I waena o nāʻano holoholonaʻoihana e alakaʻi i nā holoholona. Hāʻawi kēia hana i ka hapalua o nā waiwai a pau mai ka holoholona. Laweʻia nā huahana laʻau, nā meaʻai, a me nāʻoihanaʻoihana māmā mai kēia mau holoholona. Holo ka iʻa a me kaʻiʻo i ka lua o ka hope ma hope o ka puaʻa. ʻO ka milikō he meaʻaila maʻalahi no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona.
A mai kaʻili maikaʻi loa, hana lākou i nā kāmaʻa, nā lole a me nā huahana'ē aʻe. Hoʻopukaʻia nā pihi, a me nā mea'ē aʻe mai nā huahana e like me nā kiwi a me nā hooves. ʻO nā pipi nui e hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ka mahiʻai. I kēia lā, e haʻi aku ana mākou i nāʻano Simmental.
He aha ka mea maʻalahi e aʻo e pili ana i kaʻohana Simmental?
ʻO ka pipi kūpilikiʻi he lālā hōʻailona o kaʻiʻo a me kaʻano lawaiʻa. ʻO ke kumu o kēia lālāʻo Switzerland. Ma waena o nā holoholona a pau ma kēia'āina, 60% mai kēiaʻano.
ʻO kēia'ōpiopio kekahi o nā hānau mua loa. Ua hanaʻia ma ka heleʻana i nāʻano me kaʻiʻo, ka waiu a me ka hana i ka hana. ʻO ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o kēiaʻano puana i hoʻolahaʻia e nāʻano waiwai waiwaiʻelua a me nā mea kūlohelohe.
I ko mākou mau'āina, ua laweʻia ka hua Simmental i ka hapalua o ka hapa i hala.
ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻohālike Simmental he red-motley a iʻole ka ulaʻula. ʻO nā kauāʻelemakule heʻano ulaʻula. I kēia mau lā,ʻo ka maʻalahi keʻano o ka liʻiliʻi o ke kala uila i loko o ka liʻiliʻi pale. ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻo o ka hoʻopiʻi i loko o nā holoholona pampered. Maʻemaʻe ka ihu, ka 'ōlelo, he'ōmaʻomaʻo ka'ōpū ma kaʻoni. Inā heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma kēia mau wahi, a lailaʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ka bipi.
'Aleʻele ka lau o nā pepeiaohao, a he keʻokeʻo ka pākuʻi i ke kala. Ma Switzerland, ua manaʻoʻia inā heʻeleʻele ke kihi o nā pepeiao, a lailaʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ka bipi.
ʻO ke kumukānāwai o nā bipi Simmental he ikaika, a ma kekahi mauʻano, he koʻikoʻi.
ʻO kahi o ka pua he poʻo nui aʻeleʻele. Ua hoʻouluhuaʻia kaʻaoʻao mua, ua hoʻokumuʻia nā pepeiaohao.
ʻO ka'ā'ī o nā bipi i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi a me ka lahilahi, akā, i nā bipi o ka Simmental momo, heʻiʻo a he pōkole ka'ā'ī. ʻO ka poʻeʻeleʻele ua laulā nui,ʻoiai i loko o nā bipi i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kekahi manawa.
Loaʻa ka hohonu, ka whānui, ka lōʻihi a me ka nui o ka pahu i nā holoholona. Ma nā holoholona i kūʻole i ke ea pono, hiki paha ke hihia ma hope o nā poʻohiwi.
He nui nā holoholona, pololei, ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, ka lōʻihi a me ka croup muscular.
He kiʻekiʻe ka hiʻu.
ʻO nā wāwae o ka pua Simmentalʻaʻole i lōʻihi, ua mākaukau nā iwi a me nā hui. Ma nā poʻohiwi, hiki iāʻoe keʻike i kahi hemahema (he nui loa ka piko ma waena o ka wāwae lalo a me nā metatarsus, a ua kapaʻia kēia "he nihoʻelepani"), aʻo waho aku nā pā mua. He ikaika nā holoholona, māmā a me nā hooves i hoʻolālāʻia.
He palupalu ke kaumaha o kaʻili a me ka kaumaha, a ma waena o ka 10 a me ka 14 paona kona kaumaha. ʻO nā bipi nui a me nā bipi kaupaona nui loa.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa Heʻano likeʻole kaʻano o Simmental i nā mea'ē aʻe ma kona uluʻana, nā iwi maha a me nā ū nunui. Nā holoholona i hoʻomohala i nāʻiʻo, ka uluʻeleʻele a me nā lālā maikaʻi.
Hoʻomākaukau maikaʻiʻia kaʻano o Simmental, kona ʻo ke anaʻana o nā ana penei:
- ʻO ka nui o nā keiki keiki i hānauʻia he 34-42 kilokika, ma ka makahiki a me ka hapalua ka piʻiʻana o kā lākou kaumaha i 340 kilokilo.
- ʻO ke kaumaha o ka wahine'ōpio bipi wahine mai 650 a hiki i 850 kilokalo, hiki i nā bipi momona ke kaumaha.
- ʻO ka nui o kahi bipi kāne nui e like me ka 750 a hiki i ka 1100 kilokani, aʻo nā bipi i hānai maikaʻiʻia, hiki ke hiki i kahi 1300 kilokani.
- ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi bipi i ka mea i maloʻo, he 138-145 keneta ka nui, aʻo nā bipi he 133-135 keneta.
- ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona ma waena o 158 -162 keneta.
- ʻO ke kaʻina o ka metacarpus e hoʻololiʻia mai 18.5 a 20 mau kenimika.
He aha ka hua o nā bipi Simmental?
ʻO ka loaʻaʻana o ka waiū o nā bipi kaulike Simmental.
ʻAʻole i hoʻokomoʻia ka Udder a me ka waiū wīlā e like me kaʻano o ka milky.
ʻO nā moma momona o nā bipi kauwahi. Ua hoʻonui ikiʻia nā lobes lōʻihi ma mua o ka mua.
Hiki nō hoʻi ke ulu i ka pua o nā bipi i ka lauoho lauoho.
ʻO kaʻoihana maʻamau o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki, heʻokoʻa ia mai 2,500 a 5,500 kilokani,ʻo kona momona momona kahi mai 3.8 a ka 4.1 pakeneka.
He mea hoʻohālikelike i loko o ka uluʻana o nā bipi he mea like ia me ka helu kuhikuhi. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia kūʻana no ka lakene o ka huina nui o ka waiū i ka hua o nā maheleʻaoʻao mua. Mai kēia mea e hiki ai iāʻoe keʻike pehea e hoʻonuiʻia ai nā kuleana a pau o ka hoa a hoʻomaopopo i ka huahua o ka bipi. I ka helu a mākou e wehewehe nei,ʻo 42-45 pakeneka ka helu helu. Ke'ōlelo nei e pili ana i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi o ka meaʻai.
He aha nā hopena o kaʻano Simmental?
Nui nā mea maikaʻi o ka mālamaʻana i kaʻohana Simmental i ka mahiʻai, akā e haʻi aku mākou i nā mea nui:
- Ma muli o kaʻano Simmental no kaʻiʻo a me ka mea lawaiʻa, hiki ke hoʻomaopopoʻia heʻiʻo maikaʻi kaʻiʻo a me ka waiū.
- I ka hānaiʻana i nā'ōpiopio, hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa i ka waiwai waiwai nui, iʻoi aku ma mua o ka hanaʻana o shorthorns a me Herefords. Akā, inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā'āpana momona a me nā hikiʻole o kēia mauʻano, eʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻaiʻelua.
- ʻO keʻano kūlana maikaʻi o kēia lāhuiʻo kona precocity.
- ʻO ka hōʻailona wikiwiki i nāʻano likeʻole heʻano kūpono ia.
- Hiki ke olakino maikaʻi me ka hiki ke hana i ka hana kaumaha.
- I ka hānauʻana o nā pua ma nā laina a ma nāʻaoʻao o ke alahaka, ua manaʻoʻia heʻano koʻikoʻi o ka uluʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā mahi kanu.
- ʻO ka nui o kaʻili o kēia mau holoholona e pili ana i kekahi mea kūpono.
- ʻO ka mea nui ka hoʻolohe a me kaʻike o nā holoholona.
- ʻO kaʻaoʻao maikaʻi o kēia lāhuiʻo ia ka holo a me ka ikaika.
- ʻO nā holoholona o ka lāhui i haʻiʻia he kūʻokoʻa i nā maʻi.
He aha nāʻano pōpilikia e pono aiʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka wā e kūʻai mai ai?
ʻO kaʻano o Simmental he mea koi loa i kānaʻai. ʻO ka hānai hānai iā lākou he mea kiʻekiʻe.- Eia nō hoʻi, ke koi nei kaʻohana i kāna mea e pono ai, pono iā ia ka mālama. Inā heleʻole kēia, hiki wawe ka pua.
- ʻO ka nele o ka pua ke hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ponoʻole i nā lālā.
- ʻO kahi'ōpala o ke kumukānāwai o kekahi holoholona e'ōloi ana i ke kua.
- ʻO kekahi hemahema o kēiaʻano kumu,ʻo ia ka nāwaliwali o nā mahele mua o nā bipi.
- ʻAʻohe pane maikaʻi o ka lauoho Udder.
ʻO kaʻano o Simmental he mea koi loa i kānaʻai. ʻO ka hānai hānai iā lākou he mea kiʻekiʻe.He aha ka waiu a me kaʻiʻo o keʻano o Simmental?
He maikaʻi loa nā kumukūʻai o ka meaʻai ma muli o ka hiki o ka wikiwiki wikiwikiʻana. ʻO kaʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe loa,ʻaʻai maikaʻi,ʻaʻole momona nui,ʻaʻohe hohonu o nā kūpoki paʻoki, akāʻo ka kaumaha o nā iwi ma mua o ke kaumaha o kaʻiʻo. ʻO ka momona i loko o ka meaʻai he 17 pakeneka.
Hōʻike nā'ōmole likeʻole i ka laulā mai 2500 a 5500 kilomeka o ka waiū, aʻo kona momona momona ka piʻi i 4.1 pakeneka.
Loaʻa ka loaʻaʻana o ka waiu momona ma ka homeland o nā holoholona, a he 15898 kilokani ka waiū. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā hua kiʻekiʻe i Hungary. Ua loaʻa i ka Dame Burenka ka nui o ka waiu waiu a he 19,665 kilokani ka waiū o kēlā me kēia makahiki o ka lactation. ʻO ka nui o ka waiu me ka lā mai kēlā bipi wahine he 70.1 kilokalo o ka waiū.
Ma nāʻano'enema maikaʻi, he maikaʻi loa ka hanaʻana i ka waiū. ʻO ke kaʻina o nā mea kūʻai mai ke 3200 a hiki i 3500 kilokilo o ka waiū, aʻo kona waihona momona he 3.7 i ka 4.1 pakeneka. ʻO nā momona maikaʻi loa i hāʻawiʻia mai ka 8,200 a hiki i 10,900 kilokika o ka waiū me ka momona momona mai ka 4.05 a 4.87 pakeneka. ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa i ka bipi a Zozulya me ka waiū he 12,760 kilokika.
Ma kekahi mau mahiʻai, loaʻa kahi waiwai nui o ka waiwai o Simateal. Eia kekahi laʻana ma ka moku Voronezh, he hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokilo ka nui o ka waiwai Heir 2 i ka lā hoʻokahi. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau,ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa i nā gobies kahi waiwai waiwai. Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia,ʻo ka nui o ka waiū waiʻu a me nā mea nui o nā mea e hanaʻia ai ke kumu o ka momona o ka momona i loko o ke kino,ʻaʻohe maikaʻi maikaʻi ma ka hana maʻamau. A me nā hua kiʻekiʻe, nā keiki bipi eʻai i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi,ʻo ia ke kumu no ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā holoholona ma ke ala.
Ma muli o ka ikaika o nā'ōpiopio, e pono ana kēiaʻohana i nā mea'enele a me ka meaʻai. ʻO ka uluʻana i ia meaʻai, he nui loa ka waiū, nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai aʻa a me ka mauʻu maikaʻi.
Mai nā'āina'ē aʻe oʻEulopa, ua maʻalahi ka lāhui Simmental maʻAsuria. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, e ulu ana kēiaʻano ma keʻano o ke kai, akā,ʻaʻole e hōʻaloʻia nā hōʻailonaʻai. Wahi a nā heluhelu i hanaʻia ma nā holoholona Simmental,ʻo ka'ōkuʻu o ka bipi hoʻokahi he 3,823 kilokani, aʻo ka momona o ka waiū he 4.06 pakeneka.
ʻO kaʻahahui e hānai ana i kēiaʻohana ua hoʻokumu iā ia iho i ka hana o ka loaʻaʻana o 4,500 kilokani waiū i ka 4.1 pakeneka momona. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonohonoho nā mea hoʻokae iā lākou iho i kaʻoihana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka precocity a me kaʻiʻo o ka hua.
I ka makahiki 1958, ua laweʻia mai nā bipi bipi heʻumikumamālima oʻAsuria a hiki i ka Soviet Union, a ua loaʻa nā mākua mai 5000 a 5176 waiū, me ka momona o ka 4.2 a 4.37 pakeneka. A ua laweʻia nā bipi i loko o nāʻoihana papahana o Ukraine e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koko o nā Simmentals, ka poʻe i hānaiʻia ma ka'āina ia manawa.
ʻO ka hua makela no nā bipi kaulike he 65 pakeneka, a no nā bipi kāne 53-56 pakeneka. Keʻano hoʻohālikelike i ka wā e hiki ai ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana holoholona i nāʻano meaʻaiʻole. I loko o nāʻano momona i'āwiliʻia,ʻo ka loaʻaʻana o nā'ōpala i ka 63 pakeneka.
