Nā hua waina - ka moʻomeheu kahiko i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. Nā ʻustlelo puaʻa i helu ʻia i ka Old Old. A hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hua waina huaʻai i hakakā ma waena o Noa a me kāna mau keiki. I kēia lā, mahalo i nā hoʻoikaika o nā ʻepekema, nā mea kanu, ua neʻe nā hua waina mai ke ʻano mahana o ke kaiāulu kaiāulu i nā wahi ʻono, e komo pū ana i ka waena a me nā ʻaoʻao o kā mākou ʻāina. He mea kupanaha ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like o kēia moʻomeheu: i ko mākou manawa, aia ma kahi o 4300. A i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like a kaulana loa i Lūkia.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā mea kanu i nā hua waina kumu
Loaʻa ka ʻano like ma Ukraine ma ke Institute of Viticulture a me Winemaking. V.E. Tairova i 1987. Ua komo pū ia me loko o ke kākau inoa mokuʻāina o nā hua hoʻokō o ka Russian Russian for the North Caucasus Region in 2009. Ua loaʻa ka mea maoli ma ke keʻa ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano he nui o Datier de Saint-Valle a me Damaseko e kū nei, a ua hoʻokele wale ia i nā ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi loa o kona "mau mākua". Mai Datier de Saint-Valle, kahi hau hoʻoilina a ka maʻi i hoʻoili ʻia ai ka maʻi, a ua kū ʻo Damaseko he ʻano kupanaha a me nā ono.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano
Ua loaʻa i kona inoa kona inoa i nā huaʻala, nā mea, ma muli o ke ʻano elongated-ovoid, he helehelena maoli loa. Eia kekahi, no kā lākou hiʻohiʻona, kau ka hua waina i nā ʻōpala i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole, e like me ka hedgehog. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hua momona nui loa - ke kaupaona nei o nā huaʻa i 6-7 g. Hoʻomau ka ʻōpiopio i nā nui gigant a ke kaupaona nei ʻo 500-600 g, a ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono e hiki ai i kāna papaho ke hiki i 1 kg a i ʻole.
ʻO ka hua pāpaʻi mākaū ʻia i loaʻa hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau hua. He momona ka'ōmono, he mea maʻalahi, akā i ka manawa like me nā mea ʻono like.
ʻO nā lau o ka Original na nui, pubescent ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo, medium-dissected. Hoʻōla ka hua waina.
ʻO ka mea kumu he papa pākaukau me ka hua lawe hua o 1.2-1.7. Ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻōwili o nā ʻokiʻoki. E ulu ana ka manawa ulu i ka 135-145 mau lā, no laila e hoʻomaka lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ke kauwela a i ʻole - ma nā ʻāina ʻākau i ka mua o Kepakemapa. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻano kamaha o nā ʻano lahilahi ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā hua ʻai i nā kumu.
Hiki i ka ulu lāʻau ke kū i nā frosts i -21 ° C a pono kahi e hoʻomaha ai no ka hoʻoilo.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pale mau i nā maʻi.
I mea e ku pono ai ka ʻūhā ʻana o nā hua hua i nā mea i hui ʻia, e pono ʻia e wehe i ka ʻāpana o nā lau i ke kauwela, kahi e hoʻoili ai i nā mea momona e hoʻokūkū ai i nā hua waina.
Kiʻi Kiʻi: Hōʻike ʻAle Pūnaewele
- ʻO ka paona o kahi hua waina: ʻoi ka mea maʻamau ma mua o 1 kg.
- ʻO nā hua waina o ka Mana Loa, i paʻi ʻia ma ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula māmā, hiki i ka 7 g ke paona
- Nā hua waina i ʻohi ʻia i ka hopena o ʻAukake - i ka mua o Kepakemapa
Ke kanu ʻia ʻana i nā hua waina
ʻAʻole ʻoe e kali no kahi hōʻiliʻili waiwai, inā ʻoe e hana hewa i ka wā e koho ai i nā mea kanu. I ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua waina, pono ʻoe e mālama pono i ka ʻōnaehana - pono ia hoʻomohala ʻia. E nānā pono, pono ka liʻiliʻi o nā hua liʻiliʻi i nā aʻa maloʻo nui, a ʻo ka "ʻumiʻumi" o nā aʻa liʻiliʻi e mama a ʻōwili. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo e noi i ka mea kūʻai aku e ʻoki i hoʻokahi kuʻekuʻe. E ʻoluʻolu a ʻalohi a ʻokiʻoki. He hōʻailona kēia e ola ana ka seedling a mākaukau e neʻe i loko o kāu māla. Inā hiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i kahi hua kanu me kahi pūnaehana pani paʻa.
Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu ma ka wahi ākea
ʻO nā hua waina he mea kanu thermophilic, no laila no kāna kanu, koho i kahi ākea ākea i nā lāʻau lāʻau aiʻole nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi. Mālama lākou i nā mea kanu mai nā makani anuanu.
ʻAʻole mākou e manaʻo i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ma ka māla waina. ʻO kahi kokoke o nā hua waina me nā huaʻai a kamato paha e pale wale i nā mea kanu mai ka ulu ʻana.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua waina i loko o ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kahe wai, a i ka hāʻule paha - ma mua o nā hoʻomaka ʻana o nā nahu mua. Pono e ʻili pono i nā lua me ke anawaena o 30-40 cm, hohonu - ma ke bayonet o kahi kaula. Hiki ke kāwili ʻia ka lepo mai ka lua i ka wīwī ʻana a me ke one pālua i ka pā 2: 1: 1.
He mea maikaʻi i ka hoʻonāukiuki i nā aʻa kumu lāʻau ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i kahi mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu (no ka laʻana, ma Kornevin) ma mua o ke kanu. ʻO nā hormones i loaʻa i ka hoʻomākaukau e hoʻoulu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke aʻa, e hoʻonui ai i ke ola ʻana o ka hua o ka hua seedling.
I kēia manawa ke hoʻomau ʻia me ka pae ʻāina:
- Mai ka papaʻa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka lalo o ka lua a mākou e ʻāʻulu ai.
- Hoʻokomo mākou i kahi hua huiki ma kēia puʻu. Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi mākou i nā aʻa ma nā "puu."
Ke kanu nei i nā hua waina, pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono pololei i nā aʻa
- Hoʻopiha mākou i ka hapalua o ka lua me ka honua. E pākuʻi i ka lepo me kou wāwae a puna i hoʻokahi wai o ka wai. I kēia manawa nā pōkole mikroskopika o ka honua e hoʻopuni i nā lauoho o nā kumu waina a hiki ke hoʻololi pono i ka lepo i ka ona.
- Hoʻokomo mākou i kahi pāwī e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka lau ʻana o kā mākou māla.
- Hoʻopiha mākou i ka lua me ke koena lepo i uhi ʻia ka piko o ka huaʻu i ka lepo ma o 5-6 cm.
He mea nui ia e kanu ana i nā aʻa o ka hua huʻa ʻaʻole kū ʻole. ^ E Ha yM. Inā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke aʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā maka me nā ʻoki.
Wikiō: nā kanu kūpono o nā hua waina ma kahi ākea
ʻO ka mālama mālama mua
He mea maʻalahi ke ulu a kūlohelohe a ʻaʻohe pono nā mea mālama kūikawā.
ʻAʻole pono ka inu pinepine ʻana i nā hua waina: ua hoʻōki ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa ma ka hebedoma i ka wikiwiki o 10 lita o ka wai (hoʻokahi pāheo) i kēlā me kēia lāʻau.
He mea pono e hana i ke kaʻina hana hōʻoki. I ka makahiki mua i ka hopena o Iune, ʻekolu mau hua ʻehā i kau i loko o ka hua ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. Pono e waiho kekahi o lākou, a laila lilo ka mea kanu i ka ikehu i ke kūpono o kona ulu.
I ka wā kanu, waiho wale i kahi pana pua ʻōpio hoʻokahi
I kekahi mau manawa i ka manawa pono e hānai i nā hua waina. No ka hana i kēia, pono ʻoe e eli i kahi kuʻikuʻu (40 cm) pākolo a puni ka mea kanu i ka lōʻihi o ka liʻiliʻi o 0,5 m mai ke kumu. E hāʻawi i kēia helu hāʻawi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nāʻaʻahu maikaʻi loa i nā aʻa. I ka wā e ulu ana, e lawe ʻia ana nā ʻaina kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻo ka lole luna mua e lawe ʻia ana i loko o ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka wehe ʻana i ka wahi hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo. 20 g o ka superphosphate, 10 g o ka ammonium nitrate a me 5 g ka paʻakai pālolo e hoʻopau ʻia i 10 l o ka wai (ʻo ia kahi mahele o ka lāʻau hoʻokahi);
- Hoʻomelima ʻia nā hua waina me ka hana like like ma mua o ka pua;
- i ka wā o ka hua ʻana, ua hānai ʻia me ka like o ka like, ʻaʻole i ka paʻakai pālima;
- ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ma kahi ʻē, pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā potash e kōkua i ka mea kanu ola i ka hoʻoilo.
Pono e hoʻolako pinepine i ka lepo a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, mai poina e hoʻopoina i nā mea weuweu i ka manawa o ke kauwela.
ʻAʻole ʻae i ka ʻōnaehana o nā hua waina i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, kahi e alakaʻi pinepine ai i ka make ʻana o kekahi mau aʻa i nā papahele o ka ʻili.
Hoʻopili ka ʻaoʻao o ke ʻōnaehana o nā hua waina i ka hau.
No ka hōʻalo ʻana i kēia, ua pono ʻia e hoʻokō i kēia kaʻina hana i loko o ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻAukake.
- I ke kakahiaka, puni nā hua waina i ʻeli ai lākou i kahi lua pāpale 20 cm hohonu.
- E mālama pono i nā aʻa me kahi pahi pruner a māla paha e kokoke ana i ka pana e like.
- A laila e uhi ʻia ka lua i ka honua a hoʻopaʻa ʻia maikaʻi.
Nā maʻi a me nā ala no kā lākou mālama ʻana
He ʻano kūlike ka maʻi o nā ʻano o nā hua waina, no laila he mea pono ke ʻike i ka maʻamau maʻamau a hiki ke hana iā lākou.
Palaha: nā maʻi maʻamau o nā kumu waina maoli
| ʻO ka maʻi | Kukulu | Nā hōʻailona waho |
| Hōʻulu maloʻo | Hoʻokauʻuhū o ka ʻōiwi Peronospora | ʻO ka maʻi anggur ākea maʻamau. ʻO nā lau i uhi ʻia me nā wahi melemele a me kahi pūnaewele hoʻonaninani, kapa-like like me ka hyphae. Hōʻemi koke nā wahi i ʻole me ka mālama pono ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla pono i ka maʻi, akā ua pale ʻia kāna mau hopena ʻino e nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā |
| ʻO ka ʻōpala Powdery | ʻUa paʻa o ka ʻohana Peronosporaceae | Me ka maʻi, lilo nā lau o nā hua i uhi ʻia me kahi kāʻei hina, a lilo nā ʻili o nā hua waina, a lilo lākou i kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana. Ke holo holomua nei ka maʻi inā aia nā kūlana kūpono no nā microorganisms pathogenic: nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me kahi pālahalaha ma kahi o 25 ° C. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i nā mea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi i ka manawa, a laila me ka hopena kiʻekiʻe e waiho ʻia ʻoe me ka hua ʻole, a i ʻelua mau makahiki, ʻoi aku paha ʻoe i ke aloha i ka māla waina |
| Alternaryosis | ʻŌpū o ka ʻano ʻano genus Alternaria | ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi ka ʻike ma nā lau o kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hala ʻia kahi “corrosion”, e hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā lau i ke ala mai ka kihi a hiki i nā veins waena. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi i nā ʻāpana a pau o ka mea kanu. ʻO ka wai, ua hoʻohuihui ka pūnāwai puna i ka hoʻolaha i ka alternariosis |
| ʻO ka maʻi kanesa | Nā baki Agrobacterium | ʻO ka hōʻailona nui ka neoplasms ma luna o nā pua o nā hua waina. ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpala maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama iā ia, e pono ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka māla. Eia nō hoʻi, ma kēia wahi ʻaʻole ia e ulu a ulu i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki. |
| Grey pala | ʻO ka ʻili Botrytis | Hoʻokomo ʻia ka uhi palupalu i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka mea kanu, ma muli o ke ʻano i lilo nā hua ʻole i lilo ʻole a pono ʻole i ka meaʻai |
| Keokeo keʻokeʻo | ʻO ka pua Coniothyrium | ʻO ka hōʻailona e nānā nui nei, he uhi keokeo e uhi ana i nā kumu a me nā hua. Hōʻalo koke nā ʻōpala i hoʻopili ʻia i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona. I ka hapanui o ka manawa maʻamau e pili ana i ka pala keʻokeʻo i nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia e ka popo a i ke ahi paha. |
| ʻOliuli ʻōpala | Hoʻokāʻuhū o ka genus Guignardia | Kahi wahi keʻokeʻo me kahi keʻena keʻokeʻo e kū mai ma luna o nā hua. ʻAʻole i liuliu, ua loli ke ʻōpala āpau i kona kala. I ka wā hāʻule, hāʻule kēlā mau hua me, a me nā lau, ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana o ka maʻi i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. No kahi lōʻihi loa, ulu ke maʻi mai ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i nā hōʻailona o waho i ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻalo |
ʻO ka hale kiʻi kiʻi: ka maʻi maʻamau o nā hua waina
- ʻEleʻeleʻele o nā hua waina - kahi maʻi kulā e hōʻemi ai i ka hua
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā maʻi kinipona huakini i nā wana, he mea hiki ke pau
- ʻO ke aniani o Powdery ma luna o nā hua o ke kumu waina i ka ʻili o ka hua a hoʻopau i ka hua
- ʻO ka palaka kōkāhea pinepine e pili pinepine i ka mea kanu i ka hoʻoilo anuanu
- ʻO ka palaʻai Powdery ma nā lau - ʻo ka maʻi mākaukau maʻamau
- Puhi ka hina hina ma ke kumu lāʻau o nā hua waina
- Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ke kaʻe ʻāina o nā hua waina i nā mea kanu ma hope o ka huaʻī a puhi paha
ʻO ka hapanui o ka maʻi e hoʻopili nei i nā ʻano like ʻole i kūpaʻa i ke keʻa, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pale ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻōla. Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo maʻalahi e pono ai ʻoe e hahai e pale i nā maʻi ʻino ma ka pā waina.
- inā hiki ke hoʻohana kō nā kōmala mineral. ʻO nā hui kuʻuna kahi pāhoʻi maʻamau o nā maʻi fungal;
- hana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōpala lau i ka hāʻule. He mea makemake no ka ʻoi aku o ka hana nui ma mua o ka māla;
No ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi o nā hua waina, pono e puhi ʻia ka ʻila lau, no ka mea e hiki ke kau i ka nui o nā fungi e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi
- ka nui o ka nāu keu ke kumu nui no nā maʻi ʻoi, no laila, mai poina e hoʻokuʻu mau i ka ʻāina a ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka uhaki nui ʻana o nā kanu kanu;
- Mai kanu i nā hua waina i ka lepo momona.
Inā ʻaʻole kōkua ke pale ʻana a ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi fungal i loko o kāu māla waina, a laila pono ʻoe e huli i nā fungicides. I kēia mau lā he iwakāluakūmākahi mau kenekulia i ka pā, akā mau ka keleawe keleawe ka mea a ʻoi loa ka pupa. ʻO kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻalahi, maʻalahi ka loaʻa i nā hale māla. No ka lūlū i nā hua waina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hopena o 0.5%: no 10 l o ka wai - 50 g o ka paupena:
- i ka puna, hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea kanu ma mua o ka hāwā ʻana o nā pua;
- hana ʻia me ka sulphate i ke kauwela ua mālama ʻia me ka akahele, mālama pono ʻana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka 0,5% a me kahi pākana o 3.5-4 lita no hoʻokahi mika square. m;
Kahiahi keleawe - kahi hana hoʻāʻo e kūʻē i nā maʻi maʻi
- uila wā kūleʻa ma hope o ka lau ʻana o ka lau.
ʻO nā fungicides o kēia mau lā, i loaʻa ka hopena maʻalahi mai ke keleawe keleawe, ke kūʻai aku nei ʻia i nā hale kūʻai. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o lākou:
- Topaz
- ʻOihana
- Hoʻolaha gula.
Wikiō: ka mālama ʻana o ka umeke palepa ma luna o nā hua waina
ʻO nā loiloi kumu o nā kumu waina
ʻAʻole wau i hauʻoli nui me kaʻu Original no 7 mau makahiki. Ripens i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa, ʻoiai ua ʻili ʻo Ulyashka i kekahi mau huaʻa i ke kakahiaka mua o ʻAukake. ʻAʻole naʻe i pili kēia ka honi i kēia manawa - i ke kō - kaʻaila, ke kala, a me ka manawa - ua ʻōlohelohe nā mea a pau.
Sergij Ivanov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
A ua haʻalele mākou i kā mākou Original ma kahi o ka lā 25 o Kepakemapa, ma ka pili me ka haʻalele i Moscow, ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻalele i ka ʻaihue. Ua kuhi ʻo kēia mākaʻi i kahi manaʻo aloha ʻole ma luna o nā ʻohana makamaka a me nā hoaaloha i lua a me ka ʻono, ʻoliʻoli nā mea a pau, ʻōlelo lākou ʻaʻole lākou ke kūʻai aku. I ko lākou hoʻi ʻana mai, ma hope o ʻOkakopa 10, ua hoʻokaʻawale lākou i kekahi mau ʻulana o nā mea: a ʻo ka ʻūhā momona hoʻi, momona a ʻai, ʻai me ka leʻaleʻa. Piha maoli kaʻu kaikamahine i kēia ʻano, makemake nui ʻo ia i nā hua mastoid lōʻihi, a maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻāʻo. I kā mākou wahi, e nani maikaʻi ka Original, akā ma Kuban, Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa mau ke kauwela (ʻoiai kēia makahiki)!
Jane//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
Wahi a kaʻu mau ʻike:
Oleg Marmuta
- ʻokiʻa i kahi kokoke i Kepakemapa 10-15;
- paʻa pinepine ʻia ua lousy, akā ʻo ka pī e hoʻoneʻe ʻia. ʻO kekahi mau pipi, e huli i loko, e huli i ka coniferous. ʻEpū maikaʻi maikaʻi - kēlā me kēia kilogram;
- na nāhele ua pūleo o ka ulu lāʻau, ʻaʻole i pala ka ʻoni, a i ka lā i huli ka ʻili e ʻāpono ʻia - ua pua nā poni i ka melemone me ka ʻulaʻula;
- Hāʻawi maikaʻi i nā hua i loko o nā kapahū, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa o ka mea kanu i ka manawa e ʻala, i kekahi mau manawa me ka momona. He aha mea hoihoi: i nā pēpē i ʻaʻalahi mau ʻia a ʻae ʻia a ʻulaʻula a me nā kala ʻulaʻula ʻia, e like me ka Zagrava e pili ana;
- E pono i nā hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ikaika kāna ulu, a inā hāʻawi i ka ulu ʻole, ua ʻohi ʻo ia i ke aloha ʻole;
- He palupalu ka pale ʻana;
- ʻAʻohe hoa no ka ʻono a me ka ʻula, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo ai, akā, i koʻu manaʻo, he ʻaena liua ka berry. ʻAʻohe manaʻo e hoʻōla ai - kūlike ʻole. I ka wā e nui ana, ʻaʻole lawa ka wai;
- Kūleʻa nā mea kūʻai mai ka maka, a me ke ʻano nō hoʻi.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke ʻae ʻia i ka Original, a inā ʻoe e tinker, a laila ʻoi aku ma mua o ka.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717
Aloha Ke ulu mua nei kaʻu huaole, he mālamalama ka ʻulaʻula ma ka waihoʻoluʻu. Nā memo i hala. No nā makahiki 5 e ulu ana, hiki ke loaʻa kahi kiki a hoʻāʻo a i ka makahiki hoʻokahi wale nō, ʻūwili ka ʻiʻo, ʻono.
Grygoryj//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717&page=2
I kēia makahiki, ma ka hope, ua kāhea ka Original iaʻu. ʻO ka lāʻauʻekolu mau makahiki i piha no ʻelua mau makahiki, ʻeha ʻia, ma ke kolu ua hāʻawi i ke kumu waina maikaʻi, kahi hilahila ʻole e haʻalele no ka hali. Hōʻalo kekahi mau pua nani, nani hoʻi kona!
Kamyshanin//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=717&page=6
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lau ʻili mua me ka huahana kiʻekiʻe, kahi nui, kahi ʻano nui, ʻano kūʻē, kū'ē i ka hau a me ka maʻi, a me ka hoʻāʻo nui. Ua loaʻa i kēia ʻano ākea kona kaulana i waena o kā mākou māla.
