Lupine - pua pua mai ka ʻohana legume. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia wahi i nā wahi neoneo o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAmelika ʻākau a me ke kahakai Mediterranean. ʻIke maikaʻi ka pua pua i nā pali pōhaku a i ʻole nā one. He hawewe a ke ʻano o nā māla mahiʻai. Ua ulu pinepine ʻo ia a nānā i ke ʻano o ka weed e pono ai ka mālama mau. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka mea kanu ka mea maikaʻi loa ʻo ka siderat, nā mea kanuʻai a me ka lāʻau lāʻau. ʻO kona pīhoihoi nani me nā pālahalaha hou, e like me nā ʻaina fluffy, e hoʻonani i ka pua a kā me ka mask.
Hōʻike Botanical
ʻO ka Lupine ka mea kanu lāʻau maʻamau a pākuʻi. ʻO kona inoa mai Latin e hiki ke unuhi ʻia he "wolf". ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pua i ka wā e ulu ana a hiki i kahi 1-1.5 m. Hiki i ke kumu rhizome ke ulu a hiki i ka 2 m hohonu i ka lepo. Ua uhi ʻia me nā mānoʻomaʻo a me nā kūmole puna. Loaʻa iā lākou nā bacteria. ʻĀnō, nā kihi kūleʻa mai ka ʻāina i hana pinepine ʻia kahi lāʻau ʻōhā.
Ke kokoke loa i ka lepo, nā lau ʻōpala e hiki mai ana i kahi ulu lāʻau palma ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau. I ke kumu o ka petiole me ke kumu lōʻihi he stipules lōʻihi e hana ana i kahi uluna liʻiliʻi. Pōlei ka papa pepa, ʻono ʻia i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka piko o ke kuʻi me kahi lihi lōʻihi, i uhi ʻia me nā pua pua o nā pua ʻalā ma nā paila pōkole. ʻO ka corolla i ke ʻano o kahi holo moana he keʻokeʻo, uliuli, poni, ʻulaʻulaʻula. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa i nā inflorescences me kahi pale o nā petals no kahi mea kanu hoʻokahi. I loko o ka moku mai nā petals o lalo he 10 hūnā ʻia, hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou mau kaula ma ke kumu. ʻO kahi wīhi sessile kokoke me kahi capitate stigma.
Hoʻopuka ʻia nā koho ʻia e nā pepeke. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻālaʻi nā ʻili a nā ʻili, nāʻu i ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO kaʻaila a iʻa paha lākou ma ka kala, a he nui nā poepoe a ʻōpiopio paha i hū ʻia i loko. ʻOkoʻa ka like me ko lākou kala a me ko lākou ʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano like o ka lupine
ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka ʻano o ke ʻano o ka lupine. Loaʻa ma mua o 600 mau mea kanu. Loaʻa ka nui o lākou i ka nahele wale nō, akā i waena o nā mea kanu i koho ʻia ke koho nui.
He laulā ka lupine. Noho kēia ʻōlau kūloko ma ʻAmelika Hema. Aia ia i ka hau a e ulu maikaʻi i nā kime huhū. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pololei, aneane foliage-free tons he 0.8-1.2 m. ʻO nā lau palma nui ma luna o nā petiole lōʻihi e kū aʻe mai ka lepo. Ma lalo iho, he uhi poli wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo e uhi ʻia me nā pou. ʻO ka pua hānai 30-35 cm lōʻihi i Iune a i loko o nā pua liʻiliʻi-violet pua nani.
ʻIliʻili Lupine. ʻO kahi mea kanu lāʻau 0.8-1.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kūhāhā kūpono, he koʻokoʻo pubescent, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me nā lau palma. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lau i ka petiole. Aia kekahi puʻu pōkole ma ko lākou kua. Ma ka piko aia nā lōlihi racemose lōʻihi me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, poni, ʻulaʻula, a me nā poniula. ʻIke ʻia nā pulu polū ʻulaʻula ma luna o ka ʻili o nā petals, no laila kapa ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻulaʻula heula.
He keʻokeʻo ka lupine. Kūkulu ʻia ka mea kanu i kahi pua nui a hiki i ka 1.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe, aia kona mau lālā mai ke kumu e uhi ʻia i nā lau palma emerald. Kūleʻa ke kālā cilia ma nā kihi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ma ke kikowaena waena. ʻO nā pua keʻokeʻo me kahi kukui pink a i ole paha eʻai i kahi'ōmaʻomaʻo lahilahi e ulu i nā ulu liʻiliʻi, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi kiko.
Lupine Russell. He hui o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hoʻomaka o nā kenekulia XX. Kanaka George Russell maʻa no ka hoʻonaninani ʻana. Hoʻokomo nui nā loko o nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu (a hiki i 45 cm ka lōʻihi). Hoʻopule lākou i kahi momona ʻoluʻolu. I waena o nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ʻē aʻe:
- ʻā ahi ahi
- keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
- minaret (stunted me nā lima ākea);
- nā pua ahi (ʻelua mau pua'āpana a hiki i ka 120 cm ke kiʻekiʻe).
He mau makahiki ka lupine. ʻO ka lāʻau maloʻo a paʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 120 cm ke kiʻekiʻe ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a hiki i ke kai Artctic. Ua uhi ʻia ke kumu o nā puna wai i nā lau petiole me nā ʻāpana oval. Ma ka piko aia kahi pōkole akā pōkole akā ʻoi aku ka pōpō me nā pua ʻalaʻula uliuli.
Hoʻohana ma ka hale
Mai ka manawa o ka manawa, pono nā mea kanu e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo (green manure) e kanu i ka māla. ʻO kekahi o lākou he lupine. Ke hoʻomau nei kahi ʻōnaehana kūkulu loea a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka lepo. E maʻalahi ʻo ia, maʻalahi. I ka manawa like, hoʻopaʻa nā aʻa i nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele maloʻo, e hana ana i kahi lau momona a pale i ka ikehu.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e ulu i kahi lupine makahiki e like me siderat. I loko o 2 mau mahina wale nō, ua kūkulu ʻoki ʻia ʻo ia i wā ka nui o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. I ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana, ke hoʻomakeke nei i nā mea kanu nitrika e ka lepo me ka mea kanu, kahi a ka decomposed, hoʻopuka a me nā microorganism. Hoʻokahi like like seeding e pili ana i ka noi o 200 kg / ha o ka nitrogen. Loaʻa hoʻi i nā humus i mea hoʻopili like o ka honua. E hoʻolōʻihi i ka lepo, ʻoki i nā lupins a ʻeli i ke kahua a hiki i ka wā o ka māla. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ke decomposition me ka nui o ka umauma e hele wikiwiki.
ʻO kekahi, kanu maikaʻi loa kahi huaʻai. Aia nā hua he nui o nā momona. Hōʻike ka Lupine i ka huahana kiʻekiʻe nui ma ka lepo acidic. E hoʻomākaukau i ka meaʻai no nā holoholona, he mea maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo a me ka melemele. ʻO nā ʻano me nā pua uliuli he nui nā alkaloid. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻonāukiuki wale i ka ʻai, akā ua mea ʻona pū kekahi. Akā ʻo ia mau alkaloids e kinai ai i nā iniseti maikaʻi loa. ʻAi a ʻai ʻala ʻo Parasites, no laila, kanu ʻia ka lupine uliuli kokoke i nā moena.
Ke ulu nei ʻo lupine
E hoʻomohala i nā hua lupine. I ka manawa pinepine, inā ua puka hou ʻia ka mea kanu ma ka pūnaewele, a laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e lūlū i nā kūikawā. ʻOiai me ka hōʻoki mau ʻana o nā inflorescences, liʻiliʻi ma kahi liʻiliʻi i hāʻule i nā hua liʻiliʻi i ka lepo. Akā, ke hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe varietal i kēlā me kēia hanauna i hope. E kāʻei ka manawaleʻa i nā kala o nā petals, a me nā kala ʻulaʻula, no laila e ulu ʻia nā ʻano hiʻona mai nā hua kanu.
No nā ulu ulu i ka lā Malaki-ʻApelila, ua mākaukau nā pahu me ka lepo momona.
- kiniki (40%);
- turf ʻāina (40%);
- one (20%).
Pono e hoʻomoʻi mua ʻia nā hua a laila e kāwili ʻia me nā nodules kuapo. No laila e hoʻomohala ʻia lākou i nā mea kanu hoʻokele nitrika a e wikiwiki wikiwiki. A laila e hūnā pū ʻia nā mea kanu i ka hohonu o ka 2-3 cm. Ma hope o nā lā 10-14, puka mai nā mea kanu. Ke ulu ka mea kanu i nā lau 2-3 maoli, ʻo ia ka manawa ke kanu iā ia ma kahi mau. Ma hope mai, e hoʻomaka ke aʻa aʻa me ke kūlohelohe i ka ulu.
E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, hiki ke kanu koke ʻia nā lupins ma kahi ākea. Hana ia i ka hopena o ke kuhi a i ʻole paha ma ʻApelila. ʻO nā kiʻi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i kahi mamao o 15-30 cm mai kēlā me kēia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua i loko o lākou me kahi mamao o 5-15 cm. Pono e mālama pono ʻia nā mea kanu me nā nodules kahiko.
Ma waho mālama
Pono e wehe a hāpana ka wahi no ka mahina pua. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā oneone ma kahi palona a i ʻole ka loamy, me kahi hopena i hoʻohuikahi ʻole a i ʻole e kūlike. Ma mua, e ʻeli ʻia ka honua. Hoʻohui ʻia ka Lime a i ʻole ka dolomite i ka lepo acidic, a me ka peat i ka ʻāina alkaline loa. Kahi ʻia nā hua kanu i nā lua pāpō me ka mamao o 30-50 cm.
I ka wā mua, pono ka lāʻau ʻōpio i nā lau a me ka wehe ʻana o ka lepo. Hoʻomaʻama pinepine lākou i ka domed rewence. Ma hope mai, ulu ikaika ka lāʻau a nalo aku ka pilikia.
ʻO ka Lupine kahi mea kanu hoʻomanawanui. Inā ma ka pūnāwai e pono ai nā mea kanu ʻōpala i nā wai maʻamau, a laila ma hope aʻe e lilo lākou i paʻakikī. Pono pono ka kanu ʻana iā lākou me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ua, i ka wā e heʻe ai ka lepo.
Mai ka lua o ka makahiki, ua hoʻohua ʻia nā mea kanu i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki, i ka waenakonu o ka pūnāwai. No kēia, hoʻopuehu ʻia ka superphosphate a me ka calcium chloride kokoke i nā aʻa. ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea paʻakikī nitrous.
Noi ʻia nā mea kanu lāʻau e hoʻomākaukau i ke kākoʻo no ka ʻaʻole i ʻoki ʻia ka lāʻau ma kahi e ulu a i ʻole nā ʻano ikaika o ka makani. I ka wā e maloʻo ai ka inflorescences, pono pono lākou e ʻoki. No laila hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke pale aku i ka kanu ʻana me ka nānā ʻole, akā ua hoʻolōʻihi pū ʻoe i ka pua ulu ʻana i ka hopena o ke kauwela.
Pono e hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻano pelekane i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ke kū mai ka rhizome a hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻāʻī. Ma hope o 5-6 mau makahiki, ua hoʻoliolo ka mea hoʻonani o ka lāʻau a ua hoʻōla hou ka moena o ka pua.
Lupins delible the fungal infection (rot, fusarium, mosaic, spotting, rust). ʻO ka pale kāohi pono e pili ana i ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiai. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā lupines a me nā legumes i kahi lōʻihi o ka pūnaewele. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi i ka mea kanu i ka mea kanu ulu.
ʻO nā pōpō maʻamau he mau aphids, nā lele kōpala a me nā ʻāpana nodule. Hiki i nā iniseti ke holo aku iā lākou. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hoʻonā ma nā lau a ninini i ka lepo. Ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, komo kēia mau mea i loko o ka hua kanu. Make ke Parasites, ʻai i nā lau.
Hoʻohana ka māla a keu aku
ʻO nā ulu kālā, nā mea like me nā pālaʻi, hana i ka lupins i kahi hoʻonaninani nani o ka pūnaewele. Hōʻai ʻia ia i ka waena a i ʻole ma ka waena waena o ka māla pua pua, ma nā pali pōhaku, ma ke kaʻi a i ʻole nā paia o nā hale. Hiki i Delphinium, phloxes, host, irises a me nā lili ke lilo i kamaʻāina i ka pua pua.
Hiki i nā hua o ka lupine ke kū i nā holoholona wale nō. Mai ka wā kahiko i nā ʻāina ʻē, ua hana ʻia ka palaoa mai iā lākou, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka palaoa, aila, confectionery, nā pā wela. Hoʻokahi ke ʻano momona a me ka momona o ka momona i ka pono o ka meaʻai o nā meaʻai.
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna, ʻo kahi neʻe mai kahi mea kanu i lilo i kumu o ka lāʻau "Iksim Lupine" - kahi antibiotic ākea ākea. Hoʻohana ʻia ka decoction o nā hua a me nā lau e nā mea lapaʻau ku pono e mālama i ka gangrene, ʻhē a me nā ihu.
