ʻO Blueberry kahi huaʻulu huaʻa mai ke henc Vaccinium, ʻohana Heather. I waena o nā kānaka, ʻike pū ʻia ka mea kanu me nā inoa gonobob, pālule, ʻōpala kolamu, juniper, manga waina, a me ka blueberry. Ua ulu ia ma ka ʻĀkau Hemolele, mai ke kahalulu i ka Tundra. Makemake makemake ʻo Blueberries i ka ua, nā wahi neʻe, ka nahele, nā ʻuleu peat a me nā ʻōpū kahawai. Ua kaulana loa ka mea kanu no kāna mau meaʻai ʻono a me ke olakino. Akā hiki i nā blueberries ke lilo i kuila no ka māla. ʻO nā kumulāʻau huluhulu me nā lau liʻiliʻi, ʻulaʻula hoʻi i ka hāʻule, a me nā hua uliuli he mea hoihoi loa. Nui nā ʻano hua blueberries o nā māla hua manu i hana hou ʻia, a e huki pono i ka huaʻai, no laila, ʻaʻohe pono ʻoe e ʻimi i nā hua momona i loko o ka ulu lāʻau a i loko paha.
ʻO ka wehewehe lāʻau
ʻO Blueberry kahi kuʻuna o ka makahiki ma kahi o 30-50 cm kiʻekiʻe (i kekahi manawa a hiki i 1 m). ʻO nā makahiki ola o ka mea kanu he 90-100 mau makahiki. E ulu kūleʻa a nānā iki paha nā pua lignified. Ua uhiʻia lākou i ka mālamalama māmā a i ʻole kaʻulaʻula. ʻO ka rhizome o ka mea kanu he fibrous, superficial. Ma muli o ka hala ʻole o nā lauoho o ke aʻa, koi ka hanana maʻamau i ka simbiosis me nā fungi (mycorrhiza).
ʻO nā lau nui ma nā petiole liʻiliʻi e ulu kū'ē. He hiʻi paʻa ko lākou a me ke ʻano oval i ke kaʻe e hoʻopuni ai. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lau ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma mua o 3 cm lōʻihi a hiki i 2.5 cm ākea.A uhi ʻia ke aniani i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo waxy ʻokoʻa e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi a'ōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao lipe flip, ʻike iki ʻia ka vein kikowaena koʻikoʻi. I ka hāʻule, ua hoʻomaka nā huaʻai i ʻulaʻula a hāʻule i ka hāʻule.
Mai ka makahiki o 17-17, ua pua nā blueberries. Hōʻike nā pua i ka Mei. Heʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi lākou, loaʻa i ke ʻano lau a lawelawe ʻole i nā ʻāpana kūleʻa a hiki i 20 mau ʻāpana. Hoʻokumu kēlā me kēia corolla i kahi peduncle maʻalahi. Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻoluʻolu paha nā petals i ka kala.
Ma hope o ka hoʻohemo ʻana, ʻūhā a ʻōpū paha i nā hua momona i mua o ke kauwela. Mai ka manawa ke loaʻa ai kahi kala, e lilo i mau lā hou no nā hua e lilo i palupalu a me ka momona. Loaʻa i ka ʻili ka paila a ʻulaʻula a uliuli paha me kahi panana waxy. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka berry e loaʻa i 12 mm. Nui loa ka hopena o nā blueberries, mai kahi lāʻau i hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili a hiki i 10 kg o nā hua. ʻO ke paona o kēlā me kēia pae i 10-25 g.
ʻO nā Blueberries a he blueberries paha
Ma muli o ka like o waho o nā lāʻau a me nā huaʻai, ua hele pinepine nā blueberries i nā blueberries. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea ua pili kokoke nā mea kanu a lilo i keʻano like. Nui nā ʻano ʻokoʻa:
- ʻOi loa ka pili o nā blueberries a kokoke i nā lālā nā laha ma ka honua;
- ʻoi aku ka momona a ʻono māmā;
- hūnā ka wai o nā hua blueberry, ʻaʻole ia i pala lima a me nā kapa;
- ke ʻano ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano o nā blueberries, aʻo nā blueberries hiki ke alo.
Loaʻa nā ʻano punahele o nā blueberries
Nui nā subspecies o blueberries: marsh (ʻūkaukau, stunted), māla (kiʻekiʻe, ʻAmelika), honu nāhelehele (waena-lōʻihi, me nā lau liʻiliʻi a me nā huaʻai). No nā kumu hoʻolālā a e loaʻa i ka hōʻiliʻili nui, ʻoi nā ʻano māla e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
- Pūnaewele. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Shrub me nā pua kuʻi a hiki i ka 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe o ka puna i uhi ʻia i nā lau ʻulaʻula nani e hoʻololi i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka Mei, ua ʻike ʻia nā pua keʻokeʻo nui, a i ke kauwela, nui i nā ʻōpala nui o nā ʻāpana polū-ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻāpana he 2 cm ka lōʻihi.
- Patriot. Kahi mole nāwaliwali palupalu 1.5-2 m kiʻekiʻe i kahi lei lei mānoanoa. I ka hopena o Iulai, he mau ʻōpala lauwila o nā hua pāpaʻu me ka lepo lepo ʻē aʻe.
- Bluegold. ʻO kahi ulu lāʻau loloa a hiki i ka 1,2 m ke kiʻekiʻe a ke kau i ka hua o nā hua ʻulaʻo uliuli ʻulaʻula e kākā ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake
- Duke. Ke lūlū nei ka ulu lāʻau ulu 120-180 cm lōʻihi i ke waena waena o Iulai ma kahi e hua ai kahi hua o nā hua kukui uliuli nui. Hāʻawi ke aloha-aloha i nā ʻano kūpono i ka 8 kg o nā hua mai ka ulu lāʻau.
- Ka muliwai. Kūleʻa nā wana kūwaha palupalu. ʻO ko lākou kiʻekiʻe he 170-200 cm. I ka hapalua o Iune, ua hoʻomaka ka hua ʻalaʻula kukui nui. Ua hoʻāʻo maikaʻi lākou a ʻae maikaʻi i ka halihali.
- Puʻuwai Kokoke paha kahi ulu lāʻau ulu i ka hua i ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻAukake. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī ka nui o nā huaʻa (a hiki i 3 cm ‘ana). Ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka ʻili polū māmā a i kahi ʻano a puni.
- Chandler. Hāʻawi kahi wikiwiki i ka nahele kiwikāmike 1.5 m kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi i kahi nui (a hiki i ka 2.5 cm ke anawaena) nā hua aila polū.
- Hikina Kahi lāʻau (100-120 cm) pua me kahi lei ākea, pīhoihoi a me nā lau oval liʻiliʻi i uhi ʻia e ka hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli ʻulaʻula i ka hopena o Iulai.
- Blue Denis. Kaulana kahi kiʻekiʻe (150-180 cm) kaulana, ʻaʻole wale no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, akā, no nā mea hoʻohanohano kiʻekiʻe. Ma waena o ka emerald liʻiliʻi e waiho i ka pua nani a me nā pua melipani kukui. Ma hope o ka hoʻohemo, ua ʻāpala nui nā hua uliuli nui.
- ʻĀina ʻĀkau. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 60 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi ia i kahiʻano maʻalahi, akā makemake nā hua momona a ʻono loa. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia ʻano i ka lepo a pale i ka hau.
- Mea kupanaha. ʻO nā hohola ʻana i nā wana i luna o 1.8 m ke kiʻekiʻe he nui nā kaʻina hana. I ka wa waena o ke kauwela, loaʻa nā poli polū o ka ʻulaʻula polū-polū i hua pālū me nā ʻala ʻāʻī, ʻoi ke ʻano o ka ʻili.
Nā ʻōnaʻi
A kūpono kekahi mau ala kūpono no nā blueberries e ulu ana.
Ke ulu mai nei nā huaʻaina. Pono e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā huaila mai nā hua maikaʻi maikaʻi mai nā lāʻau maikaʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou mai ka pulima, holoi a maloʻo. I ka pūnāwai, ma hope o ka stratification, ua lūlū ʻia nā hua ʻai i loko o nā pahu me ka lepo a me ka lepo lepo i kahi hohonu o 5 mm. Nā ipu ka mea i kahi mahana o + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Hoʻopili pinepine ka lepo. I nā makahiki 2, e ulu ana nā mea kanu ma kahi hoʻokahi. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai a wehe i ka lepo e kokoke ana i nā aʻa. Mai ke kolu o ka makahiki, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā lāʻau blueberry i loko o ka māla.
ʻOki ʻoki - ke kumu kaulana loa i waena o nā māla. E ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpio ma ke kō a me ke kauwela, a ʻo ka lignified e ʻoki ʻia mai ka ngahā. Pono nā ʻāpana he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 15 cm. ʻO ke ʻoki liʻiliʻi loa i hana ʻia i lalo i lalo o ka puʻu. Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ka hoʻoulu ulu ʻana, e kūleʻa nā ʻoki i loko o nā pā me ka lepo e loaʻa ana i ka one 70%. Mālama ʻia lākou ma lalo o ke kaʻe no ka 2 mau mahina. Ke ulu ka rhizome a puka mai nā pua hou, hiki ke neʻe ʻia ka malu.
ʻĀpana o ka ulu lāʻau. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻoaka liʻiliʻi i kekahi mau māhele. I ka pūnāwai, ua ʻili nui ʻia ka mea kanu a ua ʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā aʻa me nā pua a i ʻole nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Ma hope koke o ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana, mālama ʻia nā pūnaewele o nā ʻāpana i ka ulia a me ka delenki i kanu ʻia.
Nā ʻāpana kolo. Ua pohō iki ʻia ka ʻili ma luna o ka lālā lae, a laila hoʻomomi iā ia i ka ʻāina a hoʻoponopono. E hoʻoulu pinepine ʻia ka lau ʻana. E lawe ia i ka aʻa i kēia makahiki, akā ke kaʻawale nei a me ke neʻe ʻana i ka hana ma hope o 2 mau makahiki wale nō.
Kūʻai a mālama mālama
No nā blueberries, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i kahi kihi i palekana o ka mahina ʻai. He kūpono ka wahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pā, ka paia a i ʻole ma nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. Makemake ka mea kanu i nā wahi kanu maikaʻi-maikaʻi, akā maʻamau i ulu i loko o kahi pale pale.
Hana maikaʻi loa ka loi ma ka waena waena a i ka puna mua. E like me mea kanu huaʻai, kanu ʻia nā blueberries i nā lālani me ka mamao o kahi o 1 m ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau a me 2-3 m ma ke ala. A laila e lawa nā mālamalama no nā ʻāina a loaʻa kūpono ia e mālama iā lākou. E ulu maikaʻi ka huki i ka lepo acidic. Inā pono, ua lawa ka nui o ke one a me ka maʻa i loko o ka ʻāina. Hoʻopili i nā aʻa i ka lua o ka kanu kanu ʻana a uhi ʻia ka wīwī i ka ʻāina kūleʻa ʻole me nā mea hoʻohui. Hoʻopili ka ua aʻa a pili i ka 3-5 cm.
I ka hopena o ke kanu ʻana, ua hoʻoulu nui ka mau lāʻau a hoʻomōhulu i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāina me ka ʻōpala i paʻu ʻia, ka ʻōpala, a me nā luʻu. E kōkua kēia i ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kaʻa maka palū ma ka lewa. Akā naʻe, mau manawa i ka manawa o ka honua ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka honua. ʻO nā aʻa ka 10-15 cm wale mai ka ihu, no laila e hana ʻia ka hana me ka akahele. Pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ʻōpala.
Pono ka Blueberries i ka hāʻawi pinepine ʻana. Pono ka honua ma nā aʻa e maloʻo iki, akā naʻe ka pohō o ka wai no ka ʻelua mau lā i ka hala. I ka nele ʻana o ka ua, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā pā o 1 mau wai ma lalo o ka lae i ʻelua mau manawa i ka pule. Hana ʻia ka lawaiʻa maikaʻi ma ke kakahiaka a i ʻole kokoke i ka lā. ʻOiai ma ka hopena o ke kauwela, i ka wā e hōʻiliʻili ai, he mea nui ia e hoʻomau i ka wai ʻana i nā blueberries, no ka mea ke kū nei i kēia manawa nā pua pua hou. He mea nui no hoʻi ka pīpī i ka lāʻau āpau i nā lā wela, akā ʻaʻole i ke awakea.
I mea e nui ai ka hua, e pono ke kanu pinepine ʻia nā blueberries. ʻAʻohe hihia e hoʻohana i nā mea ola. No ka mālama i ka nui o ka waikawa o ka lepo, kahi hoʻonā o ka lemū colloidal, citric acid a i ʻole 1,1% electrolyte no ka pākaukau i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka lole ʻaʻahu mua ma mua o ka pua ʻana, ʻo ka lua i ka wā o ka pua, a ʻo ka mea hope i ka wā e ʻala nā hua.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā blueberries e kau i ka pruning kauoha, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka compactness, decorativeness a me nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka wā maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka puna ma mua o ke ʻano o ka pua. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumulāʻau kōpala ma luna o nā lāʻau ʻōpio hiki ke kū i ka ukana nui. Hiki ke ʻokiʻoki i nā hua lāʻau i ka hapalua. Wehe ʻia nā ʻōpala maloʻo a maloʻo i ka makahiki o ka waihona. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā mea kanu keu ma mua o 5 mau makahiki i ka ʻāina e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. He mea nui hoʻi ia e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi lei i pāpale nui, no ka mea me ka ikaika o ka ikaika, e lilo ka pua i nui i ka nui o ka lau, a ua maikaʻi nā huaʻai.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Blueberries e ke kū maikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hau, akā i ka maloʻo haki (ma lalo -25 ° C) i ka hāʻule ʻole ʻana o ka hau i nā pua manuahi. E pale i kēia, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ke kāʻili ʻia nā lālā i ka lepo a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka twine a i ʻole kaula. Hoʻopau ʻia nā lau a me nā hua kōʻai ma luna, a ma ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo hoʻoheheʻe. I ka wā ulu mua, pono ia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea pale a pau ʻole ka make o ka mea kanu.
Me ke koho kūpono o kahi a me ka mālama, ʻaʻole nui nā maʻi blueberries a ākea pinepine ʻia e nā pepeke. Inā kū pinepine ka wai i ka lepo, hina ka hina, hina ka lālā, ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ʻelua puli paha. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia, pono e mālama pono i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo a me ka wehe ʻana i ka wai nui. Ua ʻoki a hoʻopau ʻia nā lālā maʻi maʻi maʻi, a mālama ʻia nā ola olakino me nā fungicide ("Topaz", likido Bordeaux, "Topsin").
Hiki i ka bugs ke hoʻopilikia i ka mea kanu ka nui, akā nā aphids, nā inikini nui, a me nā pine pine. E hōʻiliʻili pinepine ʻia nā Parasites a mālama ʻia me kahi mea make pūpū. A no ka hoʻomō ʻole ʻia nā mea kanu i nā huaole, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hana pale no ka puna mua, ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i nā pua.
Loaʻa nā huaʻai Berry
ʻO nā Blueberries kahi kumu o nā mea kanu. Hiki iā lākou ke pale, hoʻoikaika a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kino o ke kanaka. Aia ka wai i nā huaora (A, B1, B2, K, C), nā waikawa amino, nā mea ʻelima a me nā macro. ʻO kēia mau mea i hoʻoneʻe aku i nā metala radioactive, hoʻoikaika i nā kahe koko, hoʻoikaika i ka pā ʻana o ke kaʻa, kōkua me nā anuanu a me nā tonsillitis, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko.
Nā kīʻaha, tincture, mālama i ka hoʻohui me ka hoʻohui wale ʻana i nā hua wale nō, akā ke waiho nei hoʻi i nā lau o nā ʻūlū a me ke ʻala, hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻike, hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻāʻīpū o ka ʻiʻo. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻonaninani no ka maʻi maʻi a me ka makemake e hana i nā tumors.
ʻAʻohe o contraindications ʻo Blueberries. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono ia e hoʻohana me ka liʻiliʻi, e like me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā huaʻa i loko o ke kino e alakaʻi i nā maʻi kūlohelohe, nā mākaʻi, nā huaka o ka ʻōpū a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka leo o ka ʻiʻo.
