Pāla māla ma Central Russia

He lālā kekahi o ka ʻohana Rosaceae. ʻO kēia lāʻau hua ma ka wao nahele ua kahele ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika mai nā palena hema a hiki i ka 55-60 ° ʻākau ʻākau. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe Helene nā hua pā i ke kanu lāʻau ma ʻEulopa. Ma Lūkini, ʻo Josef Gertner, ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka hua kila a me ka luna hoʻomohala o ka Botanical Garden o St. Petersburg Academy of Science, ua hoʻomaka i nā hana hoʻoulu e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena o nā hua a hoʻonui i ka hau kū kūʻaleʻa o nā pears i ka kenekulia 18. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano o kēia ʻano hua lāʻau i hana maikaʻi ʻia ma Central Russia.

Pehea e koho ai i ka mea nui loa, ...

I kēia lā, he mau kaukani o nā ʻano he nui. Mai kēia ʻano, makemake wau e koho i ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka mea e leʻaleʻa i ka ʻohana āpau me nā mea nani a me nā hua momona. He aha nā hiʻohiʻona o ke koho ʻana i kahi māla no kou māla? ʻO ka mea mua, ma ke ʻano o ke noi - makemake lākou e kanu i kahi kumulāʻau a i ʻole paha i ka hua lāʻau ma kā lākou pūnaewele.

Kālana makana

Kuhi iki ʻia kā mākou mau māla a me nā pā pono pilikino i nā peʻa hoʻonani, ʻoiai ke ʻano hoihoi nei kēia mau lāʻau a hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia i nā hoʻolālā ʻāina i nā māka i Central Russia. ʻO kahi kumu hoʻohālikelike o nā kumulāʻau pēpē ke ʻano he loosestrife.

Pahu leʻaleʻa

ʻO kēia kumulāʻau lāʻau, a iʻoi aʻe i ʻeono mau kiʻekiʻe, ke kū e kū nei i kahi kūmole o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe me kahi lei spherical me nā lālā pihi i uhi ʻia me nā lau ʻala liʻiliʻi. I ka lāʻelima -ʻApelila, nānāʻo ia i ka nani i ka lole pua keʻokeʻo. Liʻiliʻi nā hua, ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAi ʻia lākou. Haumaha nō ka lāʻau, hiki ke ulu ma luna o ka ʻāina kahū a i ʻole ke kūlana kauhale i makemake nui ʻia no nā mea kanu, aloha nui i ka ʻula, ʻoluʻolu e ola i ka make, akā ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai.

ʻO ka loosestrife pear ma ke kiʻi

Kina paina

Kūʻai pinepine nā hua lāʻau o kēia ʻano ma Central Russia ma nā kumulāʻau ʻuna. ʻAi ʻia ka pila i nā mahana i nā haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, akā nā ʻano me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā ʻōpio mua e ʻae ai i ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā kūlana o nā manawa lōʻihi ʻole a me nā welau loloa.

ʻAʻohe ʻano makaʻu o nā huaʻai i ka hau

ʻO ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka hau haki ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻano ʻaila o ko lākou mau wehewehe i ka huaʻōlelo hoʻokahi - kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi ka liʻiliʻi ma nā mea e hiki ai i kahi lāʻau ke lawe me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino o nā leka: "ma ka pae o nā ʻano peʻa Lūkia kahiko" a i ʻole ma ka pae o nā ʻano Bessemninka ". No nā māla: ʻo nā hua pā o nā ʻano Lūkia kahiko a me Bessemyanka, inā paha, kū i ka hau i ka -38 ° C, kā lākou pua pua - a hiki i -34 ° C, a me ka ovari - a hiki i -2 ° C. Ke hoʻāʻo nei i nā ʻano peʻa no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka papa inoa moku'āina, lawelawe kēia mau hōʻailona ma ke ʻano he kūlana. ʻO ka papa ma lalo nei e pili ana i nā ʻano pī ka ʻenehana, kahi i ka mea kū i ke kūlohelohe paha e pili pono i nā mea e pili ana i ka mea.

ʻO ka papaʻaina o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā ʻano pīpī-paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo

ʻO ** Kopyetso kekahi lālā o 8-10 cm lōʻihi, pololei a noho ma ke kihi ʻākau ma kahi lālā nui. * ʻO Kolchatka kahi lālā liʻiliʻi a hiki i 6 cm lōʻihi. He pihi lau a maikaʻi i ka hopena.

ʻO kekahi mau ʻano pīpī pale hau i ka kiʻi

Ke koho i kahi peʻa no ka kanu ʻana, pono ia e noʻonoʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka wahi e ulu ai ka lāʻau. ʻO nā mea nui o kahi pūnaewele e pono nō: he nui ka manawa kūpono no ka kanu ʻana i kahi lāʻau hou, nā mea kanu i laila, a pēlā aku. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻokoʻa loa nā lāʻau pia i ka wā paʻakikī wale nō ka hoʻoilo a me ka ʻala. Kūʻokoʻa loa lākou:

• ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mea kanu pākeke - mai ka dwarf a kiʻekiʻe;
• ʻano o ka lei aliʻi - ākea, ʻokoʻa a poʻo paha;
• ʻano 'koho' ana - e nui ana a i 'ole kekahi mau lāʻau ma ka pūnaewele no ka ohi ai;
• hua nui - nui, ʻōmole a liʻiliʻi paha;
• nā ʻāpana huaʻai - momona, momona a ʻono a i ʻole ke kala me ka ʻawaʻawa.

He aha ka mea e pili ai i ke kiʻekiʻe

Hoʻohui ʻokoʻa ka ʻili i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hui e like me ke kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai ka lāʻau i ka hapaʻumi o ke ola.

Nā ʻano momona

Hoʻomaka ka lei aliʻi o nā pears kiʻekiʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1.5-1.8 m mai ka lepo, a ʻo ka huina o ka lāʻau a hiki i ʻeono mau mika. He paʻakikī koʻikoʻi nā hana e mālama ai iā lākou a ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma muli o ke kūlana o nā lālā ma kahi kiʻekiʻe nui. Hiki i kekahi mea hoʻokalakupua o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ke lawelawe i ka ʻala o nā ʻano Chernenko.

ʻO ka nani Chernenko i ke kiʻi

I loko o ka papa inoa o ke Kōmike Moku'āina o ka Lūkini Rūkini no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hoʻokō i nā koho koho ʻana, ʻāpono ʻia ka huaʻaiole o ka Beauty Chernenko no ka māla ʻana ma ka Lūkini Lūkini. E kū ana ka lei kiʻekiʻe o ka mākina pyramidal o kēia lāʻau ulu i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 m. ʻO ka huahana o ka Beauty Chernenko e kūmau a hiki i ka nui o 12,7 tons no ka hekahi. ʻO nā hua i uhi ʻia me ka pehu keʻokeʻo-melemele maikaʻi me kahi pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo maikaʻi ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 200 g kēlā. ʻO kahi mea kūpono maikaʻi o ka ʻano like o ka pale ʻana i ka māla e scab.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kanu, hiki iaʻu ke ʻike i kahi mākeke pana maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi - pono ia e loaʻa i ka ʻāpoʻina - ʻili a peʻī i nā kihi o nā lālā, a makemake lākou e nānā - no nā kākala maikaʻi, pono nā lālā.

He moʻopuna a Michurin, ʻo Michurinsk

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Waimea

I nā lāʻau pear i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia pūʻulu, ʻo ka mamao ma nā lālā liʻiliʻi i ka lepo mai ka 60 a 150 cm. ʻO nā kuʻuna o kēia ʻano he mau i loaʻa i loko o nā keʻena kauwela a me nā māla mahi o nā māla ʻoi. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau lāʻau i ka 5 m. Ua hoʻāla ka hua pā o ka ʻano Vidnaya i nā lālā o ka lei aliʻi-pyramidal ma kēia kiʻekiʻe.

ʻ Vislelo ʻike ʻia i ka kiʻi o ke kiʻi

ʻOno koʻu ʻono me ka momona ʻole. ʻO nā mea paʻakikī a paʻakikī hoʻi i loaʻa kahi ono. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano ua hua i ka hua i nā kani kani (ʻoiai, i ke ʻano, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka wehewehe ʻo VNIISPK). Hoʻopilikia ka aʻa paha i ka aʻa. A i ʻole he papa ʻokoʻa.

yri Trubchevsk, wahi ʻo Bryansk

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Hiki i kēia pila ke kū i nā frosts hoʻoilo a -30 ° C. Ulu ka lāʻau a hiki i 4 m kiʻekiʻe. I loko o kona lei aliikuni, nā hua ʻoni-melemele o ke kaupaona ʻana he 120 g kēlā me kēia ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa. Loaʻa ka hopena i loaʻa i nā makahiki he nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nui o 12,2 t / ha.

ʻOno koʻu ʻono me ka momona ʻole. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a paʻakikī hoʻi i kahi mea momona hou. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano ua hua i ka hua i nā kani kani (ʻoiai, i ke ʻano, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka wehewehe ʻo VNIISPK). Hoʻopilikia ka aʻa paha i ka aʻa. A i ʻole he papa ʻokoʻa.

yri Trubchevsk, wahi ʻo Bryansk

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Lōwahi

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāpana i nā lālā o nā pears ma mua o 40 cm. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi lāʻau pākeke e pili ana i 3 m. Ua pinepine, loaʻa nā lāʻau like i ke kulu ʻā ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano ma ka palaka dwarf. Akā aia nā ʻano dwarf o kēia mea kanu. ʻO ka mākaʻi ʻo Chizhovskaya ka mea maoli, ʻo ia ka mea i ulu mai kahi hua a ʻokiʻoki a ʻoki ʻia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka loaʻa ʻana iā ia ma kahi kumu lāʻau dwarf.

ʻUha like ʻole ʻo Chizhovskaya i ke kiʻi

ʻAe ʻia ka lei oval o ka pou Chizhovskaya ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe i kahi o 2.5 m. Ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlohelohe o ka hua ʻōlelo - a hiki i -30 ° C. Kōlepa-ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi laʻa ono-ʻono makemake, nā hua kaupaʻa 100-120 g ʻōpala i ka hopena o ʻAukake a i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa. Wahi a nā mea kīhāpai punahele, ʻo kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i ka 50 kg o nā huaʻai mai nā mea kanu o Chizhovskaya pear.

Hoʻomaka ʻo Pear Chizhovskaya e hoʻohua i ka hua no 2 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua kanu, e hua ana i ka hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua ʻeha ʻo ia i ka momona ma ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo ʻole me nā hopena ʻike ʻole.

ʻO Vyacheslav Samara

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Ke ʻano ʻona

ʻO kahi ʻano kalauni o kahi pōpō i ka wā e hiki mai paha ke koho i ka wā e koho ai i kahi ʻano huiki. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka ʻona i noho ai e ka ʻōnaehana kumu o kahi lāʻau i paʻa pū me ka hoʻolālā o kona lei. ʻAʻole nui nā māla o nā māla no ka ulu ʻana i nā huaʻala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā lāʻau me kahi lei ākea - pyramidal paʻa.

Inā nui kahi laula, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā kī me nā lei ākea - oval a i ʻona paha. ʻO nā lei o nā kumulāʻau e like me ka wā mua o ka makahiki kanu e koi ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wā e hiki ʻole i nā lālā o ka wā e haki i lalo o ke kaumaha o ka hua.

A e lilo nā wahi liʻiliʻi loa e hali ʻia e nā ʻano lāʻau kihi o kēia lāʻau hua. ʻAʻole pono ka lei o kēlā mau lāʻau i ka kūkulu ʻana. Hāpai lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino wale ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​mea hōʻila makamae inā pono.

ʻO ka mea koho pollinator

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana Rosaceae e pono ai ka cross-pollination e hoʻonoho i nā hua. ʻO ka cross-pollination he ʻano pollination inā ka pollen o kahi mea kanu like o nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ma kahi ʻano like ʻole, pono nō e hāʻule i ka pua o kahi mea kanu like ʻole. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pears ʻaʻole kēia i kēia kānāwai.

ʻO ka pīpī mai kekahi pua pua a kekahi i kahi ʻē aʻe e lawe ʻia e nā meli a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe, akā ma nā kūlana o Central Russia, ʻoi pinepine, i ka wā o ka pua ʻana i nā pears, ke anuanu, ua ua a he makani paha paha e hoʻopilikia me ka popocination. Mahalo i nā hana a nā mea aloha, ua puka mai nā ʻano lāʻau pā pono e pono ai ka lakou pono iho wale nō e hua. Kahi ʻia kēlā ʻano ʻoi ʻoi me ka ʻano he kūlohelohe a pilikino paha. ʻO ka papa inoa o kēia māhele o nā mea kanu i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo iho nā ʻano peʻa i kakau ʻia i loko o ka helu mokuʻāina.

• Chizhovskaya;
  

  ʻO nā hua o ka hua pā Chizhovskaya

• I mea hoʻomanaʻo no Yakovlev
  
  

  ʻO nā hua o ka paina ʻano like o Yakovlev

• Rogneda;
  

  ʻO ka lālā Rogneda me nā hua pī

• Hoʻonui ʻia mai Michurinsk;
  

  Kūpono me nā hua hua o ka mana pear Skorospelka mai Michurinsk

• ʻO Klapp punahele;
  

  Nā hua ʻala o ka pear hua Lubimitsa Klappa

• ʻAukā
  

  Kahi lālā lālā me nā hua pā

• ʻO Maria wale nō.
  

  Kēlā me nā hua o ka hua pā Just Maria

ʻO ka pa nui

ʻO ka hua pā i ka nui, a ma muli o ke kaupaona, hiki ke nui, lahilahi a liʻiliʻi paha. Manaʻo nā hua pā liʻiliʻi i ka ʻepekema. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau hou, akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēlā mau ʻōnaka no ka hoʻoili ʻana. Kuhi ʻia nā hua nui a me nā ʻaina no ka papaʻaina (ʻai ʻai hou) a i ʻole ka honua (no ka meaʻai a me ka mālama ʻana).

ʻO nā pā ʻaina nui a me nā ʻaoʻao nui no ko lākou manaʻo no ka lumi ʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi, e ʻai ʻia e ʻai hou, a i ʻole he kaiapuni ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, e kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana i ka pūleo a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana - ka uka, ke kaʻa, a me ka ʻaina, ka home canning, etc. Hōʻike ka papa ʻaina i nā ʻano kuʻuna maʻamau loa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou ma ka iho ʻana o ka paona ʻana o nā paona hua.

ʻOhi pā pāpaʻa hua pā

Pau ka hua ʻā

I ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano huaʻai i ka papa inoa o ka mokuʻāina ke hōʻike nei i ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana mai ke kauwela a hiki i ka hopena o ka hopena. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā lā kikoʻī no ka mea ke hilinaʻi nei i ke kūlana i ka wā i kēia makahiki a me ka pā o ka pua kaho. Akā ua paʻa nā māla lāʻau i nā hana like ʻole o kēia mau manawa me nā lā kalena kūikawā.

ʻAla ʻaina kea

ʻO nā māla kūlohelohe hiki wale nō ke loaʻa i kahi hua o nā hua ʻala ʻono ma Central Russia. ʻAʻole pono ka maʻi Frost-ʻano o kēia lāʻau hua i ka mālama kūikawā. Me ke koho kūpono o nā ʻano like a me ka nānā ʻana i nā lula no ka ulu ʻana i nā pears, hāʻawi lākou i kahi hua makahiki i mau makahiki.