No nā mea he nui, ʻo ka lālani Melba ka mea ʻono o ka wā kamaliʻi. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻopoina a hiki ʻole ke hoʻopuka ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi ʻākala, kakarahea, ʻoluʻolu a me kēia manawa e leʻaleʻa i kā mākou mau keiki a me kā mākou moʻopuna. ʻO ka hapa ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pale kino i ka scab hiki ʻole ke kaawale mai ia mai ka hale hoʻopale i koi ʻia, ʻoiai ka nui o nā ʻano hou.
ʻOka wehewehe
Loaʻa nā ʻano like i ka makahiki 1898 ma ka Central Experimental Station o ke aupuni o Kānia o Ottawa a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Melba i mea hoʻohanohano no ka mea mele kaulana a Australia ʻo Nelly Melba. He mea paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo i kona wā i hele mai ai i Lūkia. Ua hoʻouna ʻia kēlā mau ʻano like i ka hōʻike ʻano like ʻole i ka makahiki 1940. Komo ia ma ka helu mokuʻāina ma 1947 ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Melba. Ua loaʻa nō hoʻi iaʻu ka inoa Azure, akā ua loaʻa i ka inoa Melba ke kumu o ka nui loa - e kāhea mākou i kēlā. ʻO ka ʻanoʻokoʻa i ke kauwela a i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana. Zofona i nā ʻāina āpau koe wale nō ka Northern, Ural a me Far Eastern.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo ma Melba. Hiki i nā lāʻau momona ke kū i nā frosts i lalo a -35 ° C. Kūkulu ka pua ma ka wā mua, he pili i ka kūlohelohe o nā pua pua. E like me ka nui o nā ʻōpiopio kahiko, ʻike ʻia ka scab. A hiki kekahi mea (hiki i ka palena iki) ke pau aʻe i ka pala lāʻau. ʻO ka mea kanu pono iho, no ka pollination, pono ʻoe e pili i kahi kaona me nā lāʻau ʻōpala:
- Stark Erliest;
- Vista Bell;
- Pālani
- Welsey;
- James Greve
- Antonovka;
- Suslepskoe.
Hoʻomaka ka huaʻai MM-106 (semi-dwarf waena-nui) e hoʻohua i ka hua i ka hā o ka makahiki a i ka makahiki ʻelima, a ma ka ʻewalu a ʻumi paha mau makahiki, ʻo ia ka hopena he 40-80 kilograms o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau. Kūlia ka hana ʻana.
He lāʻau o ke kiʻekiʻe pālahalaha, e like me ke kānāwai, aia ke kiʻekiʻe o 3-4 mika. Ua ulu wikiwiki ʻo ia i kou wā ʻōpio, ma hope o 8-10 mau makahiki, e loli ana ka ulu o lalo. Crohn pālahalaha oval, hoʻāla ʻia, kūlike. He nui nā lālā kuʻekuʻe, e pālahalaha ana ma kahi kihi o 60-80 °. ʻO nā ʻano o ka huaʻaila - hui ʻia, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hua e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kūlima. ʻO ka manawa o ka fruiting ikaika o Melba ma nā kumu lāʻau dwarf he 10-15 mau makahiki, ma ka pūhaka semi-dwarf - 20 mau makahiki. Loaʻa nā centenarians kiʻekiʻe i nā makahiki he 40-55 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka nui nā hua heterogeneous i ka nui. ʻO ka paona awelika ʻo 120-140 ka grama, akā ua hōʻea i 300 gram. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻano puni-conical, ʻili liʻiliʻi iki. Hoʻopili ka ʻili, akā palupalu, palala liʻiliʻi, me ka waihoʻoluʻu uliuli-melemele. ʻO ka kala kala integumentary he ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, nā kānana, e uhi ana i ka hapalua o nā hua. ʻIke maoli ʻia a ʻae nā kiko lahilahi a keʻokeʻo paha ʻulaʻula. ʻAno momona a hoʻōla me ka pulima maikaʻi a me ke kākoi paʻa. He ʻono maikaʻi ka momona, momona-momona, me ka nati caramel a me ka momona. Ka ʻike maka - 4.5-4.7 mau wahi.
Wahi a ka papa inoa mokuʻāina, ʻo ia ka mea ʻono loea, akā i ka hapanui o nā kumuwaiwai a loiloi i kona ʻōmelike. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā meleka melba i ka ʻami, ke hoʻohui, nā hua maloʻo, ka wai a me ka cider. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu loa ʻo Ripening. ʻAʻole pono e hōʻiliʻili nā hōʻiliʻili, inā e hiolo koke nei nā hua ʻala hua. I nā ʻāina hema, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua meli i ka makahiki mua o ʻAukake, i nā ʻāina ʻākau - i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope. ʻUlaʻewa ka hola. Noho ola i loko o ka lumi - ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule, i loko o ka friji - 2-4 mau mahina.
Ke kākau nei i kēia huaʻōlelo, ʻike wau i kekahi o nā lāʻau āpau e ulu ana i loko o koʻu hale o ka'āina (ua loaʻa iā mākou i ʻelua mau makahiki i hala) ʻo Melba. E like me ka wehewehe o ka papa inoa mokuʻāina, hoʻololi nā mea a pau. Makemake wau ʻo kaʻu wahine i ka ʻono o kēia apu. He liʻiliʻi kona i ke kiʻekiʻe - aneane ʻekolu mau mika. Aia kekahi kumukūʻai semi-dwarf. ʻAʻole keleawe ka lei, e hana wale nei i nā mea maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e loaʻa i ka maʻi. I ka makahiki mua, hōʻiliʻili lākou i ka iwakālua mau ʻāpana o ka ʻaleka (he nui loa he ʻōpio nā lāʻau), i ka makahiki i hala, he iwakālua wale nō. Manaʻo mākou i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi i kēia makahiki. ʻO ka pilikia hoʻokahi ua ʻino ka ʻili i ke kumu o ka piko. Malia paha me ka nui o ka ʻohi o ka hau a me kona hoʻohemo mālie. ʻO nā mea nona mua he mau makahiki kahiko a, ʻoiai, he mea paʻakikī iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hau ma ka wā. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana ma ka waʻa, ʻoiai ua pau ka ʻili ma ka hapa nui o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala. ʻAe, e kākoʻo mākou iā ia a hiki iā ia ke ola. A i ka hāʻule e kūʻai kūleʻa mākou i ke kālele o Melba i mea e kanu ai i kēia kumulāʻau maikaʻi i ke kōkōlima ma hope.
Nā wikiō: ʻO ka loiloi lāʻau lāʻau Melba
Ke kanu ʻana o ka lāʻau meleka o Melba i ka pūnāwai
ʻO ka puna wai mua ka manawa maikaʻi e kanu ai i ka hua lāʻau mela Melba. Ma nā wahi like, ua koho lākou i ka manawa mai ka hoʻomaka o Malaki (mau ʻāina hema) a hiki i ka hopena o ʻApelila a hiki a i ka waena waena o Mei i nā wahi ʻākau. I ka manawa kanu, pono ke meli o ka hau a hoʻomehana ka ʻāina i ka + 5-10 ° C. ʻAʻole pua nei nā pua i kēia manawa i kēia manawa, akā ua hoʻomaka mua nei e pua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua kanu i loko o ka hāʻule i ka papahele a i kanu ʻia i ka lepo. ʻAʻole lākou e ala i ka manawa pae - ua kanu ʻia lākou ma ka hoʻomaha.
ʻO ke hoʻolālā kanu no nā kumulāʻau maʻamau i maʻamau ma ka mauʻu semi-dwarf he 3 x 7 m.Ko ka pā hale kula a me ke kauwela o ke kauwela, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka nui o ka lālani i ʻekolu mau mika. He lāʻau ma luna o kahi hua kanu e pono ai ma kahi o ʻelima mau keʻena o ka wahi kaʻawale.
Pono e koho ʻia i kahi no ka lāʻau āpau i ka hāʻule a laila hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka lua kumu. No ka paʻakai ka hua ahe i ka palaoa ke kanu i ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu iā ia i nā ʻāina lepo a i ʻole nā wahi me ka nui o ka hopena o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā aia ke kahua ma kahi papa liʻiliʻi o ka ʻaoʻao hema a i ʻole ke kūkulu hema. A inā mai ka ʻākau a i komohana paha, e pale ʻia ka lāʻau ʻōhika mai ka makani anuanu e nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka paia o ka hale - he koho kūpono kēia. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka lōʻihi mai ka hale o nā hale a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe ma mua o ʻelima mau mika, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole makemake ka lāʻau ʻōleʻa i ka pale. ʻAʻole hoʻokomo ʻo Melba i nā koi kūikawā i ka hoʻopulapula o ka lepo, akā eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka ulu ʻana i nā loams a me nā chernozems. He mea nui ia e laka a lepo.
ʻO nā maʻa o ka lua kauā ka mea like: e like me ke anawaena - hoʻokahi mita, hohonu - 60-70 kenimika. Inā ʻilihune a koʻikoʻi paha ka lepo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻonui i ka hohonu o ka lua i hoʻokahi mita, a me ke anawaena a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. Ma nā lepo lepo pālahalaha, waiho ʻia kahi papaha ma nā kenimika he 10-15 kenimika ma lalo o ka lua. Hiki i kēia ke kau, mea ʻala a haki, nā ʻōpala haki, a me nā mea ma luna o ka one, nā ʻāpana marl, kahi waiho o kahi pālolo ma lalo o ka lua e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka makika. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka luaʻi me kahi kīhāpai hanohano o ka chernozem, pit, humus a me ke one, ka nui i nā ʻāpana like. No kēlā me kēia mau lita o kēlā mau hui, ua hoʻohui ʻia he 30 mau kākela o ka superphosphate a me kahi aniani o ka lehu lāʻau.
Hiki i nā ʻōlelo hana hana alima no ka kanu ʻana i kahi hua lāʻau
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa kūpono, hoʻomaka lākou e kanu i nā mea kanu i ka lepo.
- Lawe lākou i kahi mea kanu hua lāʻau a hoʻoinu i kāna mau aʻa i loko o ka wai no kekahi mau hola.
- Hoʻoili ʻia kekahi nui o ka lepo mai ka lua ʻauwaʻi a hiki i ka lua hopena ke hoʻopono pono ʻia i ka ʻona ʻo ke ʻano huaʻa.
- Hāʻawi ʻia kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi i waenakonu o ka lua.
- Ma kahi mamao o 10-15 kenimika mai ke kikowaena, pili ka lāʻau lāʻau i kahi 1-1.2 m kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka lepo.
- Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hua hua wai mai ka wai a e hoʻopili ʻia kona aʻa me ka pauma Kornevin a i ʻo Heteroauxin powder.
- E kau i ka seedling me ke kua ʻona ma ka puʻu, e hoʻoponopono i nā aʻa a hoʻomaka e hoʻi hou i lākou. ʻO ka hui pū, ʻoi aku ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.
- Hoʻopiha piha lākou i ka lua a piha i ka honua. I kēia manawa, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia e pili ana i ka ʻae o ke kumu.
- E kāʻei i ka ʻala o ka mea kanu i ka pā me ka līpine palupalu.
- Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi mea chopper a i ʻole kahi mea e oki ai kahi mokulele, kahi i kū ʻia kahi pōkoki kokoke i ka nui o ka lula.
- Hoʻopili i ka lepo me ka nui o ka wai a i ʻole ka noho ʻana i nā hau sinuses i loko o ke kumu kumu.
- Ma hope o ka hoʻouluʻana i ka wai, e hoʻoheheʻe i ka lāʻau me ka hopena o ka ʻelima mau kā Kornevin ma ʻelima mau wai.
- ʻO ka lawe kumu o ke kikowaena ʻoki ʻia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 0.8-1.0 m, a ua hōʻoki ʻia nā lālā ma ka 20-30%.
- Ma hope o nā lā 2-3, e hamama ka ʻāina a hoʻopalulu ʻia me ka mauʻu, ka ʻōpala, ka wai, etc.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka māla a me nā subtleties o ka mālama
Me ka ʻokoʻa o nā pilikia me ka hikiʻole o nā maʻi, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka ulu ʻana o Melba. E like me nā lāʻau āpau, hoʻoinu nui lākou i nā makahiki mua o ke ola, e mālama nei i ka makiko mau (akā, me ka ʻole o ka lūlū ʻia) o ka lepo i ka manawa kau. Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o nā makahiki 5-6, e hoʻēmi ʻia ka wai i ka hoʻokahi mahina. E hooki iā lākou i nā hebedoma 2-3 ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka hua. I ka hopena o ke kau he, i lawe ʻia ka wai lawaiʻa mua-hoʻoilo.
ʻAʻole like ke kūlike o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kapa. E hoʻokokoke iā lākou i 3-4 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. I ka pūnāwai o kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻekolu, e lawe ʻia ana ʻo 5-7 kg / m ma lalo o ka eli ʻana2 ʻO humus, peat a kūpono paha. ʻO ka manawa like i ka manawa like, ua noi ʻia nā minamina o ka mineral - ka urea, ammonium nitrate, nitroammophoska - ma ke ʻano o 30-40 g / m2. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā o ka uluʻana, he mea pono e hoʻōla i ka lei me ka hoʻonā o ka waikona boric (2 g ma 10 mau lita o ka wai) - e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā ovaries. Manaʻo ʻia ka Phosphorus a me ka potassium no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua. Ma muli o kona insolubility, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka superphosphate i ka wā o ka ʻohi no ka eli ʻana - a laila ma ka wā e hiki mai ana e hōʻoli ʻia ka pihaʻai e ka mea kanu. ʻO ka paʻakai, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, haʻalele koke a hoʻohana pololei i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana i ka hua - i Iune. ʻElua mau lole pena luna, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma mua o ka pāmale monophosphate - a i ʻole potatate pāpaona - i ka wai i ka inu wai. Inanau - 10-20 g / m2. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka nui o nā hua, he mea kūpono hoʻi ke kākoʻo i ka lāʻau me ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o ka wai momona i ke kauwela. No ka hana ʻana i ka hana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā infusions organik i ka wai: mullein 2 a 10, ʻalo manu manu 1 a 10 a i ʻole mauʻu hou 1 a 2. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i hoʻopili ʻia no ka hebedoma i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai ma kahi pālahalaha o 1 a 10 a ua inu ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau ka hana ʻo nā kākahu 2-4 me kahi wana o ʻelua pule.
Pehea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka lāʻau meleka ʻo Melba
Ke hilinaʻi nei ke ʻano o ke kumulāʻau i kona ulu ʻana. ʻO kahi lāʻau pāholo kiʻekiʻe ma luna o kahi hua kanu e hana maʻamau e like me kahi hoʻolālā sparse-tier. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau laʻa i kūpono i ke kāʻei kapu - e hana ana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka mālamalama maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka lei, e hāʻawi i ka maʻalahi o ka mālama a me ka ʻohi hua. Hāpai pinepine nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma nā kumu lepo dwarf i nā trellises. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia o ka lei e ke ʻano o ka palma. I ke kumu paʻakikī o Siberia, ulu pinepine ʻo Melba i nā ʻano shale - e hāʻawi ia i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi lāʻau ma lalo o kahi papa hau. Ua wehewehe pōkole mākou i kēia mau kaʻina hana, ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana e hana ʻia ana nā hana āpau i ka wā mua i ka wā ma mua o ka pā ʻana o nā keiki.
Hiki i nā ʻōlelo aʻo i ke ala e pili ana i ka hoʻonaninani lei aliʻi sparse-tier
ʻO ia ka palapala kaulana loa a maikaʻi loa i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā mea kākau puke āpau. Hana ia e like me kēia:
- Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ua hana ʻia nā mākia mua o nā lālā skeletal. No ka hana i kēia, koho i nā lālā multidirectional 2-3 e ulu pū ana me kahi 20 o nā kenimika 20-25. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou i ka 20-30%.
- ʻO nā lālā āpau a pau ma ka ʻōpala i ʻoki ʻia "i ke kani."
- Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia ka mea lawe kumu kikowaena kiʻekiʻe ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 20-30 mau kenekulia ma luna o ka lālā ʻālaʻi luna.
- Ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha makahiki, ua hana ʻia ka lua o ka ʻāina o nā lālā hehi ma ke ʻano.
- I nā lālā o nā pou kuʻekuʻe mua e kau i hoʻokahi - i ʻelua mau lālā o ka papa o ka lua, ua ʻoki ʻia ke koena "i ke apo".
- Ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha makahiki paha, ua kū ʻia ke kolu o ka huaʻala o ke kūloko o nā kihi, ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka mea kikowaena waena ma luna o ke kumu o ka lālā luna.
Hiki i ke aʻo i ka hana i ka ʻāpana kapu i ka kīʻaha kapu
ʻO kēia kahi kūlana hou aku kēia, akā ua pālahalaha aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ia
- Hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ua koho ʻia nā lālā pālima o mua ma mua. Hiki iā lākou ke kau ma ka pae like - i ka hihia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke ʻano o kahi ipo maʻalahi - a ulu mai me ke aniani o 15-25 mau kenimika - i ka wā e kāpae ʻia e ke ʻano o kahi kīwī maikaʻi.
- Ua ʻoki ʻia kēia mau lālā i ka 20-30%, a ʻoki loa ʻia ke koena a pau.
- Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia ka mea hoʻokumu waena ma luna o ka kumu o ka lālā luna.
- I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili i nā lālā ʻōpala i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā lālā ʻelua o ka papa lua.
- Pono mau i ka hōʻoia o ka ulu ʻana o nā lālā laka ma ka ikaika a ʻaʻole i hele i mua o kekahi. A i ʻole, hiki i kekahi o nā lālā ke hāpai i ka hana o ke alakaʻi kikowaena, e hōʻole wale i ke kānāwai o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kēia ʻano.
Ua like ka lei o kaʻu Melba e like me kahi kīʻaha maʻalahi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka manawa i ke kūʻai i ke kauwela kauwela, ua hoʻopili maoli ka lāʻau āpau, akā maʻalahi wau i hoʻoponopono ʻia i ke kumu mua loa. I ka pūnāwai lua, ua nalowale ka pono no ka aniani. I ka hāʻule ʻana ua hōʻoki au i kekahi mau lālā maloʻo, akā ua liʻiliʻi kekahi o lākou. Pono paha ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia o Thinning i kēia makahiki aʻe - akā he paʻakikī maoli nō ia.
Ka ʻole-e aʻo i ke ʻano o ka hana i ke ʻano o nā palama
Ke kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau ʻulaʻu, pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo i nā pou no nā trellises a kau i nā lālani o nā kaula me ke aniani o 50-60 kenimika. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā lāʻau Apple ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
- Ma ka pahu, koho i nā pua a i nā mea ulu ulu i loaʻa i ka mokulele trellis. He ʻewalu ma ka ʻumikumamālua.
- Hoʻopili ʻia nā twigs i 20-30 kenimika.
- Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā lālā ʻē aʻe a pau "i loko o ka apo", ua makapo i nā pua ulu.
- I nā makahiki ma hope mai, he kūleʻa nā lālā a nakinaki ʻia i nā trellis i loaʻa ai i nā kuhi o nā kuhi he 45-55 °, a ʻo nā mea kiʻekiʻe he 60-80 °.
- E hōʻoki ʻia ka mea hoʻonoho waena i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i ʻole ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 60-70 kenimika ma luna o ka kumu o ka lālā kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO nā lālā āpau pono a hoʻokūkū a hoʻopau ʻia.
- Ke waiho nei nā lālā ʻōloli me kahi waʻa o 15-20 kenimika. ʻAʻole lākou e nakinaki a kūlou - pono lākou e ulu kūʻokoʻa.
Nā ʻōkuhi i neʻina e pili ana i ka hana stlan o ka lei
No kahi hoʻopulapula ʻano, koho ʻia ka makahiki āpau, maʻalahi ia, seedling. Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano i ke ʻano i kēia a me nā alahui aʻe.
- Ke kanu nei, ua hoʻokomo i ka hua a piula a ʻili liʻiliʻi paha - a hiki i 45 °.
- I ka mahina o Iune, ua kūlou ke kuʻekuʻe i kahi kūlana ākea a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēia kūlana ma nā mākaʻi i ka lepo. E noho mau ka hipa ma kahi kū a kū ai ʻole i ka wā.
- Ma hope o kēia, i ka makahiki mua, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i luna o ka piko o ke kū. E hoʻomaka paha paha kēia ma ka makahiki lua. Aia ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka luna 25-30 kenimika, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao a kuʻi ʻia, a kau ana i ka lua o ka poʻohiwi.
- I nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, e kūkulu ʻia nā lōlima ʻelua, ma hope o ke hoʻopuni ʻia nei e 20-30% e hoʻoulu i ka branching.
- Ma hope aku, kūkulu ʻia nā lālā pīkī hana mua mai nā wana ikaika me ka wailua o 30-40 kenimika. ʻO nā ʻoki i lalo e ʻoki ʻia i "ka apo", ua kāʻī ʻia nā mea kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ke kolu o ka lā - ʻehā o ka lau e kū ai i ka hoʻopono hua.
- Ka huluhulu a me ka hanaʻai i ka mea maʻamau i ke ola o ka lāʻau.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka lei lei
Hoʻopili i nā mea kanu, lawe pinepine ʻia ka maʻemaʻe ma o ka neʻe ʻana i nā pua maloʻo a maʻi. Hana ʻia kēia i ka hopena o ke kauwela ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka kahe puna. A i ka wā ma mua o ka pūnāwai, pono ia e ʻokiʻoki, hoʻopili i ka palalupula, ka lei aliʻi o Melba, e ʻoki i nā lālā e ulu ana i loko, i luna a i lalo, hoʻopili a hoʻopili pū kekahi me kekahi.
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka mālama
No ka mālama ʻana, hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi kō. Pono e hana i kēia wā ma ka maloʻo - nā ʻōpala i hōʻiliʻili ma hope o ka ua ʻole e mālama ai. Me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono, hiki ke mālama ʻia lākou no lākou a hiki i ʻehā mau malama. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua kau ʻia nā apu i loko o nā pahu lāʻau i nā papena 2-3, e neʻe me ka pepa a i ʻole nā ʻāpana o nā lāʻau deciduous. ʻAʻole pono nā hua e paʻi kekahi. Hoʻonohonohoʻia nā pahu i nā pahu me nā mahana hau mai -1 ° C a +7 ° C.
Ma kā mākou ʻohana ʻaʻohe ala e mālama ai i nā hua manamana i ka papahele, akā me ʻelua mau hoʻopulapula, i ka makahiki ma mua i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokele mākou e mālama i nā kineneka he nui o Melba a hiki i ka Makahiki Hou. Hāʻawi lākou i ka kālele haʻahaʻa ma nā hua a me nā lau.
Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha
ʻO ka ʻolā a me ka palaʻu ʻōpala ke kumu nui o ka lāʻau kahiko o nā hua lāʻau. I kēia manawa, ke ākea kēia mau maʻi, hiki ʻole ke ulu iā Melba me ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me nā ana pono.
Paleka: Ke kūlohelohe a pale mai i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki o nā hua lāʻau maikaʻi
Nā hanana hanana | Pehea a pehea e hana ai | ʻO ka wāʻimi | Loaʻa ka hopena |
Kiliʻili a me ke puhi ʻana i nā lau hāʻule | Paukū ma hope o ka lau o ka lau | ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana i ka hoʻoilo i nā lau, spores of pathogens o nā maʻi fungal (scab, powdery mildew, etc.). A ua luku ʻia nā mea ʻinoʻino ʻē aʻe - nā ʻōpala, nā lau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. | |
Pale a me ka puhi ʻana o nā lālā mamao | |||
ʻO ka ʻeli hohonu o ka ʻāina o nā lāʻau kahi lāʻau me kahi kīwī o ka honua | ʻO ka puna o ka wā ma mua, ma mua o ka hau | Hoʻomaka nā manu ʻona i nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka lepo ma luna o ka ʻāina, kahi e make ai lākou mai ka hau | |
ʻO ka nānā a me ka mālama ʻana no ka ʻili | Inā loaʻa nā laka a me nā ʻino, e ʻoki ʻia lākou i ka lāʻau i ke olakino, huihue ʻia me ka 1% kūkaʻi o ka keleawe keleawe a kau aku i kahi kahu pale o ka māla make | Hulu | Kāohi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hollows, ʻoi keola ʻeleʻele, homosis, cytosporosis |
ʻO ke kāwili lāʻau i nā ʻōpū a me nā kumulāʻau | E hoʻokala i kahi hopena o ka lace slaked me ka hoʻohui o 1% keleawe keleawe a me ka lema PVA, a me nā pā lāʻau kūikawā. | Hoʻopau Bark disinfection, pale iā ka lā | |
ʻO ka hoʻoiliʻana i ka lei a me ka lepo me ka 3% hoʻonā o ka keleawe keleawe | I ka hāʻule o ka puna, i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana | Kāohi ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoi a me nā pōpoki | |
ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i ka lei me nā hoʻonā o nā mea kanu lapa. DNOC - hoʻokahi manawa ʻekolu makahiki, ʻo Nitrafen - i nā makahiki ʻē aʻe. | Ma ke kakahiaka | ||
Hoʻohui ʻana i nā noho hao | Ke kiʻekiʻe o 40-50 mau kenimika mai luna o ka pae o ka ʻāina, kahi kāʻei i hana ʻia mai nā lako improvised e hoʻopili ana ma ka ʻōpū lāʻau paapona | Ke hana nei i nā pale i ka pōʻino pepeke - nā pua keu, nā ʻoka, nā kime, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e kuʻi ai i ka lei o ka lāʻau lāʻau. | |
Pākaʻi manu | Ma mua o ka pua, ua mālama ʻia lākou me Horus, i ka wā o ka pua - me Embrelia, i ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho o ka hua - me Skor. I ka wā holo ulu holoʻokoʻa, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Fitosporin-M. ʻO nā kahalaha hana i ʻelua mau pule, i ka manawa nui - hoʻokahi pule. ʻO nā fungicides āpau, koe wale ʻo Fitosporin, hoʻohui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me nā mea hana like ʻole ma mua o ʻekolu mau manawa i kēlā me kēia wā he maikaʻi ʻole. | Kāohi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoi, kahi komo me ka palaʻai | |
Pui ʻaila pūlehu | Ma mua o ka pua, ua mālama ʻia lākou me Decis, ma hope o ka pua ʻana - Fufanon, Commander, Spark | ʻEstlelo Pest |
ʻO nā maʻi koʻikoʻi o ka lāʻau meli Melba
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka scab a me ka pauka pulehu.
E like me kaʻu i kākau ai ma luna nei, ʻaʻole maʻi koʻu Melba me ka ʻōpala a i ʻole nā mea palaʻu. Ulu ʻo ia i kahi kūmaikaʻi maikaʻi a māla maikaʻi, hoʻāla ʻia mai ka makani e ka pā o ka hale aupuni. A ma ia mau mea, mālama pono wau i nā lula o ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, i haʻi ʻia ma luna. No laila hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo maluhia - e ulu ʻo Melba me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā lula maʻalahi he mea maoli ʻole ʻole ia he paʻakikī.
Nā ʻōpala o nā lāʻau lāʻau
ʻAʻole ma kahi āpau e maʻi ai ʻo Melba me ka ʻōpala. Hoʻopilikia kēia maʻi i nā lāʻau ʻula i ulu ʻia i nā ʻōpū palaualona. No kona hoʻomohala ʻana, pono ʻoe i ka pūnāwai maloʻo a malū. Hoʻolelelela manu i ka hoʻoilo i nā lau hāʻule i hoʻoulu ai i ka mahana o +20 ° C. ʻO lākou, ma muli o ka ʻiʻo o ka membrane mukosa, e hoʻopili ma ka lalo o nā lau ʻōpio o ka hua lāʻau. Ma hope o nā hebedoma 2-3, komo ka pēpē i loko o ka papa conidial, kahi e hōʻeha ai i ka maʻi lua o nā lau o ka lei. I kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā maʻalahi i ke ʻano o nā lau o nā ʻoliva maoli, ʻo ia ka mea e huli ai i ka brown a me ka mahele. I ke kauwela, hele nā pua i nā huaʻai, kahi i loaʻa ai nā hōʻoki, nā ʻōpū o ka necrotic, a me nā ʻano hōʻailona pulp e hana ʻia. Hoʻopau ka hua ʻole i ka ulu ʻana, lawe i kahi ʻano ʻino a hāʻule i ka hāʻule.
No ka hakakā kūloko, kūpono loa ka lāʻau Strobi - i ka wikiwiki (i loko o kekahi mau hola) e pani i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi a ālai ʻia i kona pālahalaha ʻana, e kū ana i nā spores ʻole. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka pale ʻana i ka hebedoma ʻelua, akā me ka hōʻeha nui ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana ma hope o hoʻokahi pule. I ka huakaʻi, a hiki i nā ʻekolu lapaʻau ke hana.
ʻO ka ʻōpala Powdery
ʻO kēia ka maʻi kēia o nā ʻāina hema. Ma kahi e hoʻomaha ai ka mahana o ka hoʻoilo ma lalo -20 ° C, ʻaʻole e ola ka pathogen. Pā ka maʻi maʻamau i ke kauwela. Ma ka ma lalo o nā lau, mycelium spots o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana. Ma o nā petioles, hoʻokomo nā spora i nā pua ulu a lākou e hoʻoilo ai. I ka pūnāwai, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hoʻoulu nā spora a pili i nā lau ʻōpio, nā ʻākena o nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā pua, e uhi ana iā lākou me ke kālaʻula, keʻokeʻo. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua pā ʻia nā ovaries a me nā hua i uhi ʻia, e uhi ʻia me ka ʻohuʻeha e komo ana i ka ʻiʻo. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kaʻina ʻohi a me nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā ʻano hana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka scab.
Papa pākaukau: nā pōpō he nui o ka hua meleka ʻo Melba
Kāu | Pehea lākou e nānā ai | Hoʻopilikia | Nā hana o ke kāohi a me ke kāohi |
Apple papa | Mālamalama pōpoki kukui polū 2-3 cm lōʻihi | Mai nā hua i kau ʻia ma luna o nā pou o luna o ka pāpale, nauka ke ʻōpala. Hoʻomo koke lākou i nā huaʻai aʻai maʻa, kahi lākou e hānai ai i nā hua. ʻO ka hopena, hāʻule nā hua. Me ka pohō o nā hua i hoʻopau ʻia, lilo lākou i ʻōpala - hiki i kēia hiki ke hoʻohana wale iā lākou no ka hoʻoili ʻana. | Ma mua a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, mālama ʻia ka lei me Decis, Fufanon. |
ʻO Apple Blossom | ʻO kēia he mau pīpī pīpī liʻiliʻi - 2-3 mm. ʻO nā ʻōpala o ka lepo o nā pōkoki ua kokoke loa, a i ka wā ma mua o ke kahawai e lele a kū i ka lei. | Hāpiki nā wahine i ke kumu o nā ʻōpala a kau i hoʻokahi hua manu ma kēlā Luke aku iā lākou, ʻai nā palaʻai i ka pua mai loko, ma hope o ka pua ʻole ia. | ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā pōpoki me ka pale ʻana i nā pōpoki e hiki aku i ka lei. Hoʻokūpaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka holomua. |
Pale ʻia | Kuhi ʻia kahi aniani a hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kona lōʻihi ma ka cortex ma lalo o nā pale a hiki i ʻekolu kūniha. | Aia ia i ka wai o ka ili, ka lau a me nā hua | Inā loaʻa ka mea pīpī, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻili me nā pala keleawe, a laila holoi ʻia me ka wahi o ka umu holoi a me ka soda. I kekahi manawa, hōʻoki ʻia nā lālā i pā ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia. |
Gall aphid | Hiki ke loaʻa nā Aphids i loko o nā lau ʻōpio lauwili a me nā ʻāpana aʻoaʻo o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio | ʻAi ia i ka wai o nā lau, ʻōpala, i kekahi mau makahiki, ua mau ʻia ka pohō i ka 50% | No ka mea ke hali ana nā antsi i nā aphids ma ka pāpale, e kau ana i nā kāʻei hunai e pale i ka pilikia. Hoʻohana maikaʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau manuahi ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i nā lau twisted. |
Kiʻi kiʻi: hiki i nā pōpō nui nā hua lāʻau maikaʻi
- Hiki i nā kolo Apple ke hao nui i ka hua
- ʻAi ʻia ka pua kui larva i ka pua mai loko
- Nani ka pale ma ka ʻili o nā lālā
- Hoʻokomo ʻia e ka aphid gall, nā lau o ke kumulāʻau ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula
Nā Hōʻike Kūʻai
Ma lalo o Peter, ulu ulu nui ʻo Melba. Hoʻokomo i nā manawa, hoʻokahi wale nō i ola i ka hua, akā ua make i ka makahiki aʻe. ʻAʻole nō i ola ka poʻe ʻē aʻe e hua.
Alexey
//otvet.mail.ru/question/83075191
Loaʻa iaʻu ʻo Melba, ʻono maikaʻi a ʻaʻole ʻino i kahi mālama (pili ʻole iā Papiroka, ʻaʻole wahaheʻe ʻia). Akā ʻo Melba ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka ʻili a me ka maʻi ʻeleʻele. Ke ulu nei ʻo Medunitsa, ʻaʻole i hoʻopua, akā makemake wau e haʻalele iā ia ma mua o Melba.
Elena Akentieva
//otvet.mail.ru/question/83075191
Ma ka momona, manaʻo wau he mea kūpono kēlā me kēia mau ʻano hua pākia! Ke hoʻohana ʻia, loaʻa ʻoe i ka leʻaleʻa holoʻokoʻa! ʻO ke ola hoʻi, ke manaʻo nei, he like like ia me ka mālama pono ʻana me nā mea liʻiliʻi i loko o ka friji a hiki i Nowemapa! (ʻai i loko o ka 20s). Akā ua ʻokoʻa nā mea i ka haʻalele ʻana! Inā ʻo Medunitsa kahi palupalu, a me ka maʻi e pale ai i ka maʻi (ʻaʻole ia e koi i ka mālama hou no ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau me nā mea kanu), a laila ua palupalu ʻo Melba i kēia ʻike! Ua pilikia wau i ka scab a me nā pala i nā makahiki he mau makahiki, a nui loa paha ka noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka lanakila ʻana i nā maʻi! Kekahi ua wela a me ka ʻeha moʻolelo !! ʻAe, pono nō hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo mākou, ma hope o kā Medunitsa kā mākou like ʻole, bred by Isaev, a ʻo Melba ʻaʻole i bred mai iā mākou!
ʻO Pilipych
//otvet.mail.ru/question/83075191
Ke ulu nei ka lāʻau ʻōleʻa o ka ʻano like ʻole o Melba ma ko mākou ʻāina no 40 mau makahiki, ae ʻoluʻolu pū iā mākou me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hua wale ia i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki (ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke ʻano o ka hua i kēia ʻano), akā he ʻono a me nā mea ʻala ʻo nā hua hou ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano hou.
Olga 1971 [75K]
//www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/1701674-jabloni-sortov-melba-i-uelsi-stoit-li-sazhat.html#hcq=USoI6Pq
Hoʻohui: nā hua ʻono maikaʻi. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻo Moni Melba iā ia iho i ka manawa. Nā mea nele: i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka scab No ka wā lōʻihi, koʻu kupuna kāne i loko o ke kīhāpai, aia ʻelua mau hua pua. ʻO nā lehelehe kūpono "Melba". Mai koʻu wā kamaliʻi, ua aloha wau i ka ʻono o kēia mau hua āpau. ʻO lākou, nā huaʻī, he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻona a ʻona hoʻi. Papa maikaʻi ʻo "Melba" no ka pīpī ʻana i nā wai momona. Hana ʻo kupuna kāne i ka wai mai kēia ʻano like ʻole, ʻoiai ua nui nā hua lāʻau i loko o ka māla. ʻEhā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻoholo wau e kūkulu i kahi kamaliʻi ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi ma kaʻu pūnaewele. Ua koho wau i mau ʻano, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole poina e pili iā Melba. Ua kūʻai au i ʻelua mau huaʻaina i hoʻoili ʻia e ka hui ʻo Michurinsky Saplings. ʻEkolu makahiki nā kihi ʻo Melba. ʻO ka maikaʻi, aia kahi ʻano pehea e hoʻoholo ai. ʻAʻole pono ka lau o nā mea kanu (i kanu wau i ka hāʻule o ka pua), ʻaʻohe puna o ka ʻōpala o nā pua, a laila pū kekahi. ʻO kēlā ʻula e ʻālamalama. Ua kanu wau iā Melba i nā lua me ka lōʻihi o 1 mika a ka hohonu o kahi 70-80 cm. Inā naʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō ke kumu o Melba, ʻoi aku ka ulu mua, ua kanu ʻia nā hua ʻelua, akā i ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki ʻelua ua ʻānai ʻia ka lāʻau āpau e nā voles (makemake lākou e hoʻohiolo i ka ʻōnaehana) no laila hakakā me kahi vole i mua. Eia i ka hā o ka makahiki (ʻo Melbe keu ʻehiku mau makahiki) ua pua ka hua pua ʻenehana no ka manawa mua. Loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hua liʻiliʻi. ʻOno maikaʻi aku ka ʻōlelo aʻu e haʻi aku ai iā ʻoe. A ua huli maoli ʻo Melba, ʻaʻole kekahi holoholona hihiu. No laila ke kuhikuhi nei wau i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me ka ʻoihana o ka mea kūʻai. E hana wau i kahi hoʻomaha a ʻo ia hoʻi ke Komohana ʻo Moscow.
Sokrat
//otzyvy.pro/reviews/otzyvy-yablonya-sort-melba-134901.html
Ma muli o, Melba kekahi o nā momi o ke kauwela maikaʻi loa. A ʻo ka hiki ke mālama i ka hua i aneane a hiki i ka makahiki Hou e hāʻawi i kahiʻokoʻa i hoʻopiʻi hou aʻe. I ka mea i lanakila i ka penchant no ka scab a me ka powdery mildew e kōkua i nā fungicides hou. ʻO kēia ʻaupō no nā konohono maoli o ka maikaʻi.