Ke ulu nei i ka kāleka puna: nā rula a me nā hoʻopunipuni

ʻO kā Bamika kekahi o nā mea kanu kaulana loa i ka honua. Hoʻopau nui ʻia ia ka noi ʻana ʻaʻole wale nō i ka kuke ʻana, akā, i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna. ʻAʻole hikiʻole ke loaʻa kahi wahi māla ma kahi e ulu ʻole ai ia. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i kahi hua. He nui nā māla, ke koho ʻana i waena o ka hoʻoilo a me ka kāleka wai, makemake i ka lua. Hāpai kēia koho iā lākou me ka maikaʻi mālama pono.

He aha ka wai pala

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻelua o ke kāleka - nā pūnāwai a me ka hoʻoilo. Loaʻa nā koho ʻelua i ko lākou pono, akā ʻoi ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina, a ʻo ka lua no nā mahiʻai nui. ʻO ke kiʻi o ke kāleka hoʻoilo ma luna o ka kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōlapa, akā maikaʻi loa ka puna. He maʻalahi lākou ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻana iā lākou.

Paleka: pehea e wehe ai i ke kāleka puna mai ka hoʻoilo

Kahi kiʻi: ke kō a me ke kālaiki

Video: pehea e wehe ai i ke kāleka punaʻi mai ka hoʻoilo

Nā ʻano punahele o ke aniani puna wai me ke kiʻi

ʻAʻole kū mau ka koho. I ka wā mua, ua ulu maoli ka waihona melemele ma Lūkini i kahi hua "hema", akā i kēia manawa ua ulu maikaʻi ia i ka hapa nui o nā wahi, ʻoiai ua hiki ke hoʻonui pono i kona kūʻē i kona hau. Aia i nā ʻano kūikawā i ʻoni no nā wahi kūikawā. Ma ke kānāwai, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kēia ma ka inoa - Leningrad, Moscow, Cheboksary a pēlā aku.

ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau ke kaʻaila puna:

• Abrek. ʻAʻohe kaupalena e pili ana i ka ʻāina e ulu ana ma ka papa inoa o nā Leka o ka Lūkini. He ʻano ʻala lau. ʻO ka lau ka lōʻihi (48-60 cm) i uhi ʻia me ka ʻāpana o ke pala. Pāwīwīwī ka ʻōmala o luna, hoʻokahi-dimensional (loaʻa i ka paona o 26-30 g). Aia ka pākahi o kēlā me kēia. ʻEleʻele nā ​​ʻiʻo a me nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻohālikelike i nā kikoʻī kūikawā o ka ʻono. Mai 1 m², loaʻa iā lākou ma ka 0.7 kg o ke kāleka, i nā wā kūleʻa maikaʻi loa - a hiki i ka 1 kg. ʻO nā mahina noho ma ka haʻahaʻa he ʻeono mahina.
  

  Kahiki Abrek - He ʻokoʻa lehulehu

• Aleisky. ʻO ka ʻano o ka wā o ka lūlū ʻana i mākaukau, ua mākaukau no ke ʻoki ʻana ma nā lā 110-125 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Bred ma Siberia, kū ia i ka wā haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela. He haʻahaʻa nā lau (a hiki i 30 cm), no ka lāʻau melemeka punahele he nui o lākou (9-10 ʻāpana). Hoʻokomo ʻia paha ka pōpō a i ʻole ʻia i ka paku, ke kākā ʻia he 16-25 g. Poliki loa ka puliki, crispy. Mai ka 1 m² e huki i ka 1.5 kg o nā ʻōpala. E hoʻomau ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana me ka pilikia a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela hou. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka mea like i ka acidity kiʻekiʻe o ka substrate, ka nele o ka ea, ka nitrogen a me ka potassium i ka lepo - hoʻomaka koke nā lau e huli. ʻO kahi hemahema koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka pale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
  

  Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ʻia ka ʻikika Aleic i nā maʻi a ua hoʻouka ʻia e nā pōpilikia
• ʻO Victorio. ʻO ka manawa maʻamau ka wā kala ʻana. Nā lau ma aneane ʻaʻohe laha ʻōhiu, nā laula (20-25 cm lōʻihi). He pālahalaha ia ʻōpulu, i nā kime me nā pāpaʻi, he nui (ke kumu 38-43 g). I kēlā me kēia o nā lālā he 13-15. ʻEleʻele nā ​​poli uhi. ʻAʻole ʻili loa ka momona. Mai 1 m² hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa 0.98 kg o nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka malama haʻahaʻa loa he 8 mau mahina. ʻO ka pale maikaʻi loa e pili i nā fungi pathogen he ʻano maʻamau.
  

  Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Garlic Victorio no kona ʻono ʻoluʻolu a me ke ola lōʻihi.

• Gulliver. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa i waena o nā māla ʻo Lūkini. Ma ka wā makua e pili nei i ka pihi ma hope. Hoʻopili ʻia 90-98 mau lā ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. ʻO kēia wale nō ka ʻano o ke kāleka puna wai e hoʻokumu i ka "pua". Nui nā lau, a hiki i 55 cm lōʻihi a he 5 cm ākea (ʻo kēia hope no kēia ʻāpana o nā ʻano ʻano he atypical), he kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli me kahi lau o ka waʻa waʻaheʻe. Hoʻomaʻewaʻo ka pahū i, aneane ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana (ma ke kaupaona ʻana o 90-120 g, nā pākēlē o nā mea i loaʻa ka nui o 200-250 g). ʻAkahi wale nō kulu 3-5. ʻO nā peni uhi uhi uhi hina i ka kala. ʻOno loa ka ʻono, ikaika. ʻO ka malama haʻahaʻa loa he 8 mau mahina. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 0.98 kg / m². Hoʻonohonoho ka mea like me kahi nui o ka waiora C, nā protina a me nā waikawa amino, a me ka palekana maikaʻi.
  

  Ke hōʻike piha nei kā Garlic Gulliver i ka inoa, he nui loa kona mau poʻo
• Elenovsky. Aia ka papa inoa o ke aupuni no ka Russian Federation e like me ka pūnāwai, akā kūpono nō hoʻi no ka pae ʻana i ka hoʻoilo. Aāpai ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻĀsia Kauka. Ma nā lā hānau, aia ma ke waena o ka ʻūhū ʻana, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ma hope o 110-115 lā. Nā lau o ka lōʻihi ma (35 cm), ʻikiʻume. Hōʻuluʻulu nā pōpō liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi, (21-23 g). I kēlā me kēia o nā lālā he 15-16. Ke keʻokeʻo nā poli o ka integumentary, he ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula. ʻEka ke kūʻono. He lōʻihi loa ke ola o ka noho papa, a hiki i ʻelua mau makahiki. Mahalo nui ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano i kona pale kū kiʻekiʻe i ka nematode.
  

  ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kālaʻai ʻo Elenovsky i kahi mau maʻi ʻē aʻe e hōʻeha ʻia i nā maʻi weliweli e like me ka nematode

• Ershovsky. ʻO nā ʻano waena waena me ka ʻole o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻāina o ka mahiʻai. Lōʻihi ka lau (e pili ana i 50 cm). Hoʻouluulu ʻia ka hina o ke aniani, o ka nui o ka nui (ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 35 g), ua like ka nui o nā denticles mai 16 a 25 mau ʻāpana. ʻUʻu iki ka ʻala. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 0.7 kg / m². ʻO ka malama haʻahaʻa loa he 8 mau mahina.
  

  Ua kūpono ke kāleka iā Ershovsky no ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka ʻāpana āpau o ka Lūkini

• Hoike Loaʻa ka ʻano like ʻole no ka kanu ʻana i nā kaona a me nā wahi i puni a me ke ʻano like ʻole. Ua mahalo nui ka poʻe e ulu ana i ka hua ma luna o kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana. He kukui uliuli nā lau, aneane me ke kāwele wili, 35-37 cm lōʻihi.ʻO nā kukui ʻenehana, integumentary nā unahi ʻulaʻula, me nā pihi ʻulaʻula-pink. I kēlā me kēia o nā lālā he 16-18. Ua hōʻea ka nui o ka awelika 38 g. Ua ʻono ka ʻiʻo i nā peninsular. Ka huahana - hiki i ka 0.3 kg / m². Ma kahi o 7 mau malama a i noho paha ka ola o ke kāleka.
  

  Ua loaʻa mua iā Garlic Degtyarsky no ka kanu ʻana i nā kula, akā mahalo koke ʻia e nā māla lāʻau e noho ana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe
• Kaukaʻi. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, nā mea like ʻole e nā mea kuʻi French, nā lālā elite. Ma ka pākeke - waena waena. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, i kahi ʻano maʻi kāohi ʻole ia e hoʻomalu mau i ka ʻala. ʻOi nui ka palahala, me ka lōʻihi o 5-6 cm. I kēlā me kēia o 20 a i ʻole a i nā ʻōpala. He ʻulaʻula hina nā uhi uhi uhi, nā ʻulaʻula nā loko. ʻO ka pulupima he onoono, pohala, me ka meaʻala ʻoluʻolu. Hāʻawi ʻia ke ʻano like me ka maikaʻi o ka mālama maikaʻi (ma mua o 10 mau mahina), ka ʻono maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi. Ua pilikia loa ka paʻi ʻia e nā fungi pathogenic a me nā mea make.
  

  Kahiki Cledor - kahi ʻano koho elite Palani he mea mahalo ʻia loa ia no ke kao maikaʻi loa

• Permyak. ʻO kekahi o nā hana hou a Lūkia mahele hou. Ma kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i kekahi wahi. ʻOi ʻia ka lā wā hoʻomaka ʻana. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā lau, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma 30 cm lōʻihi, ua pālahalaha ka pā, ma kahi he 34 g. ʻO ka uhi keokeo keʻokeʻo me nā ʻeleʻele poni, ʻulaʻula a me ka keʻokeʻo. ʻEka ke kūʻono. ʻO ka hopena awelika he 0.3 kg / m². ʻO ka mālama pila i nā manawa - ma kahi o 10 mau mahina.
  

  ʻO Garlic Permyak i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā mea aloha hale i kēia manawa hou

• Pauoa. Kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i loko o Farani, ua ulu ikaika i ʻEulopa ma ka pae ʻona. ʻO ka awelika awelika o ka umauma he 6 cm, ka nui ka 80 g. Ua loaʻa kēlā me kēia ma kahi o nā cloves 15-20. Poliki loa ka peni a he pala, ʻūhā keokeo, peninsular. ʻO ka palena pā hale liʻiliʻi me hoʻokahi makahiki.
  

  Ke kaulana loa ʻo Bawango me nā mahiʻai loea ʻo ʻEulopa.
• Sochi-56. He ʻano ʻōpala mua. Hoʻopiliʻia ma hope o 80-90 lā. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka maikaʻi kūlohelohe maikaʻi loa a me ka pale palekana maikaʻi i ka hapanui o nā maʻi maʻamau. He poepoe ka poepoe, ke kaupaona ʻana, a hiki i 50-55 g I kēlā me kēia me kēia kaila he 25-30. ʻO ka kaulike ʻono, semi-koi. Hoʻokomo paha ka ola o ke ola i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mau makahiki. Mai ka 1 m² a hiki i ka 0.9 kg o nā ʻōpala.
  

  ʻO nā pono kūponoʻole o ka kāleka Sochi-56 ko lākou mauʻiʻo, ka pale palekana maikaʻi a me ke kūuleo anuanu.

Nā lā kanu o ka kanu ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā moena

ʻOiai ke kūpono o ka kanu ʻana o ke kāleka puna i ka puna, ua moe ka māla no ka pono e mākaukau i ka hāʻule. Maikaʻi maikaʻi kēia ʻano moʻomeheu i nā ʻāina māmā a me ka momona a (i ka loam Sandy, loam) me ka pane wai ʻole kūlohelohe wai ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka momona nui ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka palaoa dolomite, ka "kaumaha" o ka lepo me ke one, kona "ʻoluʻolu" me nā pālolo lepo.

Koho ʻia ka wahi no ka māla i mākaʻikaʻi ʻia, ka lā. Manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa i kahi mea kokoke e pale aku iā ia mai ka makani ʻākau. Lele pū kekahi lihi - ma kēia hihia, hoʻolako ʻia kahi kahe wikiwiki. ʻAʻole ʻae ka keʻa wai puna wai i ka hoʻonāukiuki o ka māla i ke aʻa a hiki i kā ke kumu. No ke kumu like, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kona pae ʻāina i ka haʻahaʻa - hoʻoheheʻe a ua kū hoʻi ka wai i laila ma kahi lōʻihi, a me ke anuanu, hōʻiliʻili ka ea.

Pono ka lūlū o ke keʻena kāleka ma ke ala, ma ke ala, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā lau ʻai a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahi i koho ʻia a hohonu kahi o 35-40 cm, i loko o ke kaʻina hana i nā loina pono āpau. Ma kahi o 1 kīʻaha o ka lehu manu sifted, 4-5 l o humus a i ʻole kolo ka lau a me 10-15 g o ka paʻū paʻakikī e pili ana i ka nitrogen, phosphorus a me potassium (Nitroammofosk, Azofosk, Ammofosk) e hoʻopau iā 1 m². I ka pūnāwai ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, pono pono ke hele hou i ka moena.

Hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻoilo, pono ka wai melemeka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lepo i nā momona, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea āpau i ka lepo i ka hāʻule

ʻAʻole e poina iā mākou e pili ana i ka uka ʻana o ka hua. ʻO nā mea laikila maikaʻi no ke kāleka kekahi mau ʻoliki (me nā pua), kāloti a me nā mea kanu mai ka ʻohana Solanaceae. ʻO nā pīpī a me nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu, nā ʻano āpau, nā paukena (kukama, zucchini, paukena, mauʻu, mau ʻoni) kūpono i kēia pili. Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka moʻomeheu i kona wahi i hala ma mua o 5 mau makahiki ma hope.

ʻO kahi kāmeka kāleka he mea kūʻai hewa akā he hoa ola maikaʻi loa ia

Hoʻomaikaʻi ka māla puna kōkō i ka māla ma ka kanu ʻia kokoke i nā hua pua, a me nā hua lāʻau ʻomaʻomaʻo, a me nā hua puaa hihiu. Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ia i nā pōpoki he nui o kēia mau mea kanu, ʻo ka slugs a me nā weevils. Akā ʻo ke kaiāulu me ka kāpeti, nā pī, nā pīni aeseseses - ke kālai ʻia ke kālai i ko lākou ulu ʻana.

Kālila ʻia ua kanu ʻia ma ka moena like me nā mākia me nā pōkole e pale i nā hua slug - ʻaʻole makemake nā pōpō i ka ʻono pungent

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka wā kanu e pili ai i ke kaikika wai e nā pale ma ka ʻāina. Pono ka ʻāina ma kēia manawa e mahana a hiki i ka 5-7 ° C. Akā hiki ʻole ʻoe e lohi i ka nui, inā ʻaʻole ia ka laʻu, nā kīwī me ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka manawa e maloʻo ai. ʻAʻole makemake ka moʻomeheu i ka maloʻo nui o ka lepo, e like me ka wela. I nā wahi mahana i ke kauwela wela, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia ka pae ʻāina i ka hopena o Malaki, i nā wahi me ka mahana o ke ʻano - i ka hopena o ke kenekulia hope o ʻApelila. Ma nā Urals, Siberia a me ka Far East, ua neʻe ʻia nā huaʻōlelo e kekahi mau wiki ʻelua.

Pono ke kanu ʻia o ke kaila wai puna i ka lepo lepo

Hōʻoluʻolu nā Bulbs a hoʻomaka e hana i nā aʻa ma ke ana o ka ea o 4-8 ° C. A ʻo ke kū mālie ʻana o ka wā ma ke kūpaʻa (ma luna o 12-15 ° C), e pau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke aʻa aʻa, a hoʻomaka ke hoʻokumu ʻana i ka umauma. Inā ʻaʻohe kumu o ka mea kanu i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi iā ia me nā huaʻai me ka kūpono kūpono, a he maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka hua.

ʻAʻole hoʻi ʻoe e makaʻu i nā wai hoʻōla wai. ʻOi ka hoʻohaʻomaʻoʻana i ke aniani o ka wai meli ma mua o ka hoʻoilo keokeʻo, akā e ola maikaʻi ai ia i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻenehana mea kanu

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hua maikaʻi he hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ʻole o ka lako mea kanu. Hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia me nā kūlana mālama. Hōʻike ka ʻike o nā māla me ke kāleka, kahi i moe ai i ka hoʻoilo i ka mālama ʻana i ka lumi, ʻokiʻoki ka lōʻihi, akā ʻoi ke ʻano o nā ʻōpala nui. ʻO nā cloves i mālama i kahi mahana ma kahi kokoke i 0 ° C e hāʻawi wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki, akā liʻiliʻi nā poʻo.

No ka kanu ʻana, kūpono nā niho me ka huehue ʻole a me nā lepo, me ka ʻiʻo elastic, ke kaupaʻa nei ʻo 3-6 g. Ua hōʻole koke i nā mea i ʻike ʻia nā ala liʻiliʻi e hoʻomanaʻo nei, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a me ka pōʻino maʻi. ʻOiai kūpono a liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke waiho ʻia ma nā wahi moe ma luna o nā wahi ʻē aʻe e pale ai i nā pōpoki. E hele lākou i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia e koho i ke poʻo me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā niho no ka kanu. ʻO kēia kaʻaila keʻokeʻo kēia, ʻaʻole maoli ia e hāʻawi i kahi hua maikaʻi.

Pono ke koho pono i nā mea kanu mea kanu, ka nui o ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka hua e hiki mai ana

I mea e "ala" i ka mea kanu kanu, ua kau ʻia nā poʻo a pau i loko o ka friji i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā, i kāwili ʻia i ka kāwele pika ʻūwā a i ʻole ʻāʻī. E lulu ana, e palulu ʻia ka lole i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻOi ka nui o ke poʻo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke mālama ʻia i ke anuanu.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kekahi mau māla i ka hoʻomanahana ʻana i ke kao no nā hola he 8-10 i ka wela (40-45 ° C) ka wai a i ʻole ka lulu ʻana (waiho i loko o kahi ʻeke wai, i uhi ʻia i ka lole pipi, waiho ʻia ma luna o kahi windowsill i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā). Hōʻalo i nā poʻo i loko o nā ʻōpala i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma mua o ka lā ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, i ʻole ka manawa e maloʻo ai ka hohonu. Hoʻopili wale ʻia nā pipi maloʻo mai ka waho me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka hakahaka o loko.

10-12 mau hola ma mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o disinfection. Kolo ʻia nā ʻōpala o ke keokeo puna wai no 2-3 mau hola ma ka hopena ʻulaʻula o ka potassium permanganate a i ʻole 1% - keleawe keleawe. Loaʻa no kēia mau pahuhopu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka infusion o ka lehu lāʻau a i ʻole ka hopena o ka paʻakai (10 g / l). A no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ʻohe, mālama ʻia nā ʻano huaka keleawe - nā fungicides (Fitoverm, Kuprozan, Horus, Skor, Abiga-Peak) he mea pono. E hoʻopiʻi i ke kaʻina o ka hōʻemi, hoʻohana ʻia nā biostimulants - Kornevin, Zircon, Epin.

ʻO ka paʻakai permanganate paʻakai - kekahi o nā disinfectants maʻamau

Wikiō: hoʻomākaukau ana i ke kāleka no ka kanu ʻana

Kūkulu ʻia ke kāleka me kahi kikowaena ma waena o nā lālani o 25-30 cm.ʻO ka hohonu o ka puʻu maikaʻi he 3-4 cm.ʻO kahi hohonu, ʻoi aku ka ʻōhumu o ka mea kanu. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā niho ma o 8-12 cm ma lalo. ʻOi ka nui o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui ma waena o nā ʻōpala e hiki mai ana. Ke kāʻei nei iā lākou i ka lepo a me ka ʻohi ʻana i ka substrate ma hope o ke kanu ʻole ʻia ʻana, ʻaʻole e hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu. Inā hele kokoke mai ka wai wai i ka mimi o ka ʻāina, e pono e hāpai i ka moena e 15-20 cm.

ʻO ke kikowaena ma waena o nā pīpī pili i ka wā kanu e pili ana i ko lākou nui

Kuhi ʻia nā pua ma ka hui ʻana o ka humus a me nā ʻōpala maʻa ma luna, i ʻōpū me ka lau maloʻo, sawdust, mauʻu, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi papa 2-3 cm mānoanoa. Hiki ke kali ʻia nā hua ʻai ma hope o nā lā 10-12.

Kūʻai koke ke aniani puna wai

Vitio: kanu i nā wai keokeo puna i ka ʻili

ʻO ka mālama hāhai

He loiloi maoli ka ulu ʻana o ka kāleka, akā ʻaʻole pono ka hana e loaʻa ai ka hua he nui me ka ʻole e hāʻawi ana i nā moena i kahi manawa iki a me ka hoʻoikaika. Ma ka liʻiliʻi, pono ka mākeu e launa pinepine i ka lepo a wehe i ka lepo. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā weele i ke kāleka punahele, e lawe ana i nā mea pono e pono ai mai ia. ʻO ka pīpī kūpono kūpono a me ka noi ʻana no ka hana kanu manawa like no ka pono nui.

Pono kaele wai hohonu i ka wai puliki wai wale nō ma ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ke ulu pono nei nā lau. Hoʻomaopopo koke ka mea kanu "i kahi hemahema o ka haʻalulu - ma kā lākou mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e huli a maloʻo. I ka awelika, lawa ka wai i 4-5 mau lā. ʻO ka helu hoʻopau ma 10-12 l / m².

ʻO ka hoʻōla ʻana i ke kāleka i ka wā ulu e ulu mau ana, e emi nolo

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻōpala e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka substrate, a inā maloʻo, ua anuanu, ʻaʻole ka wai kahe a pau. ʻO ke anuanu o ka manawa nui i kēia manawa ke alakaʻi i ko lākou wela, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua fohu pathogenic.

Ekolu mau hebedoma ma mua o ka lā e hoʻokā pono ai no ka ʻūhā ʻana o ke kāleka, pau ka hoʻōki ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole pela, e lilo ka ʻōpala i ka wai. Hoʻopilikia kēia hopena i ka ʻono a mālama i ka maikaʻi.

ʻO ke aʻa o ka puna ʻaila punahele nāwaliwali i ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hiki ke huki i kahi nui o nā huaʻai mai ka lepo e hoʻopuka ai i nā ʻōpala nui, no laila pono ka nui o nā mea kanu i nā wai nui.

ʻO ka hana mua ka hana mua i ka wā i hiki ai ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lau i 4-5 cm. No ka hana ikaika o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kaila, pono ke kākala. Hoʻomoʻu ʻia me ka hoʻonā o ka urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate (12-15 g no 10 lita o ka wai). ʻO ka wai maoli o nā haukana he wai ʻaʻo manu a manuahi. Akā i kāna ʻano maʻa mau, ke āohi ʻia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka lepo - a "hoʻopau koke nā aʻa." Ma kahi, hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi infusion ma ka ninini ʻana i ka 2-3 lita o nā mea maka i loko o kahi pahu o ka wai a waiho no nā lā he nui i kahi mahana ma lalo o kahi uhi paʻa. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e kānana a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻia me ka wai ma kahi pālahalaha o 1: 8 a i ka 1:15 kuokoa, no kēlā, no ka manure a me ka litter.

Urea - kekahi o nā puna nui me ka mālama o ka nitrogen

Hoʻopiʻi ka nui o ka nitrogen i ka lepo e kākala. ʻO kēia nāwaliwali i kahi pale ʻole. Hoʻomaka ka mea kanu i ka "momona", hana i ka rosette lau e waiho ana i nā lau o ka pōʻino o nā pōpō.

ʻO nā kapa lole o ka ʻiki i luna aʻe, ʻo ka phosphorus-potash. Hoʻomaka kēia mau fertilizers mai ka manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke poʻo. ʻOhi manawa 2-3 i ka wā ulu e like me nā kaulike like. Aia kahi mahina ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o ka ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. Inā makemake loa ʻoe i kēia mau mahiʻai, ʻaʻe nā cloves. Hoʻomoʻu ʻia ka kāleka me ka hoʻonā o ka paʻakai pākeke a me ka superphosphate (8-10 g no ka 10 l o ka wai). Kahi ʻano kūlohelohe ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i ka lehelehe lāʻau ʻeke. Komi i ka ipu wai o ka waihona maka i loko o 5 lita o ka wai wai, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā hola 8-10, kānana ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.

ʻO ka lehu lāʻau - kahi kumu kūlohelohe o ka potassium a me ka phosphorus

Aia nō kekahi mau lihala kūikawā nō hoʻi kēia hōʻiliʻili. Akā e aʻo mua i ka māhele. Hōʻānō ka kāleka i ka klorine a me nā mea hoʻohui i kāna, ua hōʻuluʻulu lākou i ka pulika.

Ke koho ʻana i kahi mea kanu no ka kāleka, e maopopo ʻaʻole he klorine ma ka mana

Inā emi iki ka hoʻomohala ʻia o ke kōkika wai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai iā ia me nā mea kūlohelohe kūlohelohe - kahi kūmole o ka vermicompost, kahi kīpē o nā ʻaupō uliuli, nā dandelion.

ʻO nā maʻi, nā pōpilikia, nā pilikia ʻē aʻe

ʻOiai ke kūpono ʻole a ke kāleka i nā pōpoki mai nā māla ʻē aʻe a he kumu maoli ia o ka hana molowa, ʻo ia nō naʻe ke pale ʻole ʻia mai nā maʻi a me ka hoʻouka manu ʻana. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka pale ʻoi loa i kēia hihia ka ʻenehana loea.

ʻO nā maʻi no ke kāleka wai, ke ʻano maʻamau:

• I ka ʻōpala. ʻO ka hōʻailona mua ka mea ʻokiʻala i nā pihi melemele ma nā lau. Ke hele mālie lākou, e lilo i mau ʻāpana ākea i nā ʻāpana pihi, hoʻololi i ke kala i ʻulaʻula.
  

  Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka puʻu i nā mea kanu āpau; ʻokoʻa ke kāleka

• Peronosporosis (kalo kaloiki). Ma ke anai a ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ulu nui ka maʻi, akā ʻaʻole makemake ka hāpū i ka wela a me ka ua. Hoʻolaha ka hoʻomohala i ka mea kanu, ka lau, e hoʻomaka ana mai luna, huli ʻula, huli i ka melemele a me ka deform.
  

  ʻO nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka peronosporosis - hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ea kiʻekiʻe

• Pākaʻi ʻO ka pilikia ka mea maʻamau no nā ʻāina hema hema. ʻOiai ʻo nā wahi me ke anainu ʻano e palekana ʻole mai ia ia, inā he pōmaikaʻi ke kauwela i nā ʻōlelo o ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaka, hoʻomaka mai nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, huli koke i ka melemele a maloʻo, uhi ʻia me nā pulu brownish brownish. I loko o nā sinuses, kahi pahu melemele-pinkish i hoʻokumu ʻia, like me ka pā. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻeha nā poʻo - i maʻule ka niho, i uhi ʻia me ka pālahalaha like.
  

  Hiki i ke kālaola Fusarium ke hoʻopilikia i ka hua i ka wā o ka ulu ulu a a ma hope o ke kau ʻana iā ia
• ʻO ka maʻi bacterisosis (huapalapala). Hiki ke pili i ka keokeo punahele ma ka māla a i ka wā e waiho ai. Hōʻike ʻia nā "sores" brownish liʻiliʻi i nā ʻulaʻula, e hoʻonui mālie ana i ka nui. Ke wili i ka pulp i, huli ia i loko o kahi nū ʻāhiuhino me kahi ʻala putrefactive ʻoluʻolu.
  

  Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pulehu huapule, e hoʻomohala ana i ka wā o kahi e waiho ai, hiki ke hoʻopau loa i ka luku holoʻokoʻa

• Keokeo keʻokeʻo. Huli nā lau, he ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo e like me ka hulu hipa i kū pono ʻia ma nā poʻo. Lilo nā niho e like me ke aniani, popo koke.
  

  ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻalo i ke keokeo ke keʻokeʻo a nā keʻena ʻo kēia ʻano

Me nā mea no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i ka manawa. No laila, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā spimens ʻāua mai ka moena a ua puhi, disinfecting i ka lepo me kahi momona saturated o pāmela permanganate a i ʻole 5% ca ʻo Bordeaux.

I ka hakakā me nā fungi, he maikaʻi nā fungicides. Manaʻo ʻia e koho i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ke olakino olakino (Alirin-B, Topaz, Bayleton, Maxim, Previkur), kahi palekana no ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. Hana ʻia ka mālama mua ʻana, me ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻano ʻano, a laila, me kekahi ʻano me 7-10 mau lā. Me kahi hoʻonā o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea kanu, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka lepo. No ka paleʻana, ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā pua mua, he mea pono e mālama i ke kāleka wai puna me nā mea hoʻoponopono kanaka i kēlā me kēia 1,5-2 mau pule - kahi hopena o ka lehu soda, kefir i hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka wai a i ʻole whey, iod iodine.

Mai haʻalele ka popo i ka moʻomeheu:

• Lele lele. ʻAi ʻai ʻo nā palu male i nā palu maʻemaʻe hou mai loko. Ua wikiwiki koke lākou. Malele ka mea kanu, maloʻi lohi. No ka hoʻoweliweli aku i ka maʻi pest, he mea maikaʻi ke kanu i ke kanu a me nā kāloti, ka lepo ʻana i ka lepo ma luna o ka moena me ka pulupulu mustard, ʻōpala ʻulaʻula, ʻōpala ʻōpala. E pale aku i ka lāʻau lekiō e hoʻohana iā Decis, Inta-Vir, Iskra-Bio.
  

  ʻO ke kanu lāʻau kokoke a me nā kāloti he hopena maikaʻi loa; kākala ke kāwele i ka kāloti i nā kāloti, kārototi - keʻa

• Nematode kaʻaila. Hoʻopili i kahi nūpepa penikala manawaleʻa i nā aʻa a me ka neʻe pinepine i ka ʻōpū, e kau ana i ka hua ma loko o nā kāwili. Uhiʻi i ka lau me nā wahi melemele-brown, ʻāʻī. Ua paʻakikī loa ka wehe ʻana mai o ka maʻi. No ka paleʻana, ʻo ka moena ma mua o ke kanu a me nā manawa 2-3 i ka wā ulu e hoʻoulu ʻia me ka paʻakai (5-7 g / l). Hoʻokomo ʻia nā granule Nemabakt i loko o ka ʻāina i ka pūnāwai. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili - hoʻohemo ʻia me Thiophos.
  

  He mea paʻakikī loa ka hōʻea i ka nematode; ʻo nā hua maʻi o ka mea kanu i ka lepo e hoʻomau a hiki i nā makahiki ʻelima

• Aniani (aʻa) kiko. Hoʻomoʻo ia i nā pulu ma loko o ka lalo, "hoʻomaʻemaʻe" maoli i ia i kahi kūlana o ka lepo keʻokeʻo, a laila e ʻai i nā ʻula mai loko. Ua pala nā poʻo, ua make ka mea kanu. No ka pale aku, kahe ʻia ka moena me ka infusion o ka tansy, yarrow i kēlā me kēia 1,5-2 pule. No ka hōʻea i nā aniani, hoʻohana nui nā mākau kūikawā - acaricides (Neoron, Omayt, Apollo).
  

  Onion mite ʻaʻole kahi pepeke, no laila, nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā - ua hoʻohana ʻia ka acaricides e pale aku iā ia

Nā wikiō: nā ala e hoʻopili ai i ka lele o ka sibiki

ʻO ka pilikia maʻamau ka melemele lau o ke kāleka. He mau hiʻohiʻona kēia no nā maʻi he nui. Akā hiki iā ia ke hōʻike hōʻike i nā hemahema o ka ʻike pilikino i ka ʻenehana ʻana i ka mahiʻai, ināwīwī, i ka nele o ka macro- a me nā microelement, ka lepo i ka ʻāina. Ma ka like like, pane ka mea kanu i ka kanu i kahi lepo i kahi maikaʻi kūpono ʻole.

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka mālama

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke māla ʻōpala i hala ua ʻike ʻia e ka melemele nui a me ka hoʻi ʻana o nā lau, palupalu i ka ʻāʻī mauʻa. ʻO ka tentative ka hopena o ʻAukake a i hoʻomaka mua paha o Kepakemapa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻu i ka ohi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka maikaʻi o kēlā ʻano keokeo - ke ʻoki nei nā poʻo i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, ka ʻāwili ʻana i ka ʻili, ka lalo o lalo. ʻO kekahi hiki i ka lā 2-3 lā he koʻikoʻi.

Hoʻopili wale ke kāleka mai ka māla i ka maloʻo

Hiki iā ʻoe ke wikiwiki i ka wā e ulu ai o ka hua ma o ka "hoʻololi" ʻae i nā hakahaka āpau i nā puna:

• E kāʻei i nā lau i loko o ka puʻu.
• Hoʻopili i ka lepo. Pēlā e hoʻomoʻo i kahi liʻiliʻi, a ulu pinepine ka ulu o ke poʻo i ka mahana haʻahaʻa.
• E hoʻokomo pono me ka hoʻopili maikaʻi i kahi pahi pahi me ka pahi lōʻihi ma lalo o ke poʻo a ʻokiʻoki i ke aʻa i ka hohonu o 3-5 cm.ʻO ke kaʻina e pono ai kekahi akamai, inā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hōʻino i ka ʻōpala.

ʻO ka lau kākāka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka puʻupuʻu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kanu ke hele i ka kahe i ka leo like, no laila ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia lākou i ka umauma

No ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, koho i kahi lā wela, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka lā wela. No ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā pōʻino ʻino, ʻāloi ke kālai ʻia me kahi wete. A laila pono e maloʻo i ka lewa wai no nā lā 5-7. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā poʻo ma lalo o kahi canopy e pale aku ai i ka ua hiki. He hopena maikaʻi paha ka lā māmā ma luna o lākou.

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā ʻōpala maloʻo i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka honua, ʻoki ʻia nā aʻa a me ka lau, e waiho ana i ka 2-3 a me 8-10 cm, ma laila.

Video: nā manaʻo no ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kāleka

ʻAʻole ʻilihune ka moʻomeheu i nā kūlana mālama. Akāʻo ka hopena maoli lākou e hōʻiliʻili. Hōʻike ka lāʻau maikaʻi puna wai maikaʻi i ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana i nā lumi lumi a me nā mahana i kokoke i 0 ° C. He kūpono wale ia a maloo a hōʻiliʻili pono kēia wahi.

ʻAʻole pono ke kāleka i nā kūlana mālama kūikawā, e kūpono ia i ka hale a me ka hale kahua

Hiki ke mālama i ka kāleka i nā pahu pepa, nā lāʻau lāʻau a me ka plastik, nā ʻōpala me nā pono ventilation, pīpī ʻia me ka mauʻu, sawdust, ʻōpala o ka nūhou. E mālama i ke keʻena, waiho lākou i loko o nā pūlima, waiho ʻia i nā tlonika ʻona a i nā ʻāpana poni paha, ulana i nā "braids", e kau ana iā lākou mai ka palani. Mālama ʻia nā Bulbs i kā lākou hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻia i loko o ka paraffin molten.

Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā "braids" kahakaha i kahi hoʻolālā kūlohelohe o ka lua loko

He kūpono no ka mālama a me nā pale pīpī. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o ke aniani a paʻa paha i nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻoki ʻia me ka palaoa, ʻū ʻia me ka lehu lāʻau. A inā e hoʻohana ʻoe i ka paʻakai a ninini paha iā lākou me kahi ʻaila kīʻaha, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka huahana. ʻO kēlā aila, no ka laʻana, maikaʻi loa e like me ke kāʻei salad.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke kāleka i ka aila he mea pono a maikaʻi hoʻi.

Inā ʻaʻole he nui o ke kāleka, e waiho wale i nā mea kuʻi i loko o kahi pēke kirikila kūikawā me kahi mea paʻa paʻa paʻa a hoʻokomo i loko o ka pahu (kahi kuhi i manaʻo ʻia no nā lau a me nā huaʻai).

Ke ulu nei i ke kāleka, i ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai, ʻo kahi mea kanu i makemake i hiki ke loaʻa. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka manawa o ka kanu, hōʻoki a me nā nuances o ka mālama, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho. Mai poina e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi - i kue i ka manaʻoʻiʻo kaulana, ʻo ke kākā he loaʻa nā maʻi o ia mea a me nā pōpilikia e kūʻē iā ia. ʻO kahi kumu nui ke koho o nā ʻanoʻokoʻa. Maikaʻi kēia i ka ʻāina o ka mahiʻai, akā aia nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ai.