hana ai i ke kauaʻana iā lākou. Ināʻikeʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a me ke kau waena, pono e mālama koke i nā mea palekana. I kekahi manawa, hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa me nā kuʻuna maʻamau, a ma kekahi mau hana, ponoʻoe e hoʻohana i nā kinikona.
Ke kauwelaʻeleʻele (melon aphid)
Hōʻike. ʻO ka aphidsʻeleʻele - he meaʻoluʻoluʻole i nā mea mahiʻai, akā, no ka hakakāʻana, ua maopopo maoli. Ma ka'āina ākea, hoʻopuka ka hua'ōlelo i nā kukama kokoke i ka waena o ke kauwela, a ma nā greenhouses - i ka puna.
ʻO ka nui o kaʻoki - mai 1.2 a 1.9 mm. Hiki i nā'ōpihi ke'ōmaʻomaʻo-'ōmaʻomaʻo,'ōmaʻomaʻo,ʻeleʻele uliuli aʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka hoʻoilo i ka wā o nā'ōpū a me nā wāhine uilaʻole, e hūnā ana ma lalo o nā lau basal o ka nāhelehele. Ma ka pūnāwai, me ka hoʻonuiʻia o ka mahana wela ma luna o 5 ° C, e waiho ka aphid i ka hibernation a hoʻomaka e hoʻonui, e kūkulu ana i nā kolomu o parasites ma kaʻaoʻao ma lalo o nā lau nahele.
Ke nui ka nuiʻana, i ka wā e nele ai ka'ōpala i ka meaʻai, ua hoʻi houʻia ka aphid i loko o nā mea winged. Holo nā lele lele i nā mea kanu melon. ʻO kahi kūpono no ka hānaiʻana a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻiaʻana o kēia mau parapite he mau lālā kukama. ʻO nā'ōpala e neʻe mai i nā kumulāʻau i ka kukama e ulu koke i nā hui hou a hou.
Hoʻopilikia ʻO ka hōʻailona nui e hana nei i kahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma luna o nā kukama e'ōloi ana a maloo i nā lālā. Ke hoʻohuli i ka pepa, hiki iāʻoe keʻike pono i ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana o nā meaʻeha. Loaʻaʻia nā kaukūʻeleʻele ma nā pua, nā ovaries a me nā wana'ōpiopio. Ināʻaʻoleʻoe e hana i ka manawa, e lilo paha kāu hapa nui. ʻO ka weliweli nui o kahi pīpī aphidʻo ia lawe i kahi mau maʻi bacteria he 50.
Ua hōʻikeʻia hoʻi Nohoʻo aphid i loko o nāʻano hōʻikeʻike me nā aneto. Mālama ka meaʻai ma luna o paddy (nā meaʻoluʻolu) aphids, a laila e kiaʻi ana i ko lākou mau kauhale. ʻO nā mea hōʻailona kūpilikiʻi no ka hoʻoilo i nā mea kahiko, a ma ka pūnāwai lākou e kau aku ma luna o nā mea kanu hou. No laila, e lawe ana i nā mea e pale ai i nā naloʻeleʻele ma luna o nā kukama, i ka manawa hoʻokahi pono e kaua i nā aneto e noho kokoke i nā moena pua.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka hana houʻana i loko o nā aphids ke puka ma ka hānauʻana,ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hānau nā'ōpū i ka manawa i hānau muaʻia. Hoʻomaka ka ulu o ka pūpū ma loko o ka makua ma mua o ka hānauʻana o ka makuahine, a ma hope o 10 mau lā i hānau houʻia ai ka aphid hou.No laila, e kamaʻilio pū kākou i ka mea e hana ai i ka loaʻaʻana o kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma nā kukama a me ka pehea e hana pono ai iā lākou.
Keʻano o ka hakakā:
- Hoʻokahi manawa i ka hebedoma, ke kāʻei me folys-phosphate. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia ka hopena: 20 g o superphosphate a 10 mau pāmailaka pākeneka dilute ma 10 liters o ka wai. E hana i nā kaʻina hana a hiki i ka hoʻopau loaʻiaʻana o nā meaʻeha.
- I nā'āpana liʻiliʻi no ka'ōniuʻana, e hoʻohana i nā hōʻailona likeʻole. No kēia kumu, kūpono i ka lapalapa o ka lehu, ka paka, ka laʻau potato, kāleka, ka pepaʻawaʻawa, nā aʻa a me nā'ōpala o nā dandelions, nā lau a me nā kolo o ka celandine, nā'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ka pepeli'okena, nā'ōpato o ka mīmato, nā lau. Eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hakakāʻana i nā aphids ināʻoe e hoʻohui i kahi hamopila wai i ka wai holoi. E hana hou i ka hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia pule a hiki i ka nalowaleʻana o nā paras.
- Ma nā'āpana nui, pono e hakakā nā meaʻeha me nā mea'alamiko. Hoʻomākaukau kūloheloheʻo Aktofit, Fitoverm, Bitoksibatsillin, a me nā meaʻinoʻole Kinmiks, Intra-vir, Arrivo, Detsis a me nā mea'ē aʻe e kū'ē i ka melon-sprouts aphid.
He mea nui! No ka hanaʻana o nā mea kanu kukoma, e nānā mua i ka hiki ke hoʻohana i ka biologics. ʻO kēia ka mea palekana no nā kānaka. Ua hala 2 mau lā ma hope o ka pulupiliʻana me nā huahana koʻi, hiki ke mālamaʻia ka hua. I ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lāʻau lapalapa, he mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo i ko lākou maʻi. No laila, pono e hoʻohanaʻia no ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 20 mau lā ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana o nā kukama. Eia kekahi, he lōʻihi lōʻihi ma kahi lumi i hanaʻia ai ka hanaʻana o nā kinikalikō, he pilikino. Mai hana i ka hanaʻole nā mea palekana: nāʻaʻahu, nā mīkina lima, ka breatpira, nā aniani.
ʻO ke keʻokeʻo'ākau (whitefly)
Hōʻike. ʻO ka whitefly (Aleirodid) kekahiʻano'ōpala kūmā o ka kukama. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka whitefly e like me ka laulā 1.3-3 mm. ʻO kēia mauʻenemi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu like nā moth maʻemaʻe ole ka lepidoptera liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. He mau'ēheuʻehā ko lākou. Ua uhiʻia nā'ēheu me ka keʻokeʻo, ka palaoa-like, ka ulu lepo. ʻO nā'ōpū he motile, akā,ʻoiai lākou e ulu nei, ua lilo lākou i mea hanaʻole.
Hoʻopilikia ʻO kekahiʻano o kaʻeleʻele he mau mea hoʻonāʻinoʻino ka lukuʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka pāʻani ma nā kukama ʻO kaʻoihana maʻamau i loko o nā'ōmaʻomaʻu. Ke uhi keʻokeʻo ma kaʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o nā lau a hānai i ka'ōpala. Ma ka manawa like ma ka mahele o ka pepa eʻikeʻia he pīpī liʻiliʻi (pad), e like me ka pua nani.
Ma hope aku, ulu ka mycelium, aʻeleʻele ka lau. ʻO kēia mau momonaʻeleʻele ka mea nui e weliweli ai i nā mea kanu. I ka manawa pinepine, he ulu nui o nā wana.
E nānā i kahi eʻike ai i ka waena keʻokeʻo ma nā mea kanu a me ka pehea e kipaku aku ai iā lākou. Hiki keʻikeʻokoʻaʻia nā pua a me nā'ōpū o nā mea'ālaʻi ma ka lau - e like lākou me nā'āpana hina hina.
Keʻano o ka hakakāʻana. I ka hakakāʻana i keʻokeʻo,ʻo nā mea lapaʻau e pili nei he mea pono: Actellic, Verticillin, Confidor, Mospilan, Pegasus, Fufanon, Phosbecid. E hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhiʻia i nā kuhikuhi.
E hoʻohana i nā paʻi paʻi e loaʻa ai nā kānaka kūʻokoʻa. No ka hanaʻana i kēia, e hana i nā'āpana paona i ka'ōmaʻomaʻa a i keʻokeʻo paha, a laila ka'ōpala me kaʻaila castor, ka'elila paila, aiʻole ka paina me ka meli. Hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā paʻi lele.
I kēia mau lā, hoʻomāhuahua ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻano olaola no ka hakakāʻana i ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO nāʻenemi maoli o ka whitefly ka'ōmaʻomaʻo gula, ka wahine wahine a me ka pīpī pīpī Macrolofus. Hiki i kēia mau'ōpū ke wikiwiki e hoʻopau i nā palapa. Ua hana pūʻia hoʻi i loko o ka hale kōmaena o ka pupae o ke kāʻei. Hoʻopili ke enkartia wahine i kāna mau hua i loko o ke kino o ka huʻi keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke kūpono o kēiaʻano hana kiʻekiʻe loa.
Hoʻomaʻiʻia nā mea hōʻolo lāʻau e like me nā hōʻailona. Kāleka maikaʻi ke kāpili keʻokeʻo ma kahi whitefly: ke kālaki paʻi (150 g) i hoʻokahi lita o ka wai. E hoʻokomo i ka wai no 5 mau lā ma lalo o ka uhi paʻa. E hoʻokuʻu i nā lāʻau iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia manawa.
E ho'āʻo e holoi i nā lāʻau me nā wai maʻemaʻe - holoi maikaʻi keʻokeʻo me ka wai.
He mea nui! E hoʻomanaʻo i kaʻike kokeʻiaʻana o nā hōʻailona o nā mea kanu kukoma ma nā pālolo,ʻo ka mea mua a maʻalahi hoʻi ke hoʻopauʻia. He maikaʻi nā lapaʻau Folk ināʻaʻole he nui nā maʻiʻeha.
Spider mite
Hōʻike. ʻO nā mites Spider ka liʻiliʻiʻuʻuku o nāʻohana arachnid, kekahi o nāʻenemiʻino loa o nā mea kanu kukumba. ʻO nā'ōmole he alani,ʻulaʻula aiʻole melemele. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 1 mm. ʻO nā pāpale kūpono e noho mau ma kaʻaoʻao'ē aʻe o ka lau a ulu nui i ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻopukaʻana ma muli o ka mahana o ka lewa:ʻo kaʻoi aku kaʻoi aku,ʻo kaʻoi aʻe o ka uluʻana o nā palapē. I ka wela nui a me ke anu,ʻaʻole hānai nā wāhine i ka hele a hele i kahi kihi.
Hoʻopilikia Mālama nā mites Spider i nā pūlaʻau kanu, e hōʻino ai iā lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i nā mea kanu i loko o 1-2 mau pule. Eia kekahi, hoʻopuka lākou i nā lāʻau me nāʻano bacteria.
Pest Hiki keʻikeʻia e nā mea kiko'ī ma kaʻaoʻao. A laila, mai nā lionaʻeleʻele, ua loli ka lau. I kekahi manawa eʻikeʻoe i kahi pūnaewele lahilahi e uhi i nāʻano o nā lāʻau. Ma nā piko e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka nui o nā colonnes. Ināʻaʻoleʻoe e hana, e maloʻo nā lau a hāʻule.
He mea nui! I loko o ka wela nui, pono pono ke puhi i nā lāʻau i kēlā me kēia 7-8 lā, aʻo ka wahine i hoʻolahalaha i kēia manawa he manawa manawa e waiho i nā hua hou.
Keʻano o ka hakakāʻana. No ka lukuʻiaʻana o nā ticks kūkamo,ʻo Akarin, Apollo, Fitoverm, Phosbecid. Hoʻopiʻi i ka pīpī, pepehi kēia mau hua'ōlelo. Pono i nā lāʻau e pono i nā manawa he nui e hoʻopau i nā kolo.
Akā, ma mua o ka heleʻana i ka lāʻau maʻamau, e ho'āʻo i ka hoʻoikaika i nā palapili ma keʻano o nāʻano pilikino a me nā loina.
I nā wā mua o ka maʻi, ua loaʻa i kēia mauʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi. ʻO nāʻenemi maoli o nā mites spider pū he mau wahine wahine.
Eia kekahi, aia nāʻano 'āina e pale i nā mites a me ka mīpi (ka'ōpū kōmato, ka marigolds, kaʻuala). ʻO kēia mau mea kanu he mau meaʻona kūikawā. Mai ia mau mea e hana i nā mea liʻiliʻi, i kahuʻia nā kukama. E ho'āʻoʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o ke kaulike, no ka mea hiki i kēia ke hōʻino i nā lāʻau.
Ponoʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka mau kukama i kanuʻia i ka wā i kanu muaʻia e ka mīpī mimiki.
Ka paleʻana i ka pest
Aia nā hana palekana hōʻoiaʻiʻoe ho'ēmi i ka pilikia o nā blackflies ma nā kukama:
- E hoʻolako i nā mea ulu i kahi hoʻomalu o ka mahana-mahana maikaʻi a me ka hamo maikaʻi (i loko o nā greenhouses a me nā greenhouses). ʻO ka mahana o ka lumi i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka pō,ʻo ia -18-22 ° C. Maiʻae i nā loli pōkole i ka mahana a me ka mahana. Inā ua maloʻo ke anuanu, e'ōpala i nā mea kanu ma kahi ākea me ka wai.
- E nānā i nā lālā kanu. E hoʻohana wale i nāʻano maikaʻi loa.
- Ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana, e hoʻokō i kekahi mau mea e hōʻemi i ka hale kōmaʻomaʻo. No kēia kumuhana, e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapalapa (e like paha, Metaphos, Karbofos, Decis).
- Mai hoʻokomo pono i nā kumulāʻau.
- Mai waiho i ka kūkoma ma kahi kokoke i ka zucchini, ka'uluka, ka'āpala, kāloti, ka eggplant, ka pi.
- E hoʻowahe i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi i ka manawa, akā, mai waiho i ka hoʻopihaʻana i ka lepo.
- Mai poina ka hānaiʻana i ka lepo me nā mea kanu.
- Wehe pinepine i nā'ōpala.
