Kipaha akula nā māla ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e like me kahi moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. Uaʻoi aku ma kahi o 10 mau mauʻaina o kēia mea kanu nani me nā hua ʻala maikaʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui e hana ʻia e hana i nā waina a me nā cognacs. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hua waina i ka kuke ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonaninani. ʻO ka mea pinepine ke lilo i kanaka i ke kumu o ka make o nā māla waina, akā na ka moʻomeheu i loaʻa nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe - nā maʻi a me nā mea ʻino.
No ke aha e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻoili i nā hua waina
ʻO nā maʻi bako, fungi a me nā pōpilikia hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā i ka hoʻāʻo o nā huaʻa, hōʻemi, a i kekahi manawa hoʻopau i ka wā kanu holoʻokoʻa e kali nui ʻia a hiki i ka lāʻau āpau. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻalahi a maʻalahi ma mua o ka hakakā ʻana ma hope aʻe. Ke pale i nā maʻi o nā hua waina a me nā meaʻino maikaʻi, pono e hoʻokō i ka mālama pale ʻana o ka lāʻau. ʻO ia, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ʻike ʻia kahi pilikia kūikawā, e hana koke i nā hana e hoʻopau ai.
ʻO nā maʻi ʻino loa o ka hua waina i palaualelo, a i ʻole heluhilima, a me ka oidium, a i ʻohi maoli ka wīwī. Hoʻopilikia kēia "mau lua lepo" o nā maʻi fungal i nā lau, ʻōpala, inflorescences a me nā huaʻala, pōpilikia maoli lākou no nā ʻano lāʻau maikaʻi maikaʻi loa o ʻEulopa.
ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi: i like ke ʻano o nā mea kanu i ka pōpō a me ke oidium
- loaʻa nā kukui melemele ke kukui i luna o nā lau
- ua uhi ʻia nā hua pāmaʻi me ka uhi ʻana i ke keʻokeʻo
- Hoʻokomo ka oidium i nā lau, ua uhi ʻia me ka pehu hina, kūleʻa a maloʻo
- nā oidium-pā i nā hua aʻe
ʻO nā maʻi ʻoi pū ka mea like me ka anthracnose, nā ʻano ʻano manuʻu, spotting, fusarium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Me ke kōkua o ka makani, e pālahalaha nā spores i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi, hāʻule i luna o ka mea kanu o nā mea kanu, kāpili a hoʻoulu i nā spores hou. ʻO ka hooki ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi paʻakikī.
Nui nā maʻi bakteria e mālama maikaʻi ʻia a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make o kahi lāʻau. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau o ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi bacterial, necrosis, a me ka maʻi kanesa.
Hoʻopilikia kekahi mau maʻi e nā pepeke e noho ana i nā lau a me nā wahiwi. ʻO ka pōʻino loa o kēia mau mea ʻoi nā aphids, phylloxera, nā palu lau a me nā mites spider. Kuhi ka spider mite iā ia iho he mau ʻulaʻula ulaula ma ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo o ka lau;
ʻO ia ke kumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mua.
Nui nā hua pālepa i make loa mai phylloxera (kahi pōpilikia i kau ʻia mai ʻAmelika ʻAmelika) i ka waena o ka kenekulia 19. No laila, no ka laʻana, ua nalowale nā ʻano mai kahi o ka "Madera" kaulana. I kēia manawa ua hana ʻia kēia waina mai nā ʻano like ʻole.
Newpix.ru - he nūpepa pūnaewele maikaʻi
Āhea a pehea e pīpī ai i nā hua waina
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā māla no nā kumu pale e mālama pinepine ʻia mai ka manawa e hāakaʻa ai nā hua waina i ka pūnāwai a hoʻopau i ka manawa o ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻomaha no ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole lawe ʻia ka pīpī wai i ka ua, a me kahi lā e aniani nei i ka lā, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka ʻano loiloi ʻia o nā hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa. Ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani, pono e mālama ʻia nā mea mālama palekana a pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kīpuni o ka huahana e like me nā kuhikuhi.
Hoʻohālikelike Kūʻai i ka Puna
Hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana mua ʻana i ka hua ma ka puna, ke piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 4-6e pili anaC, ma hope koke o ka wehe o nā kumuwaiwai, wale nō ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pua e pua. Ma mua, ua wehe ʻia nā lālā maloʻo a me nā maʻi mai nā mea kanu, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā lau o ka makahiki i hala. Pēlā me ka hua waina, kanu ʻia ka lepo a puni ka rhizome; kahi hāmanu nāwaliwali o ka hao keleawe e hoʻohana ʻia no kēia (he ʻekolu ʻōlelo pākēneka i ʻāpono ʻia). Ma kahi o ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia, hoʻopau ka hao keleawe i ka wehe ʻana o nā pua, kahi e kōkua ai i ka pale i nā mea kanu mai nā pūnāwai wai, hakakā nā lichens a me nā mosses a he lole maikaʻi ʻoi nā foliar.
Wikiō: ʻo ka hana mua ʻana i ka hua waina i ka puna ma hope o ka wehe
Nui ka poʻe e hana i ke kīleʻa o ka huaʻai me ka vitriol wale nō i ka wā e ulu ai, a i ka pūnāwai ke hoʻohālikelike nei lākou i nā mea kanu me kahi hopena ʻekolu ʻekolu o ka keleawe keleawe. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ia e pipi i nā lāʻau lāʻau i maʻi i ka makahiki i hala.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana me ka manuahi (mai lat. Fungus "mushroom" + lat. Caedo "make" -chemical a i ʻole mea lāʻau hou i hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku i nā maʻi ʻoi) ma hope koke o ka wehe ʻana i nā maka, aia nā lā 3-4 wale nō i nā hua ʻōpio. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka mālama ʻana o nā karbofos mai nā mea ulaula i ohua ().
Ua loio ʻia ʻo ka ʻepekema Farani a ʻo Pierre-Marie Alexis Millardde i ka wai o Bordeaux no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā maʻi o ka hua waina. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia he fungicide honua no nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Agronomu.com
Inā pono, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hana ʻana ma hope o 10 lā.
Hoʻolaha ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hope loa he mau hebedoma ma mua o ka pua. ʻAʻohe hihia e hiki ke hānai ʻia i ka wā o ka pua, hoʻoweliweli nā mea ʻalaʻehā i nā mea ulaula a hoʻomau ka hua waina me nā kīnā ʻole.
Hoʻopili i ke kinipōpō i ke kauwela
No ka mea hiki ke paʻi ʻia nā hua waina i nā maʻi i ka manawa, pono e hāpai i nā hana maʻi e kūʻē i nā maʻi maʻi i ke kauwela i ka wā e ulu ai. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka lāʻau me nā mea kanu i pili i ka lemū. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale ka Sulfur i nā mahana ma luna o nā 18 degere Celsius a ʻo ia ka hoʻomākaukau me ka azū e kōkua i ka hakakā ʻana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo pau aʻe.
ʻO ka kokoke loa i ka manawa e koho ai i nā huaʻa, ʻoi aku ka mea e makemake ai e hoʻohana i nā mea uʻi i ka hakakā ʻana no ka hua. I loko o kēia manawa, me ka wā o 1-2 mau pule, e hoʻōla pinepine au i nā kanu kanu me kahi hopena o ka potassium permanganate (5 g no 10 liters o ka wai). Hoʻohana wau i kahi pānaʻi soda (2 mau papa me ka hapa ma 10 lita o ka wai) me ka hoʻohui o 50 g o ka waiea wai a me 5-10 hāʻule o ka iodine. Hoʻonui hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia ʻano i ka ʻono o nā hua waina, ke kōkua i ka hakakā ʻana i nā nāhelehele.
Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kaʻu papa inoa o nā ala launa o ke kaiāulu no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā maʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole, ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Fitosporin-M honua āpau. Hoʻohana au iā ia i ʻekolu mau manawa no ka pīpī ʻana i nā hua waina i nā maʻi a hoʻonui i ka hua. He mea maʻalahi loa e hoʻohana i ka hoʻopiha. Ke hana nei i kahi paʻa i kekahi manawa, hoʻohana wau ia manawa me ka pau ʻole o ka manawa.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ua ulu wikiwiki ʻia ka pulehu wēlani inā ʻaʻole i hoʻoulu ʻia ka hua waina i nā lā wela, ʻoiai ʻo ka lepo ka mea o ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi. ʻIke ʻia, nāwaliwali o nā mea kanu mai ka nele o ka hoʻomōhala ʻana i ka lepo i kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi.
Video: ʻohi ʻana i nā hua waina mai nā maʻi i ka wā o ka hua ʻana mai ka oidium, mūkāheahe, anthracnose
Hoʻololi ma ke ʻano waina ma loko o ka paukū
I ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hua pipi ʻona o nā hua o ka lā, ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lau a kanu i ka hua waina, pono e hele kekahi i ka mālama hope o nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki. E hoʻomākaukau kēia mālama i nā mea kanu no ka hoʻoilo a hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i nā māla kūwaʻu maikaʻi i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Hana ʻia kēia hana ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao a me ke keleawe keleawe (3-5%).
Video: ʻo ka hopena hope ma mua o ka wahi no ka hoʻoilo
No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hua fungi a me ka pākī i ka hāʻule, hoʻoheheʻe wau i ka ʻāpana a me nā lālā o ka kumu waina. Hoʻomoʻa wau i 1 kg o ka wikiwiki i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi a lawe mai i ka hoʻonā i 10 lita.
Pehea e lawelawe ai i ka lāʻau mai nā maʻi
I ke kaua ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki o nā hua waina, me ka hao lōʻihi a me ke keleawe keleawe a me ka wai puna ʻo Bordeaux, ua loaʻa hou nā hua manu hou. No ka hoʻohana kūpono, pono ʻoe e ʻike he fungisides.
- hoʻokaʻaʻike;
- ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana;
- huiia
ʻAʻole hoʻopili i nā fungicides, akā pili kā lākou mea ponoʻi i ka hohonu o ka noi, hana lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea kanu a ke hilinaʻi nei i nā kūlana o ka wā a me ka manawa noi, ʻo ka ua mua e holoi iā lākou a hōʻemi ka hau i ka hopena. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana waho.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia me nā ʻano mea kanu maʻamau. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi. E pili ana i nā fungicides e pili ana iā Omal, Rowright a me Bordeaux.
Hana a nā fungicides systemic i ke ʻano o ka mea i loko ma ka aʻai āpau, ʻike koke ʻia ka hopena o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole e holoi ka ua iā lākou. ʻO ko lākou nele ʻo ia ka mea ua hakihaki, pono lākou e loli maʻamau, ka mea maʻamau ke hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka pua.
Hoʻohui nā mea hoʻohui i nā ʻano o nā ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau i pili, ua komo lākou iā Shavit, Ridomil Gold, Cabrio Top. Loaʻa lākou i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hālepū, keʻaʻaʻa, nā ʻano āpau, nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
Papa pākauʻi
Hoʻopilikia ʻōnaehana | ʻO ka maʻi |
Kauohaʻi Carbio | kūkaʻe |
Hoʻolaha gula | kūkaʻe |
ʻOihana | ʻekemu, oidium |
Pāʻai | oidium |
Privent | oidium |
Falcon | ʻekemu, oidium |
Fundazole | ʻekemu, oidium |
Vectra | ʻekemu, oidium |
Ronilan | hina hina |
ʻOpslelo | hina hina |
Sumylex | hina hina |
Kālā | keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele |
Tsinebom | keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele |
Flaton | keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele |
Topaz | keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele |
ʻTanlelo | keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele |
Ka Palapala Kūʻai Kūʻai
ʻO nā pōpō nui e kū ʻia ma nā hua waina he aphids (phylloxera) a me nā mites spider.
I ke kūleʻa i nā aphids, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia mau huahana neʻe i lalo:
- wikiwiki, hoʻokaʻaʻike-gastric action i nā parasites;
- Fozalon, hōʻike ʻia e ka hana lōʻihi;
- ʻO Actellik, pololei a hiki i 2 mau hola, e pale ai i ka huli ʻana o nā aphids;
- kinmix, luku no nā pākeke a me nā hua āpau
No ke kūleʻa i nā mite spider, fosalon, benzophosphate, hoʻohana ʻia ka permethrin.
ʻO kekahi pōpilikia, me ka spider mite, make ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻia me ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka ʻāhu colloidal (75%).
Hoʻāʻo wau e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau a me ke hoʻohana i nā ala ʻē aʻe. E kūʻē i nā aphids ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka infusion o ka uala a i ʻole ka piko kamato. Kālai ʻia ka 1.5 kg o nā kihi o kāhi ʻia i kēlā me kēia 10 lita o ka wai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no 3-4 mau hola. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana me ka lehu lāʻau e kōkua pū kekahi (1 mau aniani o ka lehu ma 5 lita o ka wai i hoʻopulu ʻia no 12 mau hola). ʻO ka pahuhopu ka mīkini (100 g tar tar i kahi pahu o ka wai) he hopena. A mai kahi kuhi wau e hoʻomākaukau nei i ka infusion o ka ʻalī ʻili i lalo aʻe nei: kahi pahu (ʻo ka nui i ka nui o ka nui o ka infusion) ʻo ia ka mea i piha ʻia me ka ʻalahala aʻai, a ninini nui ʻia (60-70e pili anaC) me ka wai, ke koi nei au i nā lā 1-2. Ma hope o ke kānanaʻana, hoʻomoʻa wau i ka wai ʻelua a hoʻohana koke.
Nā loiloi o nā winegrowers
ʻAʻole wau e hana me Fundazole ma ka manawa hoʻokahi, a lilo wau i hoʻokahi mālama maʻi me Ridomil Gold i kēlā me kēia makahiki he pale. ʻOi aku ka makemake e hana hou ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke ahi ʻūlū. A ʻaʻole au e hoʻohana iā Nitrafen. A ma hope o ka pua ʻana, ʻoi aku ka makemake o kekahi mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā puʻu Abiga. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka mālama ʻana iā Kursat. A ʻaʻole wau e hoʻohana i nā insecticides i ka manawa, no ka mea ʻAʻohe aʻu huapalapala a me kahi lauwili. Ua hele wāwae wale ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka ulu ulu a puni ka māla waina me ka makaʻu, a hoʻāʻo wau i nā huaʻaona mai ka lāʻau. A mai ka hopena o ka pua a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake, ʻaʻole wau e hana i ka kemika.
Vladimir Stary Oskol, Keʻāina ʻo Belgorod//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140
I mea e pale ai i ka palaʻa, hoʻohana wau iā Horus a me Switch.
ʻO ka Palapala Vasily Kulakov Stary Oskol Belgorod//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140
No kekahi mau makahiki ua hana wau me Cabrio Top, EDC. ʻAno ʻoluʻolu wau i ka hopena: hana maikaʻi ʻia me ke kūleʻa, anthracnose, oidium a me ka ʻeleʻele. I ka wā mālama, pono i kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā pili wale i nā hua lāʻau i ke kula ʻoi loa, no ka mea ʻo 60 ka lā o ke kali ʻana. Ma kēia māla huaʻaʻa ʻaʻole wau e hoʻohana pono. ʻOiai i loko o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, ma mua o ka pua ʻana, i kekahi manawa a lākou i hoʻoō hoʻi iā lākou ...
ʻO ka'āpana o Fursa Irina Ivanovna Krasnodar//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=32.140
ʻO ka hoʻolālā mua, ma hope koke o ka lawe ʻana i ka pale-500 gr, LCD, 10 l, wai. E kanu hoʻi i ka ʻāina a puni nā lāʻau. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻo ʻana o nā māla, 250 g, amoni nitrate, ma 1 sq m mau, ka wai kahe i ka huaʻala nui o ka huaʻala, inā he lau a maloʻo paha. ʻO ka hana mua o nā mea ulu, ka nui o ka lau, he kālā ʻelima keneta. ʻO Ridomil Gold-50 gr, Topsin M-25g, Horus-6 gr, Bi 58 hou, e like me nā kauoha. ʻO ka hopena hou, ma hope o ka pua ʻana, ʻelua mau pule. Nā lāʻau like a + Kolukini walima, 60-80 g, no 10 pākaha o ka wai. Hiki i kēia hana ke hoʻohana i nā mea nui, nā mea nui loa, nā lā palena e mau i ka hana ʻole aʻaila. I nā māka ma hope mai, ua noi wau i ke kolu o ka mālama ʻana, ʻo Teldor, e like me nā ʻōlelo + potassium permanganate + soda. ʻAʻole au i hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. I kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻekolu, i ka hāʻule, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa au i ka pā waina me Dnokom.
ʻO Alexey Kosenko, Kherson wahi ʻO Golopristansky būlū.//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=14904
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka māla waina i nā makahiki he nui (a hiki i 100 mau makahiki): ka pakeke o ka ulu lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ʻono o nā hua. No laila, mai palau ʻoe, hana i nā mea a pau e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, pale i ke kumu waina mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki, a ʻo ka hopena o kāu hana he mea ʻono maikaʻi nā hua waina.