Golshtinsky (Holstein-Friesian) pua hānai o nā bipi - kekahi o nā mea iʻimi loaʻia a kaulana i ka honua.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa i loko USA, Kanada, kekahi mau'āinaʻEulopa, akā i kēia manawa ua ulu nui ma nā wahi'ē aʻe o ka honua.
ʻO ka moʻolelo o kaʻohana Holstein
He moʻolelo pilikino kēia. Kuhiʻo ia mai nā bipiʻeleʻele a me nā bipi keʻokeʻolaweʻia USA i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ka mea mua loaʻo Burenka i kūʻaiʻia e kekahi mea mahiʻaiʻAmelika. V. Cheneri i ka makahiki 1852 ma ka Netherlands.
Ua mahaloʻo ia i ka huahua o ka pua, a ma muli o nā makahiki he nui o ka hānauʻana, ua laweʻo ia i kahi hou, aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻo ia Holstein-Friesianakā i ka makahiki 1980 loaʻa ka inoa Golshtinsky.
In 1861 Uaʻikeʻiaʻo ia i ke america, a me 10 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Holstein-Frisian Breeding Society, a uaʻikeʻia kā lākou puke. E 1905 ma ka'āina i hala aku i mua o 7,000 mau poʻo o kēiaʻano.
Uaʻikeʻia nā holoholona i nā hua kiʻekiʻe a maikaʻi loa o ka waiū i huaʻia.. Ua hoʻohana mauʻiaʻo Holstein-friezes i ka hānauʻana no ka heleʻana me nāʻano hānaiʻai'ē aʻe.
Aia kekahi nāʻanoʻona o nā bipi hānai, e like me: Black motley, Jersey, Simmental, Aishir, Red Steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory.
ʻO keʻano o nā bipi
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o Holsteins hoʻopunipuni. ʻO ia me keʻokeʻo me nā wahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele nui.
Aia kekahi poʻe o kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, akā he mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo wale nō ma nā wāwae a me ka huelo.
Nā kikowaena kikowaena:
- he nui, nui i hoʻonuiʻia i ka hoʻokupu;
- ka hohonu o ka umauma ʻO 80-87 knmke ākea 65 wm;
- ikaika loa;
- lōʻihi, a me nā poʻohiwi i hoʻonui maikaʻiʻia;
- hoʻi i luna 63 cm;
- He kino nui ke kino.
Ke nānā nuiʻia ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka pepa kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka nui o ka nui.
Nāʻano
Golshtinsky - ʻo ka bipi kauō ma ka honua. ʻO ka momona a me ka momona momona e hilinaʻiʻia ma nāʻano o ka mālamaʻana a me kaʻaiʻana. Eia kekahi lā, i Israel mai ka mea hoʻokahi ke loaʻa e pili ana i 10 taona o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahikime ʻaʻole nui ka momona ma mua o 3%. In ʻAmelika Heʻano likeʻole kēia mau kiʻi: 8 kekona ma ka makahikiakā ʻoi aku ka momona i ka 3.5%.
I ka lā hiki i kahi wahine wahine ke hāʻawi iʻoi aku i 70 kg o ka waiū. Meka piʻiʻana o ka waiū kokoke i ka lulu 2.5 kg / min.
Hiki ke hoʻololi ke kaumaha o ka holoholona makua. mai 600 (heifers) a hiki i 1000 kg (bipi). Me kaʻoihana hoʻonuiʻia, hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i 900 a 1300 kg. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe i ka mea nāna iʻoki i ka bipi 145 cm, aʻo ka bipi - iʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 m.
ʻO Nānau Hou ʻO ke kaumaha o nā bipi he 35-45 kg. Piʻi nā bipi bipi a loaʻa ka mamafa i ka wikiwiki. I ka makahiki i loaʻa iā lākou ʻo ke kaumaha he 250-300 kgno ka meaʻaʻole nā mea lawaiʻa keʻano maʻamau. Akā ʻo kaʻoihana o kā lākouʻai he mea haʻahaʻa,ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 60%.
Hoʻokaʻaʻike
Photo "Golshtinskoy" pua bipi:
Nutrition a mālama
Kokoke loa nā kau bipi Holstein a me ka noiʻana i kaʻai a me ka mālama. Ma keʻano o Siberia, ka'āpana'ākau o Rūsia, kokoke lākou e ola. ʻO lākou makemake nā kūlana palekana kūikawā a me nā hiʻohiʻona wela, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i ka pale, holoi a me nā moe hou.
Ma ka mahiʻai, mālama nuiʻia lākou ma kahi kolohe. Inā hahaiʻoleʻia kēia mau kauoha, loaʻa nā holoholona i ka emi iki o ka pāʻani.. Hiki paha iā lākou ke maʻi i nā maʻiʻeha.
He mea nui: ʻAʻole i manaʻoʻia no ka laweʻana i nā mākua.. ʻAʻole lākou eʻae i ka kaʻaʻana a me nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau ma muli o ko lākouʻike kiʻekiʻe i ke kaumaha.
ʻO kēlā me kēia keʻeʻana i nā manawa maʻamau i ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiū a me ke kaumaha o ka holoholona. ʻO kēia mau bipi makemake i nā meaʻai ikaika, palekana a me nāʻano likeʻole.
I ka hoʻoilo i ka meaʻai a lākou e pono ai ke noho ma kahi ka kānana, ka mauʻu momona, meaʻai nui, meaʻai, me nā melaki, mau hua o ke aʻa, sila, maikaʻi o ka hay. I ke kauwela pono e hāʻawi i ka mana ka ulu hou a me ka hānai.
ʻO nā maʻi
Holstein kau maikaʻi loa ka olakino. He ikaika loa lākou, a hiki ke maʻi wale nō ināʻaʻole lākou e hahai i nā lula o ka mālama.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka nānā i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻealaila hiki i kekahi holoholona ke maʻi i nā maʻiʻehae like me necrobacteriosis a leptospirosis.
Hanaʻia ka lāʻau ma hope o ka hoʻokolokoloʻokoʻa, ma ka hanaʻana i ka intramuscular. nā lāʻauʻokoʻa.
He mea nui: Me kaʻike ma nā hoʻolimalima aia ma laila ka pilikia o mastitis.
ʻO ka pōʻino Heʻuʻuku loa ka lōʻihi o nā bipi. Ma keʻano kūlana,ʻaʻole lākou e mālama i nāʻoihanaʻekolu.
Nā mana e hoʻoihoʻia
I ka hoʻouluʻana o ka momona,ʻo keʻano o nā'anikani maikaʻi keʻano nui. Hoʻohana pinepineʻia lākou no ka heleʻana me nāʻelele o nāʻano'ē aʻe, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka waiwai. ʻO ke kaumaha no ka hanaʻana i ka waiū he mea maikaʻi loa, akā, inā e mālama ponoʻia.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona ke kumu o ka hānauʻana ma nā'āina he nui. ʻO ka hana nui o ka hoʻouluʻana,ʻo ia ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā hōʻailonaʻai waleakā kaʻiʻo. E hoʻonui i ka huaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pono ana iāʻoe ka hoʻokomo 'ia.
I ka hoʻouluʻana a me ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o Holsteins, he mea nui ia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo aiʻaʻole maikaʻi maikaʻiakā kūpaʻa loa i nā lemu o kaʻike. Ke kohoʻana i kahi bipi, pono e noʻonoʻo i kēia mea pono'ī nā hua hānai. Eia kekahi, e koi ana i ka nui o ke kālā no ka hānaiʻana a mālamaʻana. ʻO ka'āina ma kahi iho ʻO Holstein wale nō ma keʻano o ka mālama pono.
