ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau'īlio momona eʻikeʻia he mau mea hōʻailona o ka nahele a me nā mea mahiʻai.
I mea e kūpono ai i nā haʻuki lele, ponoʻoe eʻike i waena o nāʻano likeʻole aʻike i nā mea pono e kū'ē iā lākou.
E noʻonoʻo i ka hopena o kēia mau palapilikia a pehea e wehe ai iā lākou mai kāu pūnaewele i ka manawa pōkole.
Nāʻano likeʻole o nā haʻalulu a me ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona
Uaʻike aʻikeʻia ka'enekema e pili ana iʻeiwa kaukani mīpala lele i Rusia,ʻelua wale nō wale nō kaukani. Hāʻawi lākou i ko lākou inoa i ka likeʻana o waho o ka'ōpili me ka maka'ōmole. Ma kekahi mau lālā o kaʻohana eyefly, uaʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o keʻano o ka ovipositor, a he mea hiki ke komo i ka lālā lāʻau.
Loaʻa i nā mākua i nā'ēheu lōʻihi'ē aʻe i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia e nāʻewa ma keʻano o nā pūpū nui. Aia kahi māmā ma waena o nā'ā'ī lapaʻau a me nā māmā, iʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui aʻe ma mua o kaʻoi aku o nā mea hauʻoli e like me ka bees.
Loaʻa ka inoa o nā koʻi nā anuheno ka mea ʻano like loa me lākou. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka lahu o ka manu lele mai kahiʻeleʻele momona a pauʻole ma ka helu o nā maka (ʻo 2 wale nō a me 6 i loko o nā koʻi) a me nā wāwae (ma nāʻanuʻu 6 mau pai aʻoi aʻe paha, ma lalo o 5 mau hapa o nā'ōmole) .
ʻO ka manawa nui o kaʻoihana o nā pūmole lele ka puna a me ke kauwela. ʻO ka wā hoʻoulu kūpono maikaʻi loa,ʻo ia ka mahana mahana me ka uaʻole. Kauʻia nā nū ma ka'alipi a ma ka hohonu o ka wahie.
ʻO Birch
ʻO ke kanaka maʻamau 2-2.5 wm ka lōʻihi, ke poʻo, nā wāwae a me ke kino ma ka'āpana o ka sternumʻeleʻele,ʻo ka'ōpū me ka orangish a me kaʻulaʻula kelepona, e hoʻokala i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo. Ma ka pāpale aliʻi, ua hoʻonuiʻia ke poʻo, ua nui nā kuleana.
Hoʻonui ka antennaeʻeleʻele i ka pākuʻi a loaʻa ka'ōnikaʻalaniʻula. ʻO nā'ēheu he maopopo loa, a ma nāʻaoʻao he pōuliuli. ʻO nā mākua i ka malamaʻo Mei a me Iune.
ʻO ka uluʻana o Larvae i 4.5 knm, he'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo paha ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi'ōmaʻomaʻu liʻiliʻi ma kaʻaoʻao. Heʻumikūmālua mau kapuaʻi o ka'ōpū a me kahi poʻo poʻo poʻo hina nunui. Hiki keʻike pinepineʻia mai ia Iulai a hiki i Sepatemaba ma ke aʻa a ma kaʻaoʻao o nā lālā o birch. E like me keʻano o nā kānaka nānā ima,ʻo ka manaʻo o ka larvae, he lau birch wale nō ia.
No ka paleʻana i nā mahi ulu birch e pono anaʻoe:
- Eʻeli ponoʻoe i ka'āina kokoke i nā rhizomes ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.
- Loaʻa nā'ōpala a pau (i kekahi manawa i nāʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele).
- I ke kauwela, e lūlūʻia nā ulu lāʻau birch me nā lāʻau lapalapa (Chlorofos a me Metaphos), e hoʻomaka ana i Iune, e hōʻemi i nā'ikeleʻa mākua, a ma ka hopena o Iulai - kolo.
Pākuʻi
Heʻuʻuku kēia (5-6 mm ka lōʻihi) heʻaneʻane loa heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi antennae lōʻihi, lahilahi, ma kahi o nā mākūʻeleʻele o ke kino ka mea maʻamau, ka'ōpū a me nāʻokoʻa mua o nā'ēheu. Hiki ke loaʻa iāʻApelila a Iune.
ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo, kokoke e like me kaʻalani,ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i 3 mau lālāʻeleʻele nui ma ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kino a me 7 mau pūwae'āwae i ke koena. E ulu i 1-1.5 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi. Hāpai lākou i nāʻalani liʻiliʻi mai Mei a Iune, a ma laila lākou eʻimi ai i kahi malu ma ka papahele no ka pupation.
Hoʻopilikiaʻino kēia mauʻewa i nāʻano conifers,ʻo ia ke kumu i kāohiʻia ai ko lākou ulu.
No ka paleʻana i nā'ōpala o nā lele lele, pono e hoʻoukaʻia nā nila ma kahi hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio. He mea pono ke eli i nā mea i kapaʻia he pristvolny i nā mea eʻike ai a hoʻopau i nā pūnana o nā larvae.
Kupa a me ka puana kuika
ʻO ka puaina ka pinepine 7-8 mm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ia keʻano o keʻano o nā lau o ke kuihi a me nāʻano likeʻole o ka currants. Ma waho, ua like loa ia me kahi pahu liʻiliʻi me nā pale pale. He māmā nā'ōmole, me kaʻole o nā kaha.
ʻAʻole i ulu kahi lau iʻoi aku ma mua o 6-7 mm,ʻo ke kino a pau, nā wāwae, nāʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, ka waha a me nā kumu o nā antennae he'ōmaʻomaʻo, aʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha nā hapa o ke kino.
Hoʻokomoʻia nā'ēheu kokoke i ke kuhikuhi, mālamalama, me nā'āleʻeleʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha ma nāʻaoʻao luna o ka'ēheu mua o nā'ēheu.
I loko o nā koʻina 20 mau wāwaeHe'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo paha a heʻulaʻula paha, i uhi paʻaʻia me nā wahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me nā ulu ulu paha (kekahi mahele me nāʻaoʻao ma hope).
Hoʻopili pinepine nāʻoki i nā lau o nā mea kanu, i kekahi manawa e waiho wale wale ana i nā lāʻau. ʻO ka hopena, ua make nā mea kanu, hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka hōʻiliʻili hope. Ma keʻano he lapaʻau, pono eʻeli iho ka lepo ma lalo o nā ulu lāʻau i ke kauwela a me ke kakahiaka. E kōkua nō hoʻi ia i ka paleʻana i nā meaʻeha me kahi hopena o ka hamo hulu, a ma hope o ka uluʻana o nā lāʻau - coniferous extract or entobacterin.
E kōkua ka māmā e pale aku i nā koʻi pyrethroids, nā pūpona organophosphorus, nā mea waiwaiʻole. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo ka hopena "ʻO Chlorophos"aiʻole anabazine sulfate (mamua o ka ike ana o na hua).
Bread
ʻO ka palaoa,ʻo ia ka mea iʻikeʻole i ka makaleʻa he hoahele maikaʻi. ʻO ka'ōpūʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i ka lōʻihi 1 knm, aia ma ka hope kukui'ōmaʻomaʻo lahilahi a me nā kaha. Heʻeleʻele nā pā, heʻokoʻa ka'ōkuhi o ka mua ma mua - he melemele.
Hoʻouluʻo Imago i ka poli nectar a me ka wea. He pualenaʻeleʻeleʻo Larva, kahiʻole o nā wāwae i haʻiʻia, 12-14 mm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke poʻo, he'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, a ma ka hopena o ke kino he mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i 6-9 mau mīkini liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā kīpoki kīnā o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi ke kumu o nā meaʻaiʻai: ka palaoa, ka rye, barley a pēlā pū ka oat. Hoʻopau ka'ōpū i nā mea o nā pūpū, e neʻe ana i ke kumu, ka mea e hoʻonāwaliwali i nā mea kanu a hoʻolilo iā lākou i ke koʻikoʻi. I ka wā eʻohi ai, eʻoki liʻiliʻi nā koʻi, a nāwaliwali nā pua a maloʻo.
Pono hōʻiliʻili hohonu a nā papaʻoki lua (i ka manawa ma hope o kaʻohiʻana) e hōʻoki i nā'ōmole i noho ma lalo o nā'ōpū no ka hoʻomaha. E mālamaʻia kahi palekana maikaʻi ʻo kaʻohi mua. Mai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke hanaʻia "E oki"ai 'ole"Paule".
Paina pinepine
Loaʻa i kahi kino nui, nā mea nui e ulu ana 1 ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kino o kahi'ōmaʻomaʻuʻeleʻele a'ōleʻele paha, i uhiʻia me nā kahaʻeleʻele ma ke kua a me ka sternum. ʻO kaʻeleʻele Antennae, pōkole, e like me kahi pūnaewele nakinaki. Heʻeleʻele loa nā kāne, heʻeleʻele aʻe ma mua o ka wahine, he huluhuluʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me nāʻalima melemele.
ʻEhā nui kōmele 2.5-2.9 wm, me 8 mau lālā, ma luna o kēlā me kēia mea, he pōpōʻele uliuli. ʻO ke poʻo heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha. Hoʻokumuʻia ka paʻi ma ka lepo kokoke i nā lāʻau paina a ma lalo o ka papahele.
Pau nā pūʻulu ʻai i nā nila wili i ke kumu. ʻO ka hopena, ua nāwaliwali nā kumulāʻau, ua maloʻo loa nā piko, aʻo nā meaʻona'ē aʻe hiki ke komo i loko o nā koʻokoʻo.
ʻO nā papa hana kūpono'ōpiopio, ka mea pale loa nā mea kanu a ka hānaiʻana i nā manu manu. ʻOiaʻiʻo e mālama i nā manawa o nā palaina me nā lāʻauʻokoʻa a me nā hoʻomākaukauʻana.
IMPORTANT:ʻO ka mea kū'ē loa i ka hōʻeuʻeuʻana i ka firefire common is the type of Crimean pine. Ke hoʻohuiʻana i nā pae'āina hou, e aho ka hāʻawiʻana iā ia.
Hoʻopiliʻia
ʻO nāʻokoʻa ka nui o 6-8 mm, elongated, hue hue hue momona, me ke poʻoʻeleʻele haʻahaʻa a me nā antennaeʻeleʻele pōkole.
ʻO nā'āpana o nā'āpana ma nā pāwae me nā'ōuliʻeleʻele, uaʻeleʻele nāʻaoʻao o nā'ēheu'āuliuliʻeleʻele, ma ka'āpana e'āpanaʻelua pahu nui o kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i hoʻoiliʻia me nā mea koʻikoʻi.
ʻO kaʻeleʻele heʻeleʻele, he'ōmaʻomaʻo ma nāʻaoʻao, hiki ke piʻi i luna 2.5 cm i ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka pilikia nui ka mea kanu kāpenalike canola, rutabagas, turnip, nā lālāi kekahi manawa eʻai nā lālā radish a me turnip. I mea e pale ai i ka uluʻana o nā loko i loko o ka papae, pono pono ka'ō'ō palau o ka lepo i loko o ka wā o ke kau.
E kū'ē i ka pāhahalaha nui o nā anuhe wahaheʻe e kōkua i ka hanaʻana i nā pae'āina me ka lāʻau lapaʻauʻO Actellic"a me nā mea lāʻau'ē aʻe, i kaʻikeʻiaʻana o nā'ōmole mua i 5-10% o nā mea kanu.
ʻO Apple
ʻO ke kauoha'ōpio 6-7 mm ka lōʻihi,ʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha. Heʻeleʻele a'ālohilohi ka'āina'ākiko. He palupalu nā pā, heʻeleʻele nā'ēheu, kaʻawale.
ʻO ka'ōpiopio he pale'ōmaʻomaʻo, wrinkled, kokoke 1 knm. ʻO ke poʻo, heʻeleʻele,ʻeleʻele, e'ālohilohi ana i ka makahiki a lilo iʻulaʻula. He 10 mau hapa o nā wāwae, aʻo ia mau lālaniʻelua he mau lōʻihi aʻoi aku kona lahilahi ma mua o ke koena.
Ināʻo ka'ōpelu'ōpopo'ōpona i hoʻopiha waleʻia i ka nectar,ʻai nā'ōpū i ka hua o ka'ōʻalo, e hoʻomaka me kahi apo. I loko o kona ola, hiki i ka'ōpala ke hana i kaʻinoʻino mai ka 2 a 6 hua. Ma waho aʻe o kaʻumeʻana i ka hua, nā kumu lele e hāʻule i ka'ōpū.
I mea e pale ai i ka pukaʻana o nā mākua eʻeli pono i nā'āpana kokoke-'āpana a me nā lā waena. I ka uluʻana o nā lāʻau hiki ke mālamaʻia ka lepo me ka lepo hexachlorane. Me ka ulu mua o ka hua e pono ia i nā lāʻauʻala me kahi hopena o DDT a me Karbofos.
Kulu lole hoʻokahi
Ka lōʻihi o kahi 13-17 mm, me ka'ōpūʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele,ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, poʻo a me nā antennae. Ke poʻo o ka'ōpū me kahi hōʻailona uliuli nui. ʻO nā'ēheu he translucent, pale'ōmaʻa ma kaʻula.
ʻO ka'ōpiopio heʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele me kahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma ke kua, he māmā ke poʻo, i kekahi manawa me kaʻaʻahu brownish. Hiki ke piʻi i nā lōʻihi i 2.5 cm. Aia ma luna o ka pahu he mau wāwaeʻeono a me ka paʻiʻelua ma ka huelo.
ʻO nā kikowaena spider ma luna o nā lālā paina, ma waho e like me nāʻano pine pine lahilahi i ulanaʻia. Pau nā'ōpū i nā kolo, e waiho ana i ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi.
Nā kiʻi o nāʻano likeʻole
ʻO nā mea no ka hakakāʻana i nāʻano lele likeʻole e like me keʻano o nā hana a nā mākua a me ka hoʻolimalimaʻana o nā kolo. Me ka hana pono a me ka manawa pono, eʻeli ana i ka lepo a'ānaiʻana i nā'ounu, pono hiki ke pale i nā mea kanu a me nā ulu lāʻau.
No ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i kaʻike i loaʻa, hāʻawi mākou iāʻoe i kahi wikiō e pili ana i nā haʻalulu a me nā mea e kū'ē ai iā lākou:
