Ke hāpai nei mākou iāʻoe eʻike i nāʻano o nā bipi i hoʻolahaʻia ma ka'Apanaʻo Altai. I waena o lākouʻo Simmental, Red Steppe, Kazakh keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo a me keʻokeʻo. He kaulana loa nā bipi pipi ma ka home a ma kahiʻoihanaʻoihana. Ke kohoʻana i kahi pua, ponoʻoe e alakaʻi muaʻia e nā kumu āu e makemake ai e hānai i nā holoholona - ka hanaʻana o ka meaʻai a me nā meaʻai.
ʻO Altai kekahi o nā alakaʻi i ka hanaʻana i nā mea laʻau a me nā meaʻai i Rusia
Ua kaulanaʻo Altai no kāna mau mahinaʻai me nā mea kanu maikaʻi, ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka ea. ʻAʻole mālamaʻia ka lepo maʻaneʻi me nā kohuʻuʻaila a me nā meaʻawaʻawa. Nui nā lālā lāʻau lapaʻau e ulu ana ma nā'āinaʻo Altai maikaʻi.
Keʻike neiʻoe? I ka manawa o ka pāpāʻana ma ka US, kālepa bootleggers, nā mea kūʻai waiwai inuʻawaʻole, kāhiko i nā kāmaʻa kūikawā e kālepa ai i nā mākaʻi. Hoʻopili i ke kumu o ka ululāʻau, a waiho i nā huakaʻi ma ka honua, e like me nā lio hoohi lio.Hoʻokumuʻia ka mea laʻa,ʻiʻo a me nā pipi hānai o nā bipi i kēia wahi. ʻO 50% o ka pū'ā lawaiʻa he mau māmā Simmental. ʻO ka hānai holoholona ma ka'Apanaʻo Altai e hiki ai ke loaʻa ka waiū o ka maikaʻi, nā mea waiwai, nā amino a me nā alumina. ʻO nā hua o ka mea kanu mai nā mahiʻai kūloko heʻano kū hoʻokahi a mahalo nuiʻia e ka poʻe kūʻai.
ʻO nāʻano momona o nā bipi i kaulana i Altai Krai
Hoʻomaopopoʻia e nā hōʻike i lalo, nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā kiʻi, hiki iāʻoe ke koho i ka hua nui loa a me ka paʻakikī o kaʻiʻo a me ka meaʻai.
E nānā i ka nui o ka waiū a me ka holoholona pepehi. He mea nui hoʻi e noʻonoʻo pono i nāʻano o ka waiū, i keʻano, he 3% ka nui o ka protein, aʻo ka momona he 3,4% ka nui.
Keʻike neiʻoe? I Inia, hiki iāʻoe ke kūʻai aku i ka mimi kukui o nā kau. Lawe nā mea kūʻai, pā i kaʻili, holoi i nā keiki i loko.
Hoʻomākaukau
ʻO kēia'ōpiopio kekahi o nā mea kahiko loa ma ka honua, ua hanaʻia ma Switzerland. ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka pua i loaʻa i nā hanana - ua laweʻia nā kūpuna o ka iʻa i Switzerland ma mua o ke kenekulia 5, a pau i ka hapa lua wale nō o ke kenekulia 20. Ua loaʻa keʻano ma ka heleʻana i nā bipi Scandinav me nā lālā bipi i nā mea. 
ʻAno:
- ke kaumaha o ke keiki makua - 550-870 kg, he bipi - 900-1300 kg;
- nā holoholona i keʻano o kahi kumukānāwai ikaika, nā musculat a me nā kino i hoʻohuiʻia;
- ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo he 135-140 cm, ke kino - 160-165 cm;
- ke poʻo nui, ākea ma kaʻaoʻao mua. ʻO nā pepeiao, he māmā a keʻokeʻo paha me nā'alamelena-brown;
- ka'ōpū ihu a me nā lili he māmā uliuli (kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka momona maikaʻi);
- ua pōkole ka'ā'ī, me nā mākia i hanaʻia. ʻO Withers ka laulā,ʻoliʻoli me kahi ākea;
- ka umauma (i nā bipi me kahi haula i kūkuluʻia);
- He uluʻeleʻele ka pipi;
- he nui ka'ōpiopio o ka wahine, he nui nā niho;
- ʻO ke kuhiʻana o nā mea hoʻohālikelike e likeʻole ia mai ka pale pale i kaʻulaʻula; ʻo ka hapa nui o nāʻano e hōʻikeʻia ana he pale pale kaulike.
E makemake pahaʻoe e aʻo hou e pili ana i kaʻano Simmental o nā bipi.
ʻO ka lāhui Swiss no kaʻano hui. ʻO kona kaulana i ka nui o ka hanaʻana i ka waiū me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa o ka pipi ikaika.
Nā huahana huahana:
- ʻo ka wai o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka palena he 4000-5000 kilo ka makahiki; aia nā hihia i ka manawa i hāʻawiʻia aku ai ka bipi wahine 10-14,000 kilokika o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki;
- ʻo ka momona momona kahi e pili ana i 3.9-4.1% (hiki i 6%); heʻono maikaʻi kona, uaʻikeʻia heʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka protein (e pili ana i 4%) a me ka mea maloʻo, akā, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā pūnaeho lua;
- ua kiʻekiʻe ka uku o ke kālā waiwai (ma ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki a hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka 430 kg o ke kaumaha);
- ka hua o nā holoholona make - 55-62%.
ʻO ka puaʻa ulaʻula
ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o kēiaʻano puaʻa he lōʻihi a paʻakikī, ua hoʻomakaʻia ka moʻolelo o kaʻano i ka XVIII mau. Ua loaʻa ka bipi ma Ukraine no ka heleʻana o ke Kelemānia Red, Angeln, Simmental, Red Ostfrislyand hānaiʻia me nā bipi pipi.
Ua hoʻomau nā kānakaʻepekema Ukrainian i kekahiʻano i kaulana i nā mea mahi holoholona a puni ka honua - ma waena o ka nui o ka pipi, ua kūlana ka lua o Red Cowpe i ka helu.
Hiki iā mākou e heluhelu e pili ana i ka momona o nā bipi.
ʻAno:
- ʻO nā holoholona o kēiaʻohana i loaʻa i kahi kumukū maloʻo maloʻo. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka uluʻana o ka musculature;
- ʻo ke kaumaha ola o nā kiʻi makua kāne he 800-900 kg, aʻo nā wāhine, 450-550 kg;
- ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona i ka poʻe maloʻo, he 126-129 cm, ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 155-160 cm;
- ke kino elongated, ke poʻo. ʻO ke poʻo, he liʻiliʻi ia, i pākahi ikiʻia;
- ua kikoo muaʻia nā pū kiwi, heʻano liʻiliʻi a me kaʻulaʻula hina;
- He lahilahi ka'ā'ī, lōʻihi, me ka nui o nā pā. Ku ae o Withers;
- ka umauma,ʻano pālahalaha,ʻaʻole ka laulā. ʻAʻole mālama maikaʻiʻia nā Subdema;
- puʻupuʻu o ka lōʻihi lōʻihi, whānui. ʻO ka'ōpū he volumous, akā,ʻaʻole i ka'ōwili;
- nā wāwae pololei, ikaika;
- mika, mika nui, glandular;
- He ulaula keʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi, akā he mau keʻokeʻo kahi.
ʻO ka cowpe cowpee heʻano ia o ka huahana waiu. Hoʻomohala maikaʻiʻia nāʻano meaʻai.Nā huahana huahana:
- ʻo ka kaukena ke lawe mai i ka makahiki mai 3,000 a hiki i 5,000 kilokika o ka waiū (ʻo ka milina o ka lāhui i manaʻoʻia ma muli o ke aniau - ma nā wahi steppe,ʻo ka'ōmaʻa maʻamauʻoia he 3000-3500 kg, ma kekahi mau wahi he 4500-5000 kilokapa o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki);
- ka waiū he mau meaʻono maikaʻi loa; ʻo kona momona he 3,6-3.5%;
- he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe (hiki i nā keiki bipi he 6-180 kilolani i 6 mau mahina, me ka momona maikaʻi,ʻo ka awelika o ka waiwai kaumaha o kēlā me kēia lā 600-900 g);
- ka nui o ka hua holoholona - 53% (me ka piʻiʻana o ka momona'āpena momona).
He mea nui! Pono pono ka cow cow step e makemake i kahi moe o ka mauʻu maloʻo a me kahi pale nui. E hānai a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou e 3 manawa i ka lā, eʻai ka meaʻai a me ka wai i loko o ke ana wela. Ma lalo o nāʻano a pau o ka hale, kāu hua bipi e hānau hua i 4 manawa i 3 mau makahiki.
He puaʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo o nā bipi
Ua loaʻa ka iʻa ma ka heleʻana i Black-motley Swedish,ʻo nā keikiʻo Ostfrizian me nā bipi pipi. I kēia lā,ʻo ia ka lāhui iʻoi loa aku a nui loa ma ka honua. 
ʻAno:
- ke kaumaha ola o nā bipi kauō 450-650 kg, nā bipi hana - 850-1200 kg;
- He mana ikaika nā lālā o ka lāhui. ʻO ke kūpono o ka'ōmaʻomaʻi, heʻeke liʻiliʻi;
- ke kaniʻana o ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 158-162 wm. He lōʻihi nā holoholona nui (ʻo ka uluʻana o nā bipi i'ōlohelohe ma 128-135, nā bipi - 138-156 cm);
- ʻO ka pahu ka laulā ākea,ʻo ka hohonu he 70-75 cm. He pālahalaha ke kua, he pololei ka mamao;
- ke poʻo e lōʻihi me ka neck neck. Heʻeleʻele nā pepeiao, me nā hopenaʻeleʻele;
- kaʻili e hoʻopiʻi ai, kaʻili maha;
- Hiki i kaʻeleʻele a me ka motalie,ʻikeʻia paha i kekahi manawa kaʻulaʻula a me ka momona.
Paipai mākou e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka'ōhūʻeleʻele o nā bipi.
Nā huahana huahana:
- ʻo ka bipi kauka he 3,700-4,500 kilokika o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki (no ka hānaiʻana, hoʻonui ka waiū i 30% a he 7,000 maukani aʻoi aʻe);
- ʻO nā hua laʻa eʻikeʻia e kahi nani, maikaʻi,ʻawaʻawa nui;
- nui ka momona o ka momona mai 2.5 a 4.8%,ʻo ka mea i loaʻa he 3.1-3.4% protein;
- hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki nā kānaka i ka hānaiʻai (me kaʻai nui i nā mahina he 16 o ke ola, nā kauō e hiki i 450 kg o ke kaumaha);
- ka hua o nā mea pepehi kanaka - a hiki i 50%.
Kazakh Whitehead
Ua loaʻa ka poʻo hina Kazakh i Kazakhstan ma ke kauʻana i nā bipi kau me Hereto me nā bipi o Kazakh a me Kalmyk.
ʻAno:
- ʻo ka nui o nā bipi he 850-1000 kilokapa, a me nā bipi wahine - 500-560 kg;
- piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 123-130 cm,ʻo ke kino o ka lōʻihi - 150 cm;
- Ua kapaʻia ka bipi i ke kino o kaʻiʻo - kūkino me nā iwi ikaika a me nāʻiʻo i hoʻolālāʻia. ʻO ke kino he ākea a ākea, he nunui nā poʻohiwi, he nui;
- kokoke i ka hoʻoilo, ulu ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kuhūʻeleʻele me nā wahi keʻokeʻo;
- ʻO keʻanoʻokoʻa loa a he hōʻailona o ka'ōpili ka poʻo nui o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i pāpaleʻia me nā pepeiao nui, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia.
He mea nui! ʻO nā meaʻinoʻole o ka ulu keʻokeʻo Kazakh,ʻo ia hoʻi ka nalowaleʻana o kaʻiʻo, ka hanaʻino o nā bipi me nā keiki bipi ma ka hānaiʻana, a me kahi pūpūʻeleʻele, ka mea e pale ai i ka mana o ka holoholona e wehe loa.Nā huahana huahana:
- ʻo ka maʻamau o ka waiū mai ka bipi i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 3000-3500 kg;
- hāʻawi ka bipi i ka waiū momona momona (4.3% momona) me kahi mea'enela kiʻekiʻe (e pili ana i 4%);
- hiki i nā bipi ke kiʻekiʻe i nā lā a pau (me ka momona momona ma ka makahiki a me ka hapalua, piʻi ke kaumaha ola 450-480 kg);
- ʻo ka lukuʻana i kaʻiʻo mai nā bipi i hānaiʻia he 55-65% (he mauʻiʻo maikaʻi nā bipi, he momona ka momona ma waena o nāʻiʻo).
ʻO'Aberdeen-Angus
Ua hānaiʻia nā bipi maʻEnelani, ma ka'āpanaʻo'Aberdeen, ma ka'āpana'ākau o Scotland.
ʻAno:
- i ka wā makua, nā wāhine he 550-600 kg, bipi - 850 kg;
- ʻO ka hānai'Aberdeen-Angus o nā bipi kauā e mahaloʻia e nāʻano meaʻai kūpono-he kino o keʻano lōʻihi, kepoe, hohonu, me nā wāwae wāwae;
- ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi he 132 knm.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā'ōpuʻu - 118-120 cm;
- ʻo ka mea nui o ka Anguss ka nele o nā pepeiaohao;
- Heʻuʻuku ke poʻo, me kahi'āpana pōkole. He pōkole ka'ā'ī, me ka ulu ikaika o nāʻiʻo;
- maloʻo, hoʻi, mamao a me ke ala pololei, palahalaha, muscular;
- ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala maikaʻiʻia nā lākiu waiu i nā bipi;
- ua lahilahi a ikaika nā iwi. ʻAʻole'elepopo kaʻili, me nāʻano subcutaneous maikaʻi i hoʻouluʻia;
- he nui nāʻanoʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele o nā holoholona,ʻo ka nui o nāʻanoʻulaʻula aʻeleʻele paha.
E heluhelu hou aʻe i keʻano o nā pua bipi Aberdeen-Angus.
Nā huahana huahana:
- ua emi ka waiū o ka bipi -ʻo ka awelika o ka waiū makahiki i ka 1,400 kg i ka makahiki;
- ʻo ka waiū heʻoluʻolu maikaʻi kona, ua waiwai i ka protein (e pili ana i 4%),ʻo ka momona o ka huahana he 4%;
- ua kiʻekiʻe ke kaumaha o ka waiwai waiwai (ke kaumaha o nā keiki bipi i ka weaning a hiki i 200 kg);
- ʻo ke kaumaha o ka mea momona o nā mea momona he 65-70% (nā holoholona iʻikeʻia e kaʻiʻo maikaʻi loa).
ʻO ka mea hānai o Ayrshire
ʻO kaʻona o'Asrshire o nā bipi kauo no ka mokuʻo Scottishʻo Ayr (hanaʻia i ka makahiki 1862). ʻO nā bipi a me nā bipi kauō i Sokotia, a ua hoʻohanaʻia nā kūpuna i nā kūpuna o ka wai,ʻo Thewater, Dutch, a me'Alderney, no ka loaʻaʻana o nā Ayrshires.
E aʻo hou e pili ana i kaʻano o nā bipi.
ʻAno:
- ke kaumaha bipi - 400-480 kg, bipi - 700-800 kg;
- ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo 125 knm, ke kino - 155 cm;
- nā kūlike kino. Heʻano pōkole ke kino;
- Heʻuʻuku ke poʻo, akā, uaʻano likeʻole. Hoʻokumuʻia nā kukui nui i nāʻaoʻao a me luna (ma keʻano o kahi lyre);
- He lahilahi ka'ā'ī, pōkole. ʻO kaʻaoʻao he ākea, pālahalaha. ʻO kahi kīnā me kahi hauhi;
- nā lālā lima, āpau, a me nā māiʻuʻu ikaika;
- ʻo ka ipu'ahuʻula, nui, me kaʻiliʻiliʻili lahilahi; He ākea ka nipples, uaʻike maikaʻiʻia nā koʻi.
- He pōkole ke kapa. He helehelenaʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ka holoholona me nā wahi keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo hoʻi me nā kikoʻuʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka pohā o Ayrshire nā kumuhana o ka huahana. Hiki keʻikeʻia ka pua e ka mauʻu waiu mau. Loaʻa nā holoholona i kaʻiʻo maikaʻi. 
Nā huahana huahana:
- no ka makahiki, hāʻawi ka bipi i 7000 liters o ka waiū (hana mau no nā makahiki he nui);
- ka waiū momona - 4-4,6%, i ka huiʻana o ka'enela he 3.5%;
- ʻo ka waiū he meaʻono loa, maikaʻi, e hana pinepineʻia nā mea pēpē mai ia mea;
- Hoʻomaopopo koke nā kau keiki bipi i ke kaumaha (ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki a lākou e kaupaona ana i loko o 400kani);
- ka nui o ka hua holoholona - 55%.
He mea nui! Ināʻoe e hoʻolālā e hana i nā hua puaʻa, a laila koho i nāʻano o nā bipi me nā mea kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea nui o kēia mau bipi he mea nui.
I ka hopena,ʻike mākou heʻaʻohe maʻi maikaʻi, no ka mea, ua hānaiʻia lākou a pau e like me kekahi mau koi. No laila, i ka kohoʻana i kahi bipi no ka mālamaʻana i loko o ka pālaʻau home, hoʻololi pono i kona mau pono a me nā meaʻinoʻole, a mālama pono i nā kūlana o ka mālamaʻana a me ka hānaiʻana.
