Kūʻai

ʻO kekahi o nāʻano kaulana a kaulana i nā bipi i ka honua nei,ʻo ka Holiki kapu ia.

Golshtinsky (Holstein-Friesian) pua hānai o nā bipi - kekahi o nā mea iʻimi loaʻia a kaulana i ka honua.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa i loko USA, Kanada, kekahi mau'āinaʻEulopa, akā i kēia manawa ua ulu nui ma nā wahi'ē aʻe o ka honua.

ʻO ka moʻolelo o kaʻohana Holstein

He moʻolelo pilikino kēia. Kuhiʻo ia mai nā bipiʻeleʻele a me nā bipi keʻokeʻolaweʻia USA i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ka mea mua loaʻo Burenka i kūʻaiʻia e kekahi mea mahiʻaiʻAmelika. V. Cheneri i ka makahiki 1852 ma ka Netherlands.

Ua mahaloʻo ia i ka huahua o ka pua, a ma muli o nā makahiki he nui o ka hānauʻana, ua laweʻo ia i kahi hou, aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻo ia Holstein-Friesianakā i ka makahiki 1980 loaʻa ka inoa Golshtinsky.

In 1861 Uaʻikeʻiaʻo ia i ke america, a me 10 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Holstein-Frisian Breeding Society, a uaʻikeʻia kā lākou puke. E 1905 ma ka'āina i hala aku i mua o 7,000 mau poʻo o kēiaʻano.

Uaʻikeʻia nā holoholona i nā hua kiʻekiʻe a maikaʻi loa o ka waiū i huaʻia.. Ua hoʻohana mauʻiaʻo Holstein-friezes i ka hānauʻana no ka heleʻana me nāʻano hānaiʻai'ē aʻe.

Aia kekahi nāʻanoʻona o nā bipi hānai, e like me: Black motley, Jersey, Simmental, Aishir, Red Steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory.

ʻO keʻano o nā bipi

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o Holsteins hoʻopunipuni. ʻO ia me keʻokeʻo me nā wahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele nui.

Aia kekahi poʻe o kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, akā he mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo wale nō ma nā wāwae a me ka huelo.

Nā kikowaena kikowaena
:

  • he nui, nui i hoʻonuiʻia i ka hoʻokupu;
  • ka hohonu o ka umauma ʻO 80-87 knmke ākea 65 wm;
  • ikaika loa;
  • lōʻihi, a me nā poʻohiwi i hoʻonui maikaʻiʻia;
  • hoʻi i luna 63 cm;
  • He kino nui ke kino.

Ke nānā nuiʻia ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka pepa kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka nui o ka nui.

Nāʻano

Golshtinsky - ʻo ka bipi kauō ma ka honua. ʻO ka momona a me ka momona momona e hilinaʻiʻia ma nāʻano o ka mālamaʻana a me kaʻaiʻana. Eia kekahi lā, i Israel mai ka mea hoʻokahi ke loaʻa e pili ana i 10 taona o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahikime ʻaʻole nui ka momona ma mua o 3%. In ʻAmelika Heʻano likeʻole kēia mau kiʻi: 8 kekona ma ka makahikiakā ʻoi aku ka momona i ka 3.5%.

In Russia a me Belarus loaʻa makahiki mai 7 a 7.5,000 kilokani. I nā manawa hoʻokahi ʻO ka mea momona heʻehā 4%.

I ka lā hiki i kahi wahine wahine ke hāʻawi iʻoi aku i 70 kg o ka waiū. Meka piʻiʻana o ka waiū kokoke i ka lulu 2.5 kg / min.

Hiki ke hoʻololi ke kaumaha o ka holoholona makua. mai 600 (heifers) a hiki i 1000 kg (bipi). Me kaʻoihana hoʻonuiʻia, hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i 900 a 1300 kg. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe i ka mea nāna iʻoki i ka bipi 145 cm, aʻo ka bipi - iʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 m.

ʻO Nānau Hou ʻO ke kaumaha o nā bipi he 35-45 kg. Piʻi nā bipi bipi a loaʻa ka mamafa i ka wikiwiki. I ka makahiki i loaʻa iā lākou ʻo ke kaumaha he 250-300 kgno ka meaʻaʻole nā ​​mea lawaiʻa keʻano maʻamau. Akā ʻo kaʻoihana o kā lākouʻai he mea haʻahaʻa,ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 60%.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike

Photo "Golshtinskoy" pua bipi:

Nutrition a mālama

Kokoke loa nā kau bipi Holstein a me ka noiʻana i kaʻai a me ka mālama. Ma keʻano o Siberia, ka'āpana'ākau o Rūsia, kokoke lākou e ola. ʻO lākou makemake nā kūlana palekana kūikawā a me nā hiʻohiʻona wela, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i ka pale, holoi a me nā moe hou.

Ma ka mahiʻai, mālama nuiʻia lākou ma kahi kolohe. Inā hahaiʻoleʻia kēia mau kauoha, loaʻa nā holoholona i ka emi iki o ka pāʻani.. Hiki paha iā lākou ke maʻi i nā maʻiʻeha.

He mea nui: ʻAʻole i manaʻoʻia no ka laweʻana i nā mākua.. ʻAʻole lākou eʻae i ka kaʻaʻana a me nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau ma muli o ko lākouʻike kiʻekiʻe i ke kaumaha.

ʻO kēlā me kēia keʻeʻana i nā manawa maʻamau i ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiū a me ke kaumaha o ka holoholona. ʻO kēia mau bipi makemake i nā meaʻai ikaika, palekana a me nāʻano likeʻole.

I ka hoʻoilo i ka meaʻai a lākou e pono ai ke noho ma kahi ka kānana, ka mauʻu momona, meaʻai nui, meaʻai, me nā melaki, mau hua o ke aʻa, sila, maikaʻi o ka hay. I ke kauwela pono e hāʻawi i ka mana ka ulu hou a me ka hānai.

ʻO nā maʻi

Holstein kau maikaʻi loa ka olakino. He ikaika loa lākou, a hiki ke maʻi wale nō ināʻaʻole lākou e hahai i nā lula o ka mālama.

Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka nānā i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻealaila hiki i kekahi holoholona ke maʻi i nā maʻiʻehae like me necrobacteriosis a leptospirosis.

Hanaʻia ka lāʻau ma hope o ka hoʻokolokoloʻokoʻa, ma ka hanaʻana i ka intramuscular. nā lāʻauʻokoʻa.

He mea nui: Me kaʻike ma nā hoʻolimalima aia ma laila ka pilikia o mastitis.

ʻO ka pōʻino Heʻuʻuku loa ka lōʻihi o nā bipi. Ma keʻano kūlana,ʻaʻole lākou e mālama i nāʻoihanaʻekolu.

Nā mana e hoʻoihoʻia

I ka hoʻouluʻana o ka momona,ʻo keʻano o nā'anikani maikaʻi keʻano nui. Hoʻohana pinepineʻia lākou no ka heleʻana me nāʻelele o nāʻano'ē aʻe, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka waiwai. ʻO ke kaumaha no ka hanaʻana i ka waiū he mea maikaʻi loa, akā, inā e mālama ponoʻia.

ʻO kēia mau holoholona ke kumu o ka hānauʻana ma nā'āina he nui. ʻO ka hana nui o ka hoʻouluʻana,ʻo ia ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā hōʻailonaʻai waleakā kaʻiʻo. E hoʻonui i ka huaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pono ana iāʻoe ka hoʻokomo 'ia.

I ka hoʻouluʻana a me ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o Holsteins, he mea nui ia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo aiʻaʻole maikaʻi maikaʻiakā kūpaʻa loa i nā lemu o kaʻike. Ke kohoʻana i kahi bipi, pono e noʻonoʻo i kēia mea pono'ī nā hua hānai. Eia kekahi, e koi ana i ka nui o ke kālā no ka hānaiʻana a mālamaʻana. ʻO ka'āina ma kahi iho ʻO Holstein wale nō ma keʻano o ka mālama pono.