Ua ho'āʻoʻia ka kohoʻana o ka kūkoma Dutch ma ka honua a lōʻihi. He nui nā poʻe kauwela a me nā māla o ko mākou'āina e hoʻohana i nāʻanoʻano, i hānaiʻia e nā mea hoʻolele Dutch. Kūʻia nā kukamaʻano likeʻole e nā hua kiʻekiʻe a maikaʻi loa i ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka hua. Ma kēiaʻatikala, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nāʻano kaulana o nā kūkono Dutch a me ko lākou mau pono.
Nāʻike a me nā pono
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hua Dutch aʻoi aʻe ka nui o nā lālā a me ka hoʻololiʻana ma hope o ke kāpiliʻana. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia kēia mau papahana me nā kukama Dutch me nāʻano likeʻole'ē aʻe.
Hoʻokumu ka Dutch i ka hanaʻana i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nāʻano maikaʻi loa, kahi e komo ai nā papahana nei:
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa heat. Hoʻoikaika kēiaʻano hana i ka hua a hoʻololi i nā kūlana maʻamauʻole. Eia kekahi,ʻo ka hoʻomaluʻana i ka lāʻau wela e kanu i nā mea mai nā maʻi likeʻole.
- Kaui I kēia wā, ua mālamaʻia ka hua me nā lāʻau'ōpiopio, e hiki ai ke paleʻia mai ka nui o nā maʻi a me nā meaʻeha. ʻO nā hana o kaʻaʻahu i laweʻia mai ka Dutch i ka maikaʻi, no laila,ʻaʻole e pili i nā lāʻau pesticide ka hopena maikaʻi loa o ka hua.
- Ka hoʻopiliʻana. Ke kohoʻana o nāʻanoʻano o ka nui like, a he nui nā lālā o ka germination. Ua holomua ka Dutch ma kēiaʻoihana, aʻaʻole hoʻi e hāʻawi aku i ka mea kūʻai aku i kahi hua, kahi o 50% o ka hana i loaʻa he male.
- Packaging. Hoʻonohonohoʻia mai kekahi mea mālama palekana e pale ai i ka komoʻana o ka ea a me ka makama ma mua o ka kanuʻana.
ʻO nā pae a pau o nā hana i hanaʻia ma lalo o ke kālaika a me ke kāohi kanaka, no laila, ua hoʻonui pinepineʻia nā māla a me nā mea kanu i nā hua a me kaʻaiʻana i ka hua o ka koho o Dutch.Keʻike neiʻoe? Hoʻokumuʻia nā'ōkuhi ma nā kukama i mea e hoʻoneʻeneʻe ai i ka nui o ka wai.ʻO nāʻanoʻokoʻa a me nā hybruda o nā kukama, i hanaʻia ma ka'āina o ke aupuni o Netania, he nui nā mea maikaʻi:
- hiki ke hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o nā greenhouses, a ma lalo o ka lewa;
- ke kū'ēʻana iā virtually all varietal diseases and pests;
- ʻO nā huaʻaina ka honua a kūpono i nā mea i hanaʻia, nā huamoa hou, a me nā mea'ē aʻe;
- ka hopena nui a me ka nele i kaʻawaʻawa nui i ka hua;
- ʻO nā lālā me ka mālama maʻamau, kiʻekiʻe loa, kukama o ka pepa pololei;
- aia kekahi mauʻano pollinating manu e ponoʻole ai ka pollination.
ʻO nāʻano likeʻole
Aia kekahi kukama nui ma mua mai Holland mai. ʻO kekahi makemake i nā lāʻoi o ka uluʻana, nā mea'ē aʻe ma hope o ka uluʻana. Ma lalo nei mākou e wehewehe i nā kukama kūlana kūlana maikaʻi loa i nāʻano likeʻole.
Kaumua
ʻO ka papa kukama mua loa o ka kohoʻana o ka Dutch:
- "Herman F1". ʻO kekahi o nāʻano kaulana loa. Hoʻomaka i nā huaʻaono ultrafast, palekana mai nā maʻi likeʻole a me nā mea kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā hua o ka papa "Herman F1"'ōmaʻomaʻo, ke kiko pololei, me kaʻawaʻawa, ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea a pau. Kūkulu nā mea kanu i nā mana ikaika, mai 4 a 7 hua e hiki ke hanaʻia ma kēlā me kēia māwae. "Ke kuʻiʻiaʻo Herman F1" me ke kōkuaʻoleʻana o nā beʻa.
- "Merengue F1". ʻO nāʻano kūkono kūkole nui i ka uluʻana o ka kukumba ma mua o nā huahana Dutch. ʻO ka hua eʻono maikaʻi i kāu mau meaʻono me ko lākou meaʻala. ʻO ka kukama kaumaha he 80-100 g. "ʻO ka Meringue F1" ka palekana mai ka maʻi lūlū, ka peronosporoza a me nā maʻi'ē aʻe. ʻO nā hua i ke ao holoʻokoʻa,ʻaʻole i manaʻoʻia kaʻawaʻawa. Hoʻoulu ka lāʻau i kahi lōʻihi. Hāʻawi pololei ka hānai ponoʻana i ka loaʻaʻana o nā hua maikaʻi a maikaʻi a hiki i ka hoʻomakaʻana oʻOkakopa.
- "Balina". Hoʻolālāʻia e nā mea hoʻolako kūikawā no ka mahiʻai i loko. Hiki ke kūlana i ka wā mua o ke'ōpiopioʻana, i ka lālā o nā lau. ʻO keʻano o keʻano haʻahaʻa, heʻano liʻiliʻi, āpau āpau, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā hua he meaʻonoʻoluʻolu,ʻaʻohe loa kahiʻawaʻawa.
- F1 Alliance. ʻO kēlā mau'ōmaʻomaʻo e hiki ai iāʻoe keʻohi i ka lā 38-41. No ka mea, he nui nā pi. ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi, nā meaʻono loa, kaʻiliʻeleʻele a me kaʻawaʻawaʻole. Hoʻoulu ikaika ka nāhelehele i ka pae mua o ka ulu. Aia ka F1 Alliance he kumu nui a me nā lau nui, e hiki ai i ka mea kanu ke hua i ka hua ma nā lāʻoi loa. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili eʻikeʻia ana e nāʻanoʻoihana kalepa maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohana pono.
- "Atlantis F1". ʻO nā hua he meaʻala maikaʻi. He 95 g ka lōʻihi o kaʻawelike. 11 - ka lōʻihi - 11 knm. He kūʻokoʻa ka paʻakikī o ka Atlantis F1 i ka paukū lūlū, ka mosaic virus a me ka cladosporia. ʻO nā hua eʻoliʻoli i ka mea kanu me kā lākou meaʻono a me kaʻala. Mālamaʻia keʻano ma ke'eneke mai nā'ōlikaiʻino a hiki iā ia ke pale i nā hoʻololi o ka piʻiʻana.
He mea nui! ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopūhoihoiʻia nāʻano o nā hybrid Dutch, no ka mea, he likeʻole lākou i kahi code kūikawā, i ka hahai kokeʻana ma hope iho o ka helu "F1".
- "Āpono F1". ʻO kekahi o nāʻano ulu maikaʻi loa o nā kukama kūlani. Hōʻike ka poʻe noho o ka hopena i ka ulu maikaʻi o Zelentsov ma kahi lōʻihi. Hiki nā hua i nā nui nui (i ka 120 g) a me kaʻalaʻala maikaʻi me ka pulp'ōwili maʻalahi. ʻO ke kūlana kūikawā i ka peronosporoza a me nā maʻi'ē aʻe. "ʻO ka F1" - maikaʻi loa i laweʻia, nui i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka meaʻai.
- "Pasadena F1". Hoʻomaka mua keʻano o nāʻano'ōmaʻomaʻa mai nā mea kanu mai Netherlands mai, a hiki ke hoʻohua i ka hua no nā lā he 40-60. He meaʻalaʻono a hoʻonani maikaʻi loa ia, hiki iā ia ke pollinate me ka komoʻoleʻana o ka pi. Ke pale me ka paukū lili, ka mosaic kukumba viral a me ka cladosporia. ʻO nā hua e like me keʻanoʻeleʻele keʻano, ka liʻiliʻi, me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO "Pasadena F1" he mau huahana huahua maikaʻi, i ka kukeʻana, hoʻohanaʻia ia no nā kumuhana ākea.
Wahi waena
ʻO ka kanuʻana o nā kūmāma ma waena a me ka maikaʻiʻole,ʻaʻole ia e like me ka mahiʻana i nāʻano likeʻole. ʻO nāʻano maʻamau o nā kukama o ka koho Dutch a me ka welika o ka wā maʻamau, penei:
- "E ka Haku F1". Ke kanu me ka ikaika nui. ʻO ka'ōmaʻa'ōmaʻomaʻo he'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, me nā kākalaioa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, 100-120 mm ka loa "Uaʻoluʻoluʻo" ka Haku F1 "i nā hua hou a pau no ka manawa lōʻihi,ʻoiai, me ka hānai ponoʻana, e nani a maikaʻi nō lākou. ʻO ka'āpana kukumba heʻano maʻalahi, hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia, me kaʻawaʻawaʻole, hoʻohanaʻia e nā mea kuke no ke kukeʻana i nāʻano meaʻai. Mālamaʻia keʻano likeʻole ma ka genetic mai nā maʻi likeʻole. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke kauwela ma ka "Haku F1" he maikaʻi ia, no laila hiki ke kanuʻia i loko o ka lepo kokeʻia, me kaʻikeʻole i ka papa hana seedling.
- "Marinda F1". Hikiʻia nā hua me ka komoʻana o ka bees pollinating. Hiki i kēia'ōpili, me ka mālama pono, ke hoʻoikaika i ka hua, aʻo kona mauʻaukāʻaʻole loa ia e hōʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka nahele o ka "Marinda F1" ua hoʻokumuʻia heʻano-nui,ʻaʻole iʻeleʻele,ʻoiai ua kūpono loa ka hoʻouluʻai. ʻO nā hua keʻano o ka'ōpū, me kahiʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi,ʻanoʻano olonā,ʻano nui. He maikaʻi kaʻono, he "momona" ka hopena ma ke kūmole. ʻO "Marinda F1" he kūʻokoʻa ia i ka papa mosaic, scab, cladosporia, paukū lili, etc. He mea maʻamau ia e hoʻohana ai.
- "Regina F1". ʻO nā'ōkole kau o nā kauwela mai nā mea kūleʻa Dutch, nā piʻi pokepoho. Nā hua o ka liʻiliʻi (70-90 g), ke olonā -poe kepoe, ke'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, he hākoʻa kūkō kūikawā. Hoʻomauʻia ka maikaʻi o kaʻai ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea hou a piʻoʻia. Hoʻopakeleʻia keʻano likeʻole mai kahi maʻi o nā maʻi, me ka mālama pono e hiki ai ke hua i nā hua no ka wā lōʻihi.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua ulu ke kukama ma ka'āpanaʻo Rūkana mai ka hopena o ka makahiki XVI.
- "Kanihi F1". Hoʻomumuʻia no ka mahiʻai i ka lewa (ma nāʻano likeʻole, e nani ka hua, ka'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, aʻala). I ke kauʻana, ua paleʻia mai nā wela haʻahaʻa, e hiki ai iāʻoe keʻohi a hiki i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kau. Pono nā'āpana e hoʻopili i ka pipi, palekana mai ka cladosporia, ka paukū lūlū, ka mosaic kūkono, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Heʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, he maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o nāʻoihana kalepa. Pākī palakā, pāʻani, ka'ōwili, ka liʻiliʻi, kaʻala, me kaʻawaʻawa, ka nui o ka hoʻohana.
- "Claudia F1". Hāʻawi ka'ōpili i ka pono kūpono, nui a maikaʻi. Hoʻonohonohoʻia no nā mahiʻai o ke ao (i ka hoʻonohonoho pono a me ka kanuʻana i ka kanuʻana ma nā'āina āpau a me nā'āina pale). Hoʻopiliʻia nā ovaries me ka pi. 'Aleʻele kaʻiʻo,ʻaʻohe mea lele, ua "kipakuʻia" kaʻawaʻawa ma keʻano o ke kinano,ʻo ia ke kumu o ka kukama o kēiaʻano likeʻole i ke kukeʻana. "Ke palekanaʻiaʻo Claudia F1 ma ke kūpuleʻula mai kahi maʻi o nā maʻi.
Pau ka lā
ʻO ka nui o nā kumulāʻau kūkoma Late, uaʻikeʻoleʻia kekahi o lākou e nā māla a me nā kauwela o ko kākou'āina. Uaʻike mākou iʻelua mauʻano kaulana loa o ka ulu mua o Zelentsov:
- "Isis F1". Loaʻa nā'ōmaʻomaʻo ma waena o nā kauwela kauhale a me nā mea kanu o ko mākou'āina. Kūleʻa lākou i ka lōʻihi, akā,ʻoi aku ka nui o nāʻanoʻano i ho'ākākaʻia ma luna nei i nāʻanoʻono. "E hana anaʻo" Isid F1 "i ka lush a me ka laulā nui, kahi hua i mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā mahanaʻole maikaʻi. He meaʻala loa ke kino o kaʻiʻo a hāʻawi i nā meaʻala i kekahi kīʻaha. Mālamaʻia keʻano o ka'āpana mai ka hopena e nā'okena a me nā maʻi pathogenic a me nā maʻi.
He mea nui! Manaʻo nui nā māla a me nā mea mahiʻai i nāʻano o Zelentsovoʻano ponoʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea parthenocarpic. Eia kekahi,ʻo nā hua i loko o kēia mau hua e loaʻa ana nā huaʻai a me nā mineral hou.
- "Julian F1". Ua hina ka poʻe kanu i kēiaʻano likeʻole no ka loiloi e hiki ke hoʻohālua i kāna mau hua i ka manawa lōʻihi i loko o nā moe aʻaʻole e hoʻopohalaʻia (waiho mau nā lau uliuli, nuiʻole,ʻaʻole e mele melemele aʻaʻole eʻae. ʻO nā hua he oval-cylindrical, me kahiʻahaʻaina kūkamo maikaʻi. Eʻoluʻoluʻo Zelentsy "Juliana F1" i kā lākouʻaiʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā wela maikaʻiʻole. ʻO ka mea likeʻole e hoʻopiliʻole i nā maʻi lapaʻau likeʻole, a inā he pono ka wahie a hānai ponoʻia i ka manawa, hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia ka huaʻana i 2-3 mau wiki.
Nā lula ulu
ʻO ka uluʻana i nā lāʻau kukumba maikaʻiʻaʻole ia he mea maʻalahi, no kēia mea ponoʻoe e hahai i kekahi mau rula aʻike i nāʻike a me nā mea huna o kēia hana. ʻO ka mea mua, ponoʻoe e koho i kahi kahua kūpono no ka kanuʻana i nāʻano kanu. ʻO nā mea mua loa o nā kukama,ʻo ia ka Bulgarian pepa, kāloti,'ōmato, kāpena, a me nāʻeka. Ma kahi o ka melon,ʻaʻole i kanuʻia nā kumu kūkamo, no ka mea ua hoʻopilikiaʻia kēia mau lāʻau e nā maʻi like.
Pono e kanu i nā mea kanu kulu i kahi wahi wela. Ināʻoe i kanu i ka malu, eʻona ka hua. Ma mua o ka kanuʻana, ua hoʻoleiʻia ka lepo i ka hohonu o 8-12 cm. Ma hope iho, hoʻohanaʻia ka phosphate, potash a me nitrogen fertilizers i nā mea like (inā he loam ka lepo). Ma keʻano laulā, no ka kanuʻana i nā kukama e koho i ka lepo me kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā meaʻaila mineral a me nā mea lāʻau. 
I ka'ōmama o ka'āina, pono e kanuʻia nā mea kanu i ka wā e mahanahana maikaʻi ai ka lepo. ʻO kaʻawelike o ka ea welaʻo ke kau he ma kahi o +12 ° C. Inā i hana muaʻia ka paeʻana, ponoʻoe e hoʻolako i kahi kiʻi kiʻi. Hoʻopiliʻia nā mea kanu i ka manawa wale nō e waiho ai nā lālā liʻiliʻi 2-3 i luna. Ināʻoe e kanu i nāʻanoʻano i ka lepo ākea, pono lākou e paʻakikī, a ma hope o ke kanuʻana i nā wai. Hoʻonuiʻia nā mea kanu e 2-4 cm (ma muli o keʻano o ka lepo, e hoʻonuiʻia nāʻanoʻano e ka 2cm wale nō i loko o ka lepo koʻikoʻi).
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka lā 27 o Iulai ka International Day of Cucumber.Ma hope koke iho o ke kanuʻana, pono ka hānaiʻana i nā mea ulu kukumba. I ka manawa mua o ka uluʻana, pono ka huaʻai i nā mea kanu o ka'ailapiuma, i hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ulu ulu o nā lau a me ka uluʻana o ke kumu. Keʻikeʻia ka hua mua o nā ovaries, pono e hānaiʻia nā mea ulu me ka ipu lepo a me nā phosphate fertilizers, no ka mea e hāʻawi lākou i keʻano maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi i nā hua. ʻAʻole me ka hānaiʻana e pono e hoʻomau i ka hana. No nā lā ulu a pau, ua hānaiʻia ka kukama i nā manawa he 2-3.
No ka pono o ka kanuʻana i ke kūkoma. I ka wā maʻamau i waena o nā lālani, e hoʻohemo i nā nāhelehele nui. Ma hope o ka lūlūʻana i nā mea ulu lāʻau, pono i ka wai, ka'ōpala, a me ka lepo.Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia ka waiwaiwai ke kumu nui no ka mālamaʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi e liʻiliʻi i ka wai, hiki ke maloʻo ma mua o ka manawa aiʻole e hāʻawi i ka huaʻawaʻawa. Hoʻoma'ūʻia nā lālā'ōpiopio i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau lā keʻikeʻoleʻia kahi paepae kūlohelohe.
Ma waena o nāʻano likeʻole o nā kukama e pono e hoʻolohe i ka punawai, ka lima, ka Taganay, ka hoʻokūkū, Nezhinsky, Zozuliu.I ka hopena o keʻano o nā maʻi a iʻole nā mea'ālaʻi, pono e mālamaʻia nā kūmāmā me nā hoʻomākaukau palekana i ka manawa kūpono, no ka mea e emi loa ana ka hua.
Ma kēiaʻatikala mākou i haʻi aku iāʻoe e pili ana i nāʻano kūlana kaulana loa o nā kūmā kūmoa o nāʻanoʻano hou, aʻoʻoe ke koho. Ināʻoe e hahai i kaʻenehana pono o ke kanu a mālamaʻana, a laila,ʻo kekahi o nā mea i hōʻikeʻia ma luna nei, eʻoluʻolu loa ia iāʻoe i ka nui o kā lākou hua.
