ʻO nā ʻoki lāʻau ʻo ia kekahi o nā ala maʻalahi a me ka hilinaʻi hoʻi o ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i nā hua waina, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi e kiʻi i ka nui o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe. Kūpono i kekahi mau kānāwai maʻalahi, ke ulu nui nei i nā hua waina mai nā ʻokiʻoki he mea maikaʻi loa no ka māla hoʻomaka ʻana me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole.
Ma hea a me nā hua waina e ulu ai mai nā ʻokiʻoki
I nā hua waina, ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻano āpau āpau. Eia nō naʻe, no ka hāleanemikola hema ma nā wahi i hoʻolaha ʻia ai ka maʻi pīpī kuauhau - phylloxera (grape root aphids), pono ʻia ke ulu wale i nā ʻano phylloxera-pale i ko lākou aʻa. E pili ana kēia:
- Moldova
- No ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Negrul,
- Alpha
- Kauwe
- Kamakahi o Magarach a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Pākuʻi nui ʻia nā ʻano hua loina Pākīpika palu e nā phylloxera, ke noho nei iā lākou ʻaʻole ma ka lau, akā, ma nā aʻa maloʻo, kahi i aneane ʻole ka pōloli e make me ka luku ʻole ʻana i ka mea kanu ponoʻī. Hoʻokahi koke ʻia nā lāʻau i hoʻopili ʻia mai ka ʻoka ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. Ua māhele ʻia ʻo Phyloxera i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa a me ka Hikina, i ka Crimea, i loko o Caucasus (e komo pū ana me nā Krasnodar a me Stavropol Territory), ma ka Rostov Region, a ma Ukraine a me Moldova. I kēia mau'āina, ulu nā mea Europa kahiko wale nō i nā lāʻau mālama phylloxera-kūʻokoʻa.
Phyloxera - ka nui o ka hoʻokūkū pīpī kūwaho o nā māla kūlima hema
ʻAʻohe phylloxera i Belarus, ka waena o Rūsia, ka'āina Moscow, ka ʻāina Volga, ʻo Kazakhstan, nā Urals a me Siberia, a me nā hua waina i kūpono i ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo, ʻāwili ka ʻala a me ka ʻono. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā moʻomeheu o ka hua waina ma mua o kēia - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea kanu ke ola mai ke aʻa ʻāpono ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ʻana i nā ʻāpana ea i ka hoʻoilo.
Āhea a pehea e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka ʻokiʻoki hua waina no ke kanu ʻana
ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā ʻoki waina i ka wā o ka wā ma mua o ka ʻala ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana ma ʻOkakopa a ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hau maloʻo. I ka pūnāwai, he mea kūpono ʻole kēia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōpala i pōkulu a maloʻo paha ma luna o ka hoʻoilo.
Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, loaʻa kekahi hihia i ka wā hoʻoilo a ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka puna wai, ua kiki maikaʻi nā kumu waina piha, ua kulu wale ʻia ka hoʻoilo ma ka ʻāina i ka hoʻoilo ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo. Akā he ʻano o ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo i ka lāʻau o ka uhi ʻole o ka uhi ʻana, a ʻo ka hoʻoilo ke kūleʻa a he pāwī.
I ka wā hāʻule, ua koho ʻia nā māla ʻōpio maikaʻi no nā ʻokiʻoki. Pono lākou e lōlū maikaʻi (me kahi pālahalaha palaka), ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻoki a loaʻa ke aniani o 1 cm mau, ʻokiʻoki, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā ʻoki mai 30 a 70 cm ka lōʻihi, e hana ana i nā ʻāpana 3-4 cm mai ke keiki a me ka wehe ʻana i nā lau āpau.
Ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā hua waina i ka hāʻule ʻana ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka māla
Inā makemake ʻia ka ʻōpala no ka mālama ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi no ka hele ʻana i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i hope ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka paraffin wai e hōʻemi ai i ka poho haʻahaʻa (ma mua o ka hoʻolū ʻana a me ka kanu ʻana, pono ke ʻokiʻoki i lalo ka mea i hiki ai ke ʻokiʻoki i ka wai).
ʻO ka kanu kanu ʻana o nā ʻoki waina i kahi paʻa mau
I nā kūlana o Ukraine a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia, kahi kūpono o ka kanu ʻana i ka ʻūlū o ka ʻokiʻoki hou loa i kahi wahi mau loa. Hoʻopili wale lākou i ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa i loko o ka honua palupalu a hoʻoinu nui ʻia. Pono kahi o ka lalo o kahi paʻa i ka hohonu o ka 0.5 m, a waiho wale ka ʻōpū i luna ma luna o ka lepo.
No ka kanu kanu ʻana, makemake ʻia nā ʻoki lōʻihi hiki i kanu ʻia ma kahi kihi.
Wikiō: ka kanu kanu ʻana o nā ʻoki waina
I ko mākou ʻāina Volga waena, kanu koke ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻokiʻī i kahi wahi paʻa i ka māla mau ka mea maʻamau i kūleʻa no ka kūlohelohe kūwaho o nā hua waina ʻole.
Ma Belarus a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūdeka waena, hiki i ka lōlū o ke kanu ʻana o ka ʻokiʻoki o ka hoʻoilo-maloʻo ke ʻano lāʻau ʻākau ʻokoʻa. No ka hoʻoilo i hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma luna o ka wē o ka pana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ninini i kahi kuahi ʻo earthen me ke kiʻekiʻe o 20-30 cm ka mea e pono e ʻohi ʻia i ka puna ma hope o ka lūlū i ka lepo.
ʻO nā ʻokiʻoki o nā hua lāʻau ma ke kūkulu hema ma ka Mīkini ʻo Moscow a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole me ke kauwela pōkole, a me kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻano māla maikaʻi aʻe i nā Urals a me Siberia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo o nā hua waina
I ka home, he mea maʻalahi ke mālama i nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o kahi friji kuʻuna maʻamau ma kahi mahana o 1-3 ° C, e kau ana iā lākou i loko o ka peke wai. I nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe, aia kahi pilikia o ka ala mua ʻana o ka pēpē. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ho'ōla i nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o ka papahele a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi i loko o ka pahu me kahi lehua a hoʻomāhuʻu lūlū ʻia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e nānā pinepine iā lākou i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka mahana a me ke kūlana haʻahaʻa inā pono. Pono e ho'ōki ma mua o ka wahi e ʻokiʻoki ʻia mai ka hale kūʻai aku a kau i ke aʻa.
Ke kanu ʻia ʻana o nā hua waina i ka pūnāwai
Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka pua wai i ka ʻokiʻoki maʻa mau me nā aʻa ʻaʻole hiki i nā māla hema me nā hōʻuluʻulu lōʻihi a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a kanu ʻia ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki i ka hāʻule i kahi paʻa mau. I nā kūlana o ka Mōkona ʻo Moscow, nā Urals, a me Siberia, ʻokiʻoki i kanu ʻia ʻole me nā aʻa i loko o ka māla, ʻaʻohe o ka manawa e aʻa ai ke aʻa a hāʻule i ka wā hoʻoilo. No laila, i nā wahi me nā pōkole pōkole a me nā māla weliweli, e ulu mua nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ma ka lumi i kahi windowsill ma mua o ke kanu.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻokiʻoki ma ka home
No ka Lādana o Moscow, ʻo ka manawa maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaka ai i ka kanu mua ʻana o ka hōʻola ʻana i nā hua waina i ka hopena o Pepeluali - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Malaki. No ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā māla ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻokiʻoki me ʻekolu a i ʻole ʻelua mau ʻōpū (ʻelua maka) no kēia.
ʻO ka ʻano iki o nā ʻokiʻoki hoʻokahi maka me ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea pono e hiki ai ke kahakaha ʻia (e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ke kī ke kīwī ʻana) me ka hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻana (e hāmama mau ana i nā puka makani), no laila e kū pono ʻia nā aʻa ma mua o nā pua mai ka ʻokoʻa.
ʻEnehana o nā pua preplant o ʻokiʻoki:
- E nānā pono i nā ʻokiʻoki i hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka puʻu a i ʻole kāīkī, hoʻomohala i ka pauku oblique e pili ana he kenimika ma lalo o ka lalo haʻahaʻa. ʻO kahi ola, ke ola kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻokiʻae e pono e hou a ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole kūpono ka paʻapaha (brown and brittle) a ʻokiʻoki ʻino hoʻi no ke kanu ʻana.
- E ʻokiʻoki i ka haʻalulu haʻahaʻa o ka paʻa (makapō) i hiki ke hele mai ka pana wale mai nā lua o luna.
Hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana: hōʻano hou i ka ʻoki, makapō i ke kua lalo, e hoʻolei iki me kahi pahi
- Ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka paʻa, e kahakaha pono i kahi mau puʻupuʻu lōʻihi e lūlū me kahi pahi ʻoi no ka hoʻopohala maikaʻi ʻana i nā aʻa.
- Hoomalo i nā ʻokiʻī no kahi lā ma ka wai kānana i ka mahana o ka lumi i hoʻihoʻi ai i nā mālama wai i loko o lākou.
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka ʻokiʻī me ka hoʻōla hoʻāla e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
- E kau i nā ʻoki me ko lākou mau lalo haʻahaʻa (5 cm) i loko o kahi pahu me kahi wai liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e pīpī i nā ʻokiʻoki i kahi pahu me kahi wai liʻiliʻi
- E kau i ka ipu ma luna o ka wai hoʻoneʻe i hoʻoluʻu ʻia a mai poina e nānā i ka pae wai, me ka hoʻohui pū i ia manawa me ka mea e maloʻo ai. ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi e kau i ke kāwaho i waena o ka wai a me ka lewa.
Hoʻokumu ka hana a ka lāʻau i ka palena o ka wai a me ka lewa
Vitio: kaomiʻana o nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o ka wai
Ke kanu nei i nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā hue
Algorithm o nā hana:
- I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā aʻa liʻiliʻi (1-3 cm) i loko o kahi ʻoki e kū ana i loko o ka wai, pono ia e hoʻololi iā lākou i ka lepo. Hoʻopili pinepine nā aʻa loloa i ka wā o ke hoʻololi.
Ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā aʻa, pono ke huki ʻia nā ʻokiʻoni mai kahi kao wai i ka lepo
- No ke kanu ʻana, kahi ʻano māla lau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu kūloko me ka nui o ka moena i ka ʻōlelo o 6.0-7.5 a i ʻole ka lau i kūkulu ʻia ʻia o ka lau o ka lau me ka wai kahawai palaka maikaʻi. ʻO ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina no kēlā me kēia ʻokiʻī he 0.5 lita (akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi mai 1 lita a ʻoi aku paha).
He mea kūpono ia e hoʻohana i nā hue ʻili palupalu no ka kanu ʻana, ma ka hapa haʻahaʻa kahi pono e pono ai i ka pā hou i kekahi mau lua i kahe wai nui.
He mea kūpono ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā kīʻaha plastik a ʻokiʻoki paha i nā hue
- Pono e kau i nā ʻōpala i kau ʻia ma ka puka aniani i hoʻopiha ʻia a i ʻole ʻia me ka loggia i hoʻomoʻi ʻia ʻia me ka pākī ma luna o 15 ° C.
Pono e mālama i nā ʻoki lāʻau i ka puka aniani
- Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e kanu pinepine ʻia nā ʻoki, pale i ka maloʻo ʻana o ka lepo.
E hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka ʻoki i nā mea kanu
Ke kanu nei i nā ʻokiʻoki i kahi wahi paʻa ma ka māla
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā ʻoki ʻoki i loko o ka māla ma kahi mau ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā pūnāwai punaʻai (no ka Mōkona Moscow ʻo kēia ka hopena o Mei - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune. E hana i kēia:
- Ma kahi kokoke i nā kākoʻo paʻa mua (ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka kūkulu ʻana i nā trellis mai kahi kelepona i hoʻomālamalama ʻia ma waena o nā pou), pono ʻoe e ʻimi i nā lua kahawai me ka hohonu o 0.5 m a me kahi anawaena o 40 cm. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā lua pā e pili ana iā 1.5 m.
No ke kanu waina, ʻeli i nā lua me ka hohonu o 0,5 m a me ka diameter o 40 cm
- Ma ka lalo o ka lua, e kau i kahi pahu me kahi sawele lepo, e kāpīpī me ka lepo momona me ka hoʻohui o ka humus a ninini nui i nā wai (1 pākaʻi wai i kēlā me kēia mea kanu).
- Inā he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā mea kanu, ʻo ka hoʻopiha hope ʻana o nā lua kanu me ka honua e lawe ʻia ana i ka wā o ke kauwela a ke ulu nei nā wana.
- He mea pono e uhi i nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia me nā agrofibre e pale mai ka lā pololei a me nā ʻoi hiki ʻole ke hala, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā kanu mua.
Video: kanu i nā hua i ulu i loko o ka māla
Ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻoki waina i kanu ʻia
I ka wā kauwela, he maloʻo nui ka ʻāina ma kahi pāla ʻōpio. I nā wai wela, maloʻo maloʻo, pono ʻia ka wai i 1-2 mau manawa i ka hebedoma, 1 pahu wai wai no kēlā me kēia lāʻau. Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu i ko lākou ulu ulu ana me kahi trellis. Inā i loko o ka makahiki mua ke pua mai nā mea kanu ma nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoki koke aku iā lākou i ʻole ke hoʻopilikia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā aʻa.
ʻO nā pua i hana ʻia i ka makahiki mua e ʻoki loa a i ʻole e nāwaliwali i nā mea kanu ʻōpio
I ka hoʻoilo, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hua waina mai kā lākou kākoʻo, waiho ʻia i ka ʻāina a uhi ʻia no ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o kahi ʻano like ʻole i kēia mau kūlana kime. Mai ka lua o ka makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana - mālama e like me kahi māla pākeke maʻamau.
Hoʻomoeʻia nā hua waina ma ke kauwela o ke kauwela i kaʻokiʻoki
Hiki ke ʻokiʻoki i nā hua waina i ke kauwela.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka lihilihi lau-one ʻāinana ke hoʻolapalapa nei i nā ʻano waiwai hou
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka maka hoʻokahi (me ka pua hoʻokahi) ka ʻokiʻoki pua ʻana e hāʻawi i kahi mea nui loa o ka kanu ʻana mai kahi mea kanu, he mea nui loa ia no ka hoʻohua ʻana o nā ʻano momona like ʻole.
ʻO ke kāohi nui o nā ʻokiʻoki o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo ia ka pono e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻoilo mua ʻana i nā hua kanu i loaʻa i kēia ala ma kahi pā hale a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. No laila, ʻo ka ʻoho ʻana i nā kaila ʻōmaʻomaʻo i maikaʻi loa i loko o nā kīʻaha, e maʻalahi ka neʻe ʻana i ka wahi kūpono me ka hūnā ʻole i nā aʻa me kahi mea e neʻe hou aku.
ʻO nā ʻenehana o ka kāohi ʻana i ka ʻala hoʻokahi.
- E koho i nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo maikaʻi a hoʻonui ʻia i kēia makahiki o ka hapa o ka peni pala. Ma hope o ka hōʻoki ʻana, hoʻokomo koke iā lākou i loko o kahi pā o ka wai. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia i loko o ke ao kikeke.
No nā keʻokiʻoki, nā lālā kuʻi me kahi mānoanoa ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o kahi penikala ua koho ʻia
- Mai nā pua i koho ʻia, ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻokiʻoki me kahi node. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻoki loa e kū i ka 1-2 cm ma luna o ka puʻu, ʻo ke ʻoki hāʻule loa e waiho ʻia 3-4 cm ma lalo o ke kuʻo.
- E ʻokiʻoki i nā lau nui i ka ʻoki i ka hapa e hōʻemi i ka make ʻana o ka wai. Ke waiho nei nā kamana liʻiliʻi (nā wana liʻiliʻi ma ke kumu o ka lau) e waiho ʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa.
Ke ʻokiʻoki i nā lau nui, ʻokiʻoki iā lākou i ka hapalua; waiho i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i ke kumu o nā lau āpau
- E hoʻokau i nā ʻokiʻoki me ka lalo lalo i loko o nā kīʻaha me ka hoʻokaʻawale a me nā lau lepo i hoʻomohu ʻia me ka hoʻohui o ke one a ʻo ka pae o ka lau petiole ma ka pae. E ninini ma luna o ka wai.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lau ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā kīʻaha pilikino
- E kau i nā kīʻaha me ʻokiʻoki ma kahi hale me ka mahana o 20-25 ° C. Inā kahi ma kahi aniani, pono ke keʻokeʻo i kona aniani i mua e pale aku iā ia mai ka lā pololei.
- Pono ka mālo o ka ʻāina o nā ʻōpala. Ma hope o 2 mau pule, e kū pono nā aʻa, a ma hope o kekahi hebedoma, e hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā hua hou.
Keliʻi iki nā hua o nā ʻōpala uliuli, no laila no ka hoʻoilo mua ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka papahele a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo
- Pono e ʻokiʻoki i ko lākou kiki mua i kā lākou hoʻoilo ma ka hale kanu a i lalo paha, a i ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki e hiki ai ke kanu ʻia iā lākou ma ka māla i kahi paʻa.
Vitio: hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻana i nā hua waina me nā ʻokiʻoki
Hoike Mai
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole lākou e overhole. Me nā ʻoki maloʻo, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā hua.
Kauiʻi//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=6133&page=2
ʻEhā mau makahiki wau i hana ai i ka hua waina, ua hoʻohana wau iā ia e ʻoki i ke kauwela, ua hoʻopau koke nā aʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻaʻohe pilikia, ma ka wā o ka wā keʻu ia he mea kanu liʻiliʻi.
Marisha//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=1793.0
ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa e hana me nā ʻokiʻoki i ke ala waena i Pepeluali-Malaki. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka loea i ka wā pōkole i kahi lanakila (nāwaliwali nā mea kanu).
Yakimov//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t16373.html
Ke ulu nei i kahi paʻi maikaʻi mai kahi hua maikaʻi mai nā ʻokiʻoki, inā maopopo ʻoe a e hahai i kekahi mau kānāwai maʻalahi no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kēia hōʻoki. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi nui ʻana ʻo ia ke kanu ʻana i nā hua niʻa mai nā ʻokiʻoki no ke kaona ʻākau o ka viticulture, kahi e waiho ʻole ai ka phylloxera e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana me nā lāʻau kū ʻole kūpono.
