ʻO ka meaʻoi loa, he haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui, nā hua kiʻekiʻe o nā hua ʻai i lilo i ka noi nui. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi nui o nā pono - hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mea kūʻai ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mālama lāʻau, kanu a me ka hōʻiliʻili. Ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka cherries maʻamau i kākau ʻia ma ka papa inoa o nā palapala koho i nā kūleʻa o ka Lūkini Lūkini, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi Shu-fruited Shokoladnitsa. Eia kekahi ma kahi haʻahaʻa o ka lāʻau, loaʻa i ka nui o nā mea hoʻohālike i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kona hāʻawi ʻana i loko o kā mākou mau māla.
Wehewehe Kukulu Kukulu
ʻO ka like me ka bred i ka All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Culture Selection i ka Oryol Region a ua manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka Central Central o Russia. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke kaikamahine chocolate i loko o ka mokuʻāina o nā Kīwī ʻana o nā Kēkē Mokuʻāina ʻo 1996
Wahi a ka papa helu ʻEulopa, ua māhelehele ʻia nā lua ʻoiola (maʻamau ʻole, ʻaʻole lace, ke one, ka ʻāpana a me Sakhalin) i ʻelua mau ʻano.
- morel - nā ʻāpana me nā ʻulaʻula uliuli, kokoke i nā hua ʻeleʻele i ke ʻano o ka wā ʻōpala a me ka wai kala;
- amoreli - ʻulaʻula me ka wai ʻole.
Wahi a Shokoladnitsa i ka morel. ʻO kāna mau "mau mākua" mai ana ia i hoʻohiki ʻia ai ʻo Pahu a me Lyubskaya mea kūʻai kūloko. ʻO kēia kahi lau ʻala ʻōpala. Hoʻomaka ka Shokoladnitsa e hua i ka makahiki 5 ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua kanu makahiki, a ua kanu ʻia nā hua he 1.5-2 makahiki i kanu ʻia no ka makahiki 3-4.
Loaʻa kālai:
- liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - kahi ulu lāʻau ulu maikaʻi ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 2.5 m. Ke kanu nei nā hua i ka nui o nā mea kanu, ua kanu ʻia lākou ma ka waena o 2.5 m ma waena o nā wahi a me nā 3.5 m ma waena o nā lālani;
Ke kanu ʻana i nā lau ʻalā Kūleʻa e ʻike i kahi anawa o ka 2.5 m ma waena o nā kahi he a me ka 3.5 m ma waena o nā lālani
- lei lei aliʻi - aia ka lihi nui ma luna, no ka mea e lawe ka lāʻau i kahi liʻiliʻi, kahi kūpono i ke kaikamahine Chocolate i loko o nā māla liʻiliʻi;
- huahana kiʻekiʻe - kūpono i ka mahiʻai i nā ʻenehana ʻenehana a i nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi kahi lāʻau maʻamau i 15 kg o nā huaʻai maikaʻi;
- ʻo kekahi o nā hoʻopōmaikaʻi nui ʻana o nā lau ma ka hau a me ka ua - ʻo kēia mau ʻano kekahi o nā pahuhopu nui
- ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o nā hua ʻē aʻe o nā lau ʻeleʻele.
- Mea ola nui o ka lāʻau "ma ka hiki ke piha" - ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ola kiaʻi Chocolate - a hiki i ka 17-20 mau makahiki. Akā ma hope o 15 makahiki, ua hoʻomaka mua kahi lāʻau kahiko e ʻike i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka huahana;
- ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa huakaʻi - ʻaʻole pono e koi i ke kālaʻai ʻana me nā cherries kokoke i ka wā o ka pua.
ʻO ka pilikino pilikino o nā ʻano like ʻole e loaʻa kahi lāʻau i hū ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻōlelo aku ka nui o nā māla ʻo kanu i ke kanu ʻana iā Shokoladnitsa i ka hui me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe - nā ʻano kahiko ʻo Vladimirskaya (maʻamau ʻo Vladimirka), Turgenevskaya, Lyubskaya a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka poli mai nā mea ʻokoʻa i ka wā o ka pua ʻana i ka mea hihiu e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a hoʻonui i ka hua o nā pūʻulu cherries o nā ʻano like ʻole e kokoke mai. A ma ka manawa like ka manawa e loaʻa ai kahi manawa e aʻo a loaʻa ai nā pono o nā ʻanoʻokoʻa like ʻole. ʻO kahi mea koʻikoʻi - i ka wā e kanu ai i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe a, inā pono, e hoʻonui i ka mamao ma waena o nā kahi o ka kahi, i ʻike ʻole lākou e pale ʻole.
Aia no nā hemahema o nā ʻano like ʻole, i nā loiloi, kāhea nā māla lāʻau i ka maikaʻi nui o Kāwahine Chocolate i ka pupule ʻana i nā maʻi ʻelua - coccomycosis a me ka moniliosis. Eia naʻe, ka ho'ākāka o ka ʻokoʻa, i hāʻawi ʻia e State State of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, e pili ana i ka pale kū ʻana i ka coccomycosis. ʻO ka mea ʻole ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hemahema ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia i ka hemahema o ka pale aku i ka moniliosis ʻo ia wale nō ka hemahema o nā ʻano. A he mea maikaʻi ia e ʻike i nā ana no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi i pīpī.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Moniliosis ma Rūsia a me kahi kokoke i kahi mamao ʻē aʻe: e like me kekahi mau kumu, i ka hopena o 80s a me ka 90s mua. I kēlā manawa, ua hōʻeha mua nā māla i Belarus, a laila ma ko mākou ʻāina.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka kumu kumu kumu o ka moniliosis e komo i ka lāʻau ceri i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu, ma o nā ʻaka hou
Hoʻomoʻa pinepine ka maʻi i ka ʻeha i ka wā o ka pruning, ma o nā ʻūwī hamama hou. No laila, hui pū ke kaʻina hana me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka lei me ka wai o Bordeaux wai a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau antifungal kūikawā a i ʻole he mau mea hoʻihoʻi hoʻoliʻi. No ka palekana, ua hoʻomau ʻia ka mālama like ʻana ma hope o ka pua.
Hoʻopau nā hua pua ma lalo o kahi kumulāʻau i nā lau hāʻule i hāʻule. No laila, ʻo ke pale ʻana o ka moniliosis e hoʻolapalapa a puhi i nā lau hāʻule i hāʻule i ka hāʻule, e pīpī i ka lepo me ka wikiwiki, flimey lime a hoʻopiha i ka pōpoki ʻōpala no ka hoʻoilo me kahi mulch hou e uhi i nā aʻa mai ka manu manuahi. A hiki ʻole hoʻi ke waiho i nā hua maloʻo a maloo paha i luna o ka lāʻau - hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau kahu hānai no nā mea lehulehu.
ʻO kahi ulu ma kahi maʻamau i hoʻomālamalama, maikaʻi ʻole, nā pua ʻūlū ʻole me ka hoʻomākeʻū ʻia o ka lūlū ma ka lei e loaʻa ai ka pale palekana a hiki iā ia ke pale aku i kekahi maʻi.
Kela Kūleʻa Kūleʻa
I ka holo ʻana, pono ʻoe e hahai i kekahi mau lula.
Koho noho
E hoʻomohala maikaʻi ke kaikamahine coklat i kahi kahi e hoʻomālamalama ʻia, ʻaʻole i ka puʻu, ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi me ke ʻano ʻole o nā papa hana. He pālahalaha iki ia, akā ma ka loulou ikaika e ulu iki ka lāʻau, e ulu ka hua a liʻiliʻi a me ka waikawa, a no ka palupalu ʻole o ka lā, e ʻike ʻia ana ka nui o nā maʻi.
Aia nā wahi i hiki ʻole i nā cherries ke ulu ma muli o ka pae kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai hohonu - kokoke ma mua o 1,5 m mai ka ihu. A hiki ke aʻa ma kahi o kahi lāʻau e ulu ana, e make ka lāʻau. A paʻa ʻole paha i kēia, akā mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana - ma ka makahiki 4-6, hiki i nā aʻa ke piʻi i kahi hohonu o 1.6 m.
E ulu maikaʻi nā cherry Shokoladnitsa i kahi wahi hoʻomālamalama me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa honua
Pēlā ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana
ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi kēia Cherry o kēia ʻano i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, akā aia kekahi mau kūlana e pono e mālama ʻia.
- kūlia ʻole a lepo iki paha i ka lepo alkali me kahi pH o 7.0;
- maloʻo ka lepo, hanu a me ʻole ka wai meʻe.
Ma ka loamy, ka pāpaʻi lepo lepo-malo, nā aʻa o ka cherry e hoʻopau a pala. E kanu i nā ʻāina, pono ke ʻano he nui.
- Pono e hoʻomākaukau i ka luʻu pae ʻāina ʻaʻole e ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana o ka hua huʻa, akā he mau manawa i ʻoi aku a hohonu. Aia ka ʻōhumu o ke aniani ma ka hohonu he 15 a 70 cm (ka ʻōpala ma kahi hohonu o 20-40 cm). Hiki i nā aʻa lāʻau ʻano lāʻau ke hele i ka hohonu hohonu, akā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau i ka lepo ma lalo o lākou, hiki iā lākou ke kūkulu i loko o kekahi ʻano. Ma ka pili ʻana, hiki i nā aʻa o nā cherries ke loaʻa i nā manawa he nui i ka nui o ka lei, no laila ma lalo o kahi lāʻau hoʻokahi e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka lepo ma kahi pōʻai me ka anawaena o 3 m m mai ka ʻāpana:
- i ka hohonu o 40-50 cm kahi mamao;
- i ka hohonu o 70 cm i ke kikowaena, ma ka pae o ke kahua kūlike.
Ma nā lepo ikaika, ua mākaukau ʻia kahi pae waʻu no nā cherries ma ka nui ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu
- Pono e hui pū ʻia ka ʻāina i wae ʻia me ka lepo turf, chernozem, humus, peat a hiki i ka lawa ʻana.
- No laila, hoʻi ka ʻāina i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ka wahi a me ka pae ʻāina hou e like me ka maʻamau.
He mea paʻakikī ke ʻano, no ka kanu ʻana i kahi nui o nā wahiwi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke loaʻa kahi pūnaewele.
Koho kanu ʻana a kanu
Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa o nā hua heʻumi a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe 60-80 cm me kahi pūnaehana maikaʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia (ʻo nā hua o kēia wā ke a maikaʻi ka maikaʻi). Eia nō naʻe aia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kanu i nā hua liʻiliʻi ma waena o 2-3 mau mea i mea e wikiwiki ai ka hua mua ma mua o 1-2 mau makahiki. Hoʻopau ʻia ka hana lima i ka wā hoʻomaha - i ka hāʻule o ʻOkakopa a i ka pūnāwai paha i ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila. Hana ʻia e like me kēia:
- E kālai i ka lua ākea i ka nui o nā aʻa i kahi kiko kūpono. Pēlā e like me ke kānāwai, no nā makahiki ʻelima he 40 cm ka lōʻihi a ma kahi o 80 cm hohonu.
- Hoʻohui ʻia ka lepo i koho ʻia mai ka lua me ka humus (e pili ana iā 3 lita no 10 pākaha o ka lepo) a me ka lehu lāʻau - 0,5 lita no 10 lita o ka lepo.
- Ma ka kikowaena e alakaʻi ai lākou i kahi helu.
Pono kahi ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio e hoʻopili ʻia i ka lāʻau e pale ai iā ia mai nā makani ikaika
- Hoʻokaʻa ʻia ka palaʻa i loko o ka lua me ka pu a 15-20 cm kiʻekiʻe.
- Hoʻolilo ʻia kahi sapling i luna ma ka pu, a hoʻomoʻi mālie i nā aʻa. Kūkulu ʻia ma ka hohonu hohonu kahi e ulu ai ka mea kanu i ka ʻōpū, i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻāpana o ka ʻili. Akā ʻaʻole pono e hoʻāla ʻia ka ʻā aʻa. Inā he haʻahaʻa loa ia ma lalo o ke kumu o ka pae, ua hāpai ʻia ka sapling a ninini i kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻona kumu ma luna o ka ʻāina he 3-5 cm.
ʻO ka aʻa kumu o kahi hua cherry me 3-5 cm ma luna o ka lepo
- Ua ninini ke aʻa me ka lepo palaka a no laila ʻaʻole kahi nui o ka lewa nui.
- Hoʻohui i ka lepo a puni ke ʻōpala.
- Hoʻokaʻa ʻia ka wai ma ka 10 mela o ka wai i 1 pā.
- Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hua huʻu i kahi lāʻau me kahi kaula ʻaʻole traumatic i ka ʻili a i ʻole kahi kaula palupalu.
- Kāleka me ka humus, ka ʻili, ka ʻōpala a i ʻole nāʻuʻu i ʻoki ʻia me kahi papa o 5 cm.
Ma hope o ke kanu a me ka hoʻoulu wai, ua kālai ʻia nā hua me kahi papa o ka liʻiliʻi a 5 cm
ʻO ka mālama Chocolate
Mahele hou ka mālama mua ʻana no ka seedling he maʻalahi:
- pono ia e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ka laka pili pono ʻole i nā lau nāu;
- i ka hala ʻole o nā ua nui i ka hopena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune, e pono ai e hoʻoulu ʻia ka seedling 10-15 lita o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kauwela a me ka ʻohi, hiki ke koi wale ia i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hihia o ke anuanu pono ʻole.
Kākau
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono ke aloha ʻo Shokoladnitsa pruning, ka mea i lawe ʻia i ka puna mua ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kahe wai. Pono e ʻokiʻoki ʻia ʻo Cherry: ʻaʻole kēia ke ʻano o nā ʻano ulu a ulu aʻe i ka 7 m a loaʻa kahi lei aliʻi ikaika, kahi kahi nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka lālā. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻoki ʻia kahi pahu polū no ke kāohi wale a me ka lei aliʻi. Nā 'ano a me nā kumu o ka trimming:
- maʻemaʻe - e wehe i nā maʻi, nā uha, nā lālā āpau. Ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpala āpau ma lalo - he palupalu wale ia i ka lāʻau;
- ka ʻohi ʻana:
- inā ulu nā lālā kūlike - e ulu ana i loko o ka lei, i ka lepo, ka intertwined, a laila lawe ʻia lākou. Ua ʻoki ʻia ke lālā "i kahi apo", ʻo ia hoʻi, me ia hemp. Ua uhi ʻia ka wahi o ka ʻoki ma ka varnish māla, no ka mea he pololei ke kālaʻi, hiki i kahi ʻaka ma kahi o ka ʻoki i ke manawa, e pala ka lāʻau, maʻi a make paha;
He mea nui ia e ʻoki pono i nā lālā o ka cherry i ʻole ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka maʻi ma ka pūnaewele ʻokiʻoki
- kua lahilahi i nā lālā koʻilima a ma waena o lākou aia ma kahi o 10-15 cm e hoʻopau i ka pala. Pono ka lāʻau pākeke e hoʻonani i nā kinipōpō nui 10-15;
- inā ulu nā lālā kūlike - e ulu ana i loko o ka lei, i ka lepo, ka intertwined, a laila lawe ʻia lākou. Ua ʻoki ʻia ke lālā "i kahi apo", ʻo ia hoʻi, me ia hemp. Ua uhi ʻia ka wahi o ka ʻoki ma ka varnish māla, no ka mea he pololei ke kālaʻi, hiki i kahi ʻaka ma kahi o ka ʻoki i ke manawa, e pala ka lāʻau, maʻi a make paha;
- anti-kahiko - lawe ʻia inā ʻōpiopio ka lāʻau pākiha - ma nā kihi o nā lālā ʻaʻohe hua lau a me nā ʻōpio - a hua ʻole nā hua. Ma kahi hapakolu o nā lālā nui he pōkole e pili ana i ka m 1 m. I ke kauwela, he nui nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e hele mai ana ma kahi o nā ʻāpana.
ʻO ka mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike, ʻo ka cherry e hāʻawi i nā hua i ʻokoʻa loa i ka ulu ʻōpio o ka makahiki i hala. ʻO kēia ʻehā a i ʻole kahi nui o nā lau nui i kihi me nā hua pua. A inā ʻoe e ʻoki iā lākou a pau, ʻaʻole loaʻa kahi hōʻiliʻili iā ʻoe. No laila, hana ʻia ka mea kanu mua i ka pūnāwai i mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ikaika o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i ke kauwela, e hāʻawi ana i ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
A i ka pūnāwai hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki i nā lālā hua i ka makahiki i hala aku nei - i kēia makahiki ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻiliʻili iā lākou. E ʻoki ʻia ko lākou mau hopena i loko o kekahi mau pua, i kahi hihia ʻole e pili ana i nā pana kuapo o ka makahiki i hala, e hoʻohua ana i kēia makahiki. A ma kahi o ka ʻokiʻoki, he mau ʻōpiopio ʻōpio e kū mai i nā hua no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Ua koʻikoʻi loa ʻo Cherry i ka pololei a ikaika loa. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kāna mau makahiki, a ma hope o kēlā No laila, ʻo ke kumu "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka nui" kūpono ma aneʻi.
Hoike Mai
He momona kūleʻa ka mea hana iʻa, kahi ia, he ʻano, ʻoiaʻiʻo. Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻāʻo o nā cherries iā lākou iho, a me kahi minus nui paha, IMHO, hiki i ka nui ke alo i nā sores a nui - coccomycosis a me ka moniliosis. Ua hoʻāʻo wau e kanu, akā ua hoʻomaka ka sapling (me ACS) a, ua loaʻa i ka wā o ke kauwela, ua make. Ua hoʻololi ʻia iā e Kharitonovskaya, ʻo ia ka tastier a kūʻē i nā ʻōmai holupa.
mooc
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Pono nā hua, akā liʻiliʻi mākou. ʻAi nā Blackbird i nā mea āpau. Pono e pani ʻia ka pā. Me ka mālama ʻana e like me ka lau cherry.
moana wai
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Loaʻa iaʻu kekahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka manawa mua ia e hua ai i nā hua. Akā kokoke iā ia, ʻaʻole e nānā ka mea koho. ʻO ka mea kokoke loa kahi ʻona ʻē aʻe o kahi hoalauna, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻohoka i ka huaʻai maʻamau. No laila, hoʻohua a kūleʻa paha i ʻole ka lua ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ma hope o ka Chocolate Girl pua ʻala i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Starche-05
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Ua ʻike maoli ka ʻaha o nā cherries i nā mea a pau mai ka wā kamaliʻi, a ua hiki ʻole nā māla o Lūkini i waho ʻole o kēia lāʻau. Ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole, ua like ke ʻano o Shokoladnitsa i kahi koho maikaʻi loa me ka maikaʻi kūʻē o ka hau a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka make, a me ka ʻono o ka ʻono o nā huaʻai ma waena o nā ʻano ʻeleʻele. Lone wale 'ole i kahi hui,' o kēia 'ano, he mea nui loa i ka pono o ka mea nona.
