Paʻa a ʻala i nā hua ʻōpala o nā hua ʻōpala i aloha ʻia e nā keiki a me nā pākeke. Akā e ulu ana i kēia ulu lāʻau, hālāwai pinepine nā māla me nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki, ma muli o kahi i hapa nui ka hua o ka hua, a ma kekahi mau mea, make ka lāʻau āpau. He aha ka mea e hoʻoweliweli mua ai i nā ʻōpala i kā mākou wahi a pehea e pale ai iā ia?
Maʻi maʻi Raspberry
Hoʻoma pinepine pinepine ʻia nā Raspberry i nā maʻi like ʻole. ʻO ke kumu no ko lākou helehelena paha:
- ʻūhā;
- nā pepeke
- nā pili a me kaʻu myopoplasmas i kokoke iā lākou.
ʻO nā maʻi paʻi
ʻO nā maʻi o ka huelo he mea maoli maikaʻi loa ia o nā mea kanu raspberry. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i loko o kāna mau ʻili ma ka stomata, ʻokiʻoki a me ka epidermis, a me nā hōʻeha a me nā hōʻeha. Ua huki nui nā pua spangal a hiki ke halihali i ka lōʻihi ma o ka makani, ka ua, nā iniseti, nā holoholona a me nā kānaka kekahi. Eia kekahi, he nui nā mea o lākou e hoʻomau i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāina, nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu a me nā mea hana.
Ma mua o ka hānai i nā ʻōpala, pono ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi mea lāʻau i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā maʻi
Anthracnose
ʻO Anthracnose kekahi o nā maʻi raspberry maʻamau. ʻO kona kumu kumuila ʻo ia ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Gloeosporium venetum Speg, e pili ana i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka mea kanu.
ʻO nā lau ka mea mua e loaʻa i ka anthracnose. Nā kihi ʻōpala me ke kikowaena hina a me nā poni paleʻulaʻula e hele mai ana ma ko lākou mau pakano. Me ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka maʻi, hoʻohui nā wahi i nā lau, nā lau a maloʻo.
Hoʻopuka maoli ʻo Anthracnose i kahi wikiwiki me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe
Hōʻike pū ʻia nā ʻāpana hina me ka palena ʻulaʻula ma nā wana ʻōpala. Huli ka ʻili o ko lākou ʻano, ke ʻāpiu a lilo i ʻōpū; Hoʻopili i nā lāʻau Anthracnose i nā lau o nā hua, kahi e maloʻo ai. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hua o nā lāʻau i hoʻopuni ʻia, brown, a me ka mummified. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lehulehu he mau conidia (spores spores) o ka peʻe i kau i nā wahi a me nā uluna.
ʻO Conidia a me mycelium o ka huaʻai e hoʻokūkū ana i ka anthracnose e ʻae maikaʻi i nā wela haʻahaʻa. Kau lākou i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi i pili i ka mea kanu a hoʻomaka i ka sporulation ikaika ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela.
Didimella, a i ʻole ʻohi Purple
ʻO ka mea kumu kumu a ka poni ʻulaʻula ʻole ʻo ka Didymella arrlanata mushroom. E komo ia i nā mea olakino olakino ma o ka pōʻino o ka ʻili, hiki ke loaʻa ʻelua ma muli o ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka wā (ka wai nui loa, nā loli koke i ka pā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo), a ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā pōʻino o nā pepeke.
Hōʻike nā hōʻailona mua o ka didimella i ke kauwela kauwela. I nā pua ʻōpio, puka i nā wahi ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kuli o nā petioles. Lohi lākou, piʻi lākou i luna, a hoʻohui pū i loko o nā ʻāpana a 30 cm lōʻihi, e hoʻokani ana i ka ʻōpū. Hoʻololi ka kala o nā ʻāpana i kahi ʻulaʻula-ʻula. Ma ke kikowaena, lawe ʻole ʻia a uhi ʻia i nā pūuliʻeleʻele - nā pycnids fungal i huna i nā spora.
Maʻalahi ʻo Didimella e ʻike e nā wahi ʻulaʻula ma nā kumu lāʻau raspberry
ʻO nā lau, ʻokiʻoki a me nā lālā hua o nā lāʻau ʻōpala i loaʻa i ka didimella i uhi ʻia me nā ʻōpū necrotic. Hoʻopau hou ʻia ka huaʻū. ^ E Ha yM. Pau nā keiki.
ʻAʻole keʻae i ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino. I ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo wela, ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻupena i kona ulu ʻana, e make ana i nā kumu lāʻau.
I ka pūnāwai o ka lua o ka makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau raspberry i hoʻopilikia ʻia, ua ʻoki pau ʻole ka lāʻau. Loaʻa nā lau i ka chlorine i ka waihoʻoluʻu a hōʻemi nui ʻia i ka nui, a hoʻomau ʻia nā ʻōpala. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka poni ʻulaʻula-brown me nā wahi nui o ka hina hina i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula, nui nā ulana pākahi. A ma luna ua hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike me ka maka ʻalo ʻole i nā ʻūhā uliuli o nā ʻōpū e pili ana i nā pūpū o ka hāpū.
Hoʻonui ʻia ka wikiwiki pālahalaha palahalaha e:
- mahana a hoʻomohu;
- kua laulā o nā mea kanu lāʻau;
- ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka lepo;
- nā kula kaumaha me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka wai hohonu.
Makahuila (will)
ʻO ka ʻōpū, e hoʻomoʻi i ka willy verticillus, hibernates i ka papa o ka ʻāina a hiki i 30 cm hohonu i ke ʻano o mycelium a chlamydospores a komo i ka mea kanu ma waena o nā aʻa. A laila e pālahalaha ma o ka vascular system a puni ka lāʻau.
ʻOiai ke kūpono o ka maʻi maʻi e kū mai i ka wā ma mua o ke kau, ua ʻike wale ʻia kona mau hōʻailona ma hope o ke hoʻokumu ʻana i ke anuanu a me ka maloʻo. ʻO nā lau o ka mea maʻi maʻi huli koke i ka melemele a maloʻo. Haʻa ka lalo haʻahaʻa o lākou, a koe mau i luna ma ka lāʻau. Ke hoʻohuli nei ka pana i nā uliuli polū a i ʻole ka poni a kū i ka ulu ʻana. ^ E Ha yM. Paʻu nā poʻo o lākou a make i lalo. Hiki i nā ʻōpala i hoʻopau ʻia ke ola a hiki i ka makahiki hou a lawe mai i kahi hua liʻiliʻi o nā hua maloʻo liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua pua i mālama ʻia i ka wilting verticillus i ka lepo no 14 mau makahiki
Noho paʻa ka ʻōnaehana o nā mea kanu i hiki i kekahi manawa, akā ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o nā pua hou. I ka hapa nui, ua make nā lāʻau me nā wilting verticillar i waena o hoʻokahi mau manawa ʻelua.
ʻŌpala
Lele ka lāʻau Raspberry i ka liʻiliʻi a hōʻino iki i ka lāʻau. Hoʻokumu ʻia e ka huaʻōlelo Phragmidium rubi-idaei (Pers), nona ka spora hibernate i nā lau hāʻule. I ka manawa e wela ai ka wela, ulu lākou a hāʻawi i ka maʻi maʻamau o nā lāʻau raspberry.
ʻO 2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā pad spore kala kukui ma lalo o nā lau raspberry. I ka ua maloʻo, he mau mau hanauna o ka huawai i hoʻomake ai kēia maʻi i ka wā o ke kauwela. I ka wā maloʻo, ua hoʻomaha kona hoʻolālā.
Me ka maʻi ikaika o ka laʻana raspberry me nā wī, nā pale spore kaona i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o ka lau
Aia kekahi ʻano kumu o ka ʻōpala. ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona nui ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻeha ʻokoʻa i nā wana, hoʻoili mālie, hana i nā paikewa hohonu ka lōʻihi.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā ʻōpala i nā lau a make i nā lau ma mua o ka lā e hiki ai ka lā. E pili ana i ka helu o nā hua waina. ʻO ka loaʻaʻana o nā lāʻau raspberry maʻi i ho'ēmi ʻia ma kahi o 30%.
Septoria, a i ʻole ma kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Septoria rubi Sacc, kahi e hōʻike ai i ka nānā ʻana i ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, maʻamau i loko o nā wahi a pau o ka ulu lāʻau raspberry. Hoʻoulu nui loa ia me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, i hui pū ʻia me nā mahana wela. Nā pua o ka ʻalohi ma luna o nā lau maʻi i nā maʻi a me nā mea pana.
Hoʻopau ka lau raspberry a me nā hua i ka septoria. Hōʻike pinepine nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi ma ka waena o Mei, a hiki i ka hiki ʻana i kona hoʻomohala nui ʻana i ka manawa e hua ai nā hua.
I nā lau o nā mea kanu ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia nā wahi he nui i hoʻopuni ʻia a puni ka ʻaoʻao ma kahi aniani. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu kika i ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou ʻōpū, i nā hiʻohiʻona nā ʻeleʻele. Hoʻololi, hele a hōʻuluʻulu nā ʻōpū, ua pau i ka ʻāpana me ka lau o ka lau.
Hoʻomaʻomaʻo nā hōʻailona o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i nā lau.
Aia ma nā pua, nā wahi māla kūpono e pili kokoke i nā keiki a me ka pinepine, i loko o nā internodes. Uhi ʻia ka ʻili o nā lāʻau i hoʻopuni ʻia me ka nui o nā palupalu liʻiliʻi, a ua pāloʻi kona wahi kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻokomo nā lāʻau Raspberry i nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e ʻae i ka hoʻoilo maikaʻi. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka ikaika nui o ka maʻi, make ka nui o kā lākou mau keiki. A hiki i kahi septoria ke hoʻoulu i ka emiʻana o ka hana a me ka hāʻule o ka lau o mua.
He kanesa maʻiʻa lolo
I waena o nā maʻi bacterial o ka raspberry, ʻo ka maʻi maʻamau ke kumu o ka maʻi o ka maʻi kumu o ka pīpī Pseudomonas tu-mefaciens (Smith et Towns.) Stev. Hoʻomo ʻia ka maʻi i ke aʻa kumu o ka mea kanu ma o ka pōʻino o ka mea i hana ʻia ma ka kanu ʻana, hoʻohemo ʻana i nā lālani ma waena o nā lālani a ma muli o ka hopena o nā pōpoki.
I kēia maʻi āpau, hoʻokumu ʻia nā ulu tuberous ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o nā mea kanu a i kekahi manawa ma kāna mau pihi, nā nāhelehe kūpono ʻole maʻi, ma loko kahi i loaʻa ai nā huakini. Keliʻi nā hua a pua i hoʻopōmaʻomaʻo ʻia a hāʻawi i kahi liʻiliʻi iki. Ma lalo o nā kūlana pōʻino, hiki paha iā ia ke make, akā ʻo ka maʻamau ka palena o ka mea hoʻopulapula i ka mea ulu lāʻau. Ma hope o 2-3 mau makahiki, luku ʻia nā pathogens o ke aʻa e nā microorganisms lepo a heʻe hou ka mea kanu. ^ E Ha yM. Akā i ka wā e hiki mai ana kēia maʻi.
Ua hoʻopau nui ʻia ka luku ʻana i nā pathogens cancer cancer me ka hopena o ka ʻāina acidic (pH ma lalo o 5).
ʻOiai ke kumu o ka pili o ke aʻa ma ke kumu o ka mea kanu ma lalo o ka mea kanu, ua maʻi wale ka lāʻau āpau
Hoʻonui ka lepo a me nā kūlana pōpilikia i ka hopena maikaʻiʻole o ka maʻi maʻi bacterial ma ka mea kanu. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o kēia maʻi e kōkua i ka kanu lōʻihi ʻana o nā pua ma kahi hoʻokahi.
Nā maʻi maʻi a me mycoplasma
ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi loa no nā raspberry nā maʻi i hoʻoili ʻia e nā maʻi a me mycoplasmas kokoke iā lākou. E pili ana kēia:
- Na pua wōwili Bushy. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka maʻi ma o ka pollen o nā mea maʻi maʻi, ka lawe ʻia ʻia ma nā wahi lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lāʻau ʻōpala huipōpī i nā lau melemele. Hoʻohou maʻamau ka hoʻololi o ka kala ma waena o nā veins, akā i kekahi manawa ke hiki ke nānā i ke ʻano o nā apo a me nā laina a i ʻole ke hōʻino paha i ka holoʻokoʻa o ka lau o ka lau. Ke hoʻopau nei kēia mau hōʻailona i ka hapa lua o ke kauwela, ma hope o ka mea maʻi e hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia a ma hope wale iho o nā huaʻai: ʻike pinepine lākou i ka nui o ka nui a pālahalaha wale ʻia i loko o nā kalalona pilikino. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua o nā raspberry i huehue ʻia me ka maʻi polarf dwarf.
Kohi i nā pua raspberry, maʻi bushy dwarfism, hōʻemi ʻia e 2 manawa
- ʻĀlana. Ma nā lāʻau i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kēia maʻi, ua kūloʻo ka iho i lalo o ka lau, a loaʻa pū nō hoʻi i kahi keʻe ʻīpī paʻakikī a me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hoʻololi ana i ke keleawe keleawe ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻāʻī. Loaʻa i nā hua hua ʻai i kahi kikoʻī, a maloʻo nā huaʻala ma luna o lākou. ^ E Ha yM. Ke emi nei ka ulu o nā lāʻau i pā. Ua make pinepine nā poʻo o lākou.
Hoʻokūkū ʻo Curl i kahi maʻi i hoʻouna ʻia e nā aphids a me nematode
- Kaikole. ʻO nā mākaʻi kumu paha he mau maʻi e hoʻoiho ʻia e ka waiū ʻana i nā mea hihiu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia maʻi ka maʻa mosaic o nā lau, kahi ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho maʻamau, ʻaina ʻulaʻula a me nā melemele o nā ʻano like ʻole. I ka wā wela, holoʻole nā hōʻailona, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā anuanu e hoʻi mai lākou. ʻO nā pua o nā lāʻau i pāpā ʻia e lilo i mauwaha, lilo ka hua liʻiliʻi i liʻiliʻi a ʻono ʻole. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, lilo ka mea kanu a make.
Nā ʻōmole o ka mosaic viral e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka wā wela, akā hoʻi me ka hoʻoluʻu
- ʻO ka maʻi maʻi pāpaʻi, ai ʻole jaundice. Hōʻike ʻia ia i ka waiho ʻia ʻana o nā papa lau, mua ma waena o nā veins, a laila ma luna o ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa. Akā ʻo nā lau paha e ʻāʻī a mauʻu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kumu ʻehā o nā mea maʻi a ʻokiʻoki, a me nā hua i loaʻa i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, lilo i liʻiliʻi a maloʻo.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, a i ʻole ka raspberry jaundice, e like me nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe o kēia moʻomeheu, ua pālahalaha ʻia e nā aphids
- Ke ulu Mycoplasma, aiʻole ka palu ʻaihue. ʻO ka maʻi Mycoplasmal, i hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻike o nā ʻōpala āpau a pōkole loa i kahi ulu lāʻau. He kala a klorine a me ka pua deformed, kahi e ulu ʻole ai nā hua. Ma kahi kanu i loaʻa i ka ulu mycoplasma hiki ke noho kūpono no ka 10 mau makahiki, i kēia manawa ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻeha. ^ E Ha yM. I kekahi manawa aia ke kala manawa pōkole me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka hua, akā ma muli o ka hopena ke ola nei ka maʻi a make ka mea kanu.
Ke ulu Mycoplasma - kahi maʻi raspberry make
Vitio: nā lāʻau ʻōpala raspberry i paʻi ʻia e ka mosaic viral
Hoʻopiʻi ʻo Polpula
ʻO ka pōʻino nui o nā lāʻau raspberry i manaʻo ʻia e nā pōpoki. ʻO kekahi o nā mea weliweli loa iā lākou ʻo ia ka mea pili o ka moliki. He mea ʻuʻulu liʻiliʻi kēia pepeke. Hoʻokomo kāna mau wahine i ka pūnāwai i ko lākou hua i ka pōʻino a i ʻole nā kalapona kūlohelohe i nā pua raspberry makahiki. Pākuʻi ka palaka ʻona mai iā lākou, ka mea, i ka wā e hānai ana, e huna i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pheromones, e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ulu i luna o ka ʻōpala o nā raspberry.
E hiki i nā lā he 3-4 mau keiki o ke kūpaʻa huakaʻi i ka manawa hoʻokahi
Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpala i ka waena o ke auwī, e wāwahi, hoʻokiʻoki, a maloʻo hoʻi. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae i ka hau a hoʻomanawanui i ka maloʻo ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka nui a me ka maikaʻi o ka wā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i nā lāʻau e ʻeha nei i nā alaiki a ka nui ʻana i hōʻemi ʻia.
Nā wikiō: nā papani raspberry piʻo
Hoʻopilikia ka hua lāʻau Raspberry a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I waena o lākou:
- Weuliy raspberry-strawberry. ʻIke ʻia me kahi pōpoki hina-hina. I ke wā ulu mua, ʻai ʻo ia i nā lau a me nā ʻāpana o nā pua. ʻAi nā ʻeleʻele wahine i nā lua i loko o nā pua a waiho aku hoʻi i ka hua, ma hope o kā lākou ʻalā i ka peduncle. ʻO ka hopena, hāʻule ka pua a me ka maloo paha o ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, e hānai ana nā huaʻai mai nā hua, ma mua o ka hānai ʻana i ka pua i loko o loko o ka pua no 25 mau lā. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hū nā raspele-strawberry i nā lau ma lalo o nā lau i hāʻule ai, nā pala o ka lepo a i loko o nā poho paha.
No ka hoʻoilo, ua hūleʻa i ka weevil wehu-raspberry ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule i ʻole nāʻu paha o ka lepo
- Puʻi a pana aku i nā aphids. Nā mea iniketi mākeke. ʻAʻole ʻia ka nui o lākou ka lōʻihi ma mua o 2 mm. E hānai ana lākou i ka ʻele a me ka hopena, ma muli o ke ʻano o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā ʻano lāʻau i like me ka palalā. Eia kekahi, hana pinepine nā aphids i mea lawe i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā hua ʻeleʻele o kēia mau inikeni ke hoʻoilo i nā wana makahiki.
Hōʻike pinepine nā koloni Aphid i nā mau kumu a me nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka lau o ka raspberry ma mua o ka pua ʻana
- Kahi lāʻau ʻōpiopio. Kēia mau mea hihiu lā ma nā hua lāʻau ʻōpala i ka wā kauwela. ʻAi ka ʻōpio i ka ʻiʻo o nā lau ʻōpio, nā ʻōpala a me nā mea kanu manu. Hoʻokū ʻo nā keiki i nā huaʻai ma ka ʻai ʻana i ke kālā a me ka hana ʻana i nā pauku i nā ʻōpala. Hoʻopau ka hua momona i ke kaumaha a hiki i ka 50%, hoʻololi pinepine a lilo i kūpono ʻole no ka ʻai. ʻO nā Beetles a me kā lākou huikiʻau kai i loko o ka lepo e pili ana i nā pua raspberry ma kahi hohonu o 10 cm.
Hoʻopilikia i nā kiniki pulpberry huelo i nā hua waina, e pono ai lākou e pono ke hoʻopau
- ʻŌpōpō ʻōpala. Kūkulu kikohoʻo kamaʻilio e noho ana ma lalo o nā lau a hānai i nā ʻāpana sela. ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o kona helehelena ka melemele o nā ʻula lau a me kā lākou loaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻopiʻi ka huaʻōlelo o Raspberry i lalo i lalo o ka lehu.
Hoʻokomo ʻo ka Raspberry mite i ka wai paila
- ʻItelelo ka Spider mite. ʻO kekahi pēpē ʻōpala huapalapala. Noho iki hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau i lau ai i ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻona. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka pūnaewele, me ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopiʻi i nā ʻāpana a pau o ka mea kanu. Eia kekahi, ma ka palu o nā lāʻau i ʻoki ʻia i nā wahi i hoʻopau ʻia i ka lau o ka lau e nānā, e hūnā i ka lilo i ka waiho ʻana o ka pā āpau, ka hoʻomaloʻo a me ka pala. Koi ikaika ka spider mite i nā lā maloʻo a wela hoʻi.
Koi ikaika ka spider mite i nā lā maloʻo a wela hoʻi.
Pest a me ka hoʻomake
Inā maʻi a lāʻau ʻino nā ʻōpala, pono pono e hana i nā mea e pale aku ai iā lākou i ka hiki.
Pehea e lanakila ai nā maʻi maʻi
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ulu o nā raspberry he maʻalahi ke mālama ʻia. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia ka wai o Bordeaux e mālama i nā lāʻau i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO kahi pāhana ia i ka vitriol uliuli a slime lime.Hoʻokumu ka ka hana o ka hana o ka maʻi Bordeaux ma luna o ka hopena luku o nā kīmika keleawe hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i nā hua spungal. Hōʻalo i ka lime kāwili holoi a holoi i nā hiʻohiʻona me nā mea kanu i ka mea kanu.
Hoʻohālikelike no ka hoʻomākaukauʻana o ka wai o Bordeaux i loko o kahi hale kūʻai kūikawā
Ka Hana ʻana iā Bordeaux
Mākaukau koke ʻia ka wai o Bordeaux ma mua o ka hoʻohana. No kēia kaʻina hana i kahi mau kiʻina nui:
- 100 g o ka keleawe keleawe (no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o 1% Bordeaux wai) i hui ʻia me ka nui o ka wai mahana.
- Ma kahi pahu i hoʻokaʻawale, 150-200 g ka lime e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai wela i ka ulu ʻana o kaʻaila waiola (ʻo ka mea maʻamau kēia e pili ana i 1 lita o ka wai).
- Ua lawe ʻia kēlā me kēia hopena o ka hopena i ka nui o 5 l ma ke hoʻohui ʻana i ka wai anuanu.
- ʻO kahi hopena o ka lime (ka waiū o ka lime) ke kānana ma o ke cheesecloth.
- Me ka lohi, hoʻoulu hou, ninini i loko o ka waiu lime i kahi hopena o ka keleawe keleawe.
I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka wai o Bordeaux, mai hoʻohana i nā mea keleawe a hoʻonele i ke kaʻina hana, no ka laʻana, e ninini i ka waiū lime i kahi hopena o ka keleawe keleawe. Inā pono e hoʻomākaukau i ka fungicide me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā mea kanu. No laila, no kahi wai o 3% Bordeaux, pono ʻoe iā 300 g o ka keleawe keleawe a me 500-600 g o ka lime.
Pono ka hopena me ka wai uliuli me kahi hopena kūmole a i ʻole kūlike o ka hopena.. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā iā ia ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi hōʻike litmus i loko o ka hōʻulu, me nā mea maʻamau i loko o ka waihona no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā Bordeaux wai. Me ka hoʻomākaukau kūpono, pono e huli ke kala. Inā ua lilo ka hoʻāʻo a ka litmus i ʻulaʻula, a laila e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka wai me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka waiu o ka lime.
Vitio: nā mea ulu o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka wai o Bordeaux
Hoʻopake i ka hana hoʻomāhā o nā lāʻau
He hana kauoha i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoi i ka hua pua o nā raspberry i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka puna wai ma ka hiamoe hiamoe a me ka ʻohi ʻana, ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau, mālama ʻia me ka wai o 3% Bordeaux. Hiki ke hoʻololi i kēia ʻano manuahi i nā māla haʻawina ʻē aʻe i kūʻai ʻia ma ka palapala i hoʻopau ʻia ai.
- HOM (ka pāpaʻi keleawe keleawe keleawe);
- ʻO Cuproxate (keleahi keleawe);
- ʻO Cuprozan (keleahi keleawe a me nā cineb).
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka nui o nā māla i ka hopena līlū o ka ulu lāʻau me nā fungicides. Hoʻoholo ʻia ia ma hope koke o ka hāʻule o nā lau.
Ma nā kumulāʻau lāʻau raspberry, nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohui i nā mea fungicidal, insecticidal a me nā mea kanu herbicidal e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e pale aku i nā maʻi maʻi.. ^ E Ha yM. E pili ana kēia:
- Hoʻopuka Nitrafen (2.2-3% hopena);
- DNOC (1% hoʻonā).
I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kēia mau lāʻau, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ko lākou pōʻino i nā kānaka, me ka pūpū maikaʻi a me nā microorganisms. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lāʻau me nā lau pua, a hiki ke mālama ʻia ke mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu me DNOC ma waho o nā pā hale a ʻaʻole ma mua o hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki.
Inā pono, hoʻomau ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā hua pua me nā fungicides i ka wā ulu, a hiki i ka puka ʻana o nā ovaries. No kēia mea, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like nei:
- ʻO ka 1% hoʻoponopono o ka wai o Bordeaux a i ʻole ka hoʻomākaukau i nā mea keleawe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa;
- 0,5% ka hopena o phthalan;
- ʻO ka hoʻonāʻana he 0.5% o Kaptan;
- ʻO ka hopena o 0.7% a Tsineb.
ʻAʻole kūpono ʻia e hoʻokō ma mua o 3 mau lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia kau.
Vitio: pehea e hana ai me ka lēʻalili raspberry spotting
He aha e hana inā he mau maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi viral
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lāʻau Raspberry i nā maʻi kanaleka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ma muli o kāna haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole ia e koi i nā lāʻau kūikawā me nā mea kanu. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻonui nui i ka helu o ka luku ʻana i nā mālamalama kumu o kēia maʻi e nā microorganism lepo i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka superphosphate a i ʻole ʻohi ʻana o ka ammonium sulfate me ka paʻakai pāhala me ka paʻakai. Kōkua lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo o nā pōʻino kino a me nā fertilizers organik.
Nā maʻi maʻi Raspberry i nā maʻi kūpono. ^ E Ha yM. Ke ala wale nō e kū ai me lākou ʻo ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lāʻau āpau i hoʻopuni ʻia me ka puhi ʻana ma hope. ʻAʻole tūtū ʻo nā māla loea i ka kanu ʻana i nā hua lāʻau ma nā wahi i loaʻa i nā mea kanu i loaʻa i nā makahiki he nui.
Meo no ka luku ʻia o nā pōpōpō ʻōpala
No ke pale aku i nā pōpilikia, hoʻohana nā raspberry i nā iniseti (pepehi i nā mea make) a me ka acaricides (pepehi i nā ʻili). Ke kaʻohi ʻana i nā hua raspberry me lākou, he mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo i nā hana palekana. E hana pono nā hana āpau me nā kūmole pale me ka pale pale pale o ka 5-6 pālolo o ka gauze.
E hoʻolele wale ʻia nā rasppani i nā lā maloʻo a ka mālie.
Papa pākaukau: ʻO nā huahana Polpberry Pest Control
| Kāpe | ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi | ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻoili |
| Stem gall midge |
|
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| ʻO Strawberry Raspberry Weevil |
| ma mua a ma hope o ka pua ʻana i nā pua |
| Kahi lāʻau ʻōpiopio |
| mamuli o na kauoha |
| Puʻi a pana aku i nā aphids |
| i ke kau ʻana |
| ʻŌpōpō ʻōpala |
| huki ʻia me kahi ʻoi aku o ka hopena o ke kākā colloidal ma mua o ka pua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana |
| ʻItelelo ka Spider mite |
| mamuli o na kauoha |
Nā hana kūpono
I ka hakakā ʻana me nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia o nā raspberry, nui ka pale ʻana o ko lākou helehelena. ʻO ka hana nui ma kēia mea e mālama ʻia e ke koho ʻana o nā hua ola maikaʻi e kūpaʻa ana i ka maʻi maʻamau a ʻaʻole e loaʻa i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā pepeke. Eia kekahi, hōʻike nā hanana like i hopena maikaʻi.
- ka manawa kūpono i ka wailele pākani a pākia a i ʻole ke pā ʻia e nā maʻi a me nā mea kanu ʻoi;
- kanu lāʻau;
- ua lau ana i na lau haule;
- ʻElepili eli ʻana o ka ʻōpala;
- nā kanu kanu me ka manure i ka wā mua;
- ka hoʻōho maʻamau a me nā ʻaihue ʻahuʻula raspberry.
Lāʻau: ʻAno lāʻau Raspberry i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki
| ʻAne inoa | ʻO ka maʻi a me ka pale kūʻē ʻana | Ke wā lōʻihi nei | Kumuhana | ʻO ka paona Berry | ʻO ka momona o ka huaʻaila (hoʻāʻo ʻia ka ʻike) | Wāhi ʻāina | ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole |
| ʻApelotikika | Hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻi a me nā pōpoki | Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻōʻō | 117 c / ha | e pili ana i ka 3 g | ʻO ka momona a me ka momona, me kahi momona maʻalahi (4.5 mau hōʻailona) | Kikiki |
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| Polohila | Ke kū nei i nā maʻi āpau a me nā pōpoki | Ma ke kakahiaka | 35 c / ha | 2.6-5.6 g | Hauoli |
|
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| Kenapa ʻōmaka | Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia e nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki | Ma ke kakahiaka | 30 c / ha | 1.7 a 3.1 g | Manaʻo (3.4 mau helu) | Hikina |
|
| Kaʻāina ʻo Bryansk | Ke kū nei i nā maʻi āpau | Hoʻomaka | 3-3.5 kg i kēlā me kēia lāʻau | 3-3.5 g | ʻOi aku ka momona a me ka momona, me kahi poha haʻi (4.1 wahi) | Kikiki |
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| Meteor | Ke kū nei i nā maʻi maʻi maʻamau | Hoʻomaka | 50-70 kg / ha | 2.3-3.0 g | ʻĀkau |
|
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| ʻO ke kahaha nui | Ke kū nei i nā maʻi maʻi he nui. | Hoʻomaka | 60 kg / ha | 2.6-3.4 g | ʻAno, nani a meʻōkohu |
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| Pale | Kū'ē i nā maʻi āpau a me nā pōpoki, me ka pau ʻole o ka wilting verticillium | Mai ka hopena o Iulai a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake | Ka awelika 10-12 t / ha, me ka mahiʻai ikaika - a i ka 20 t / ha | 3.2-3.6 g, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 6 g | Maikaʻi, ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻono, me kahi momona i haʻi ʻia | - |
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| ʻĀpana | He mea kūʻokoʻa loa ia i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki. | Hoʻomaka | 41 kg / ha | 1,8 g | Paha (4.1 mau poina) | Siberian komohana |
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Kiʻi kiʻi: ʻO nā hua lāʻau Raspberry i pale i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki
- Apricot - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hua ʻōpala melemele
- Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, hiki i ka Kunehane ke hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka remontnost a lawe mai i kahi hōʻoki liʻiliʻi ma nā kihi o nā wana
- Meteor Berries Pākuʻi manuahi
- ʻO ka ʻokoʻa Regiment kaulana i waena o ka poʻe mahiʻai, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hana a nā mea hoʻouluulu Polani
- ʻO Corner kahi ʻano raspberry koʻikoʻi
Ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi a me nā ʻinoʻino o nā pōʻino pepeke ma nā lāʻau raspberry, mai hopohopo. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e hiki ke luku ʻia ma nā ala kūikawā. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pale ʻana i kā lākou hanana. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua lawa ia e hahai i nā lula o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka mahiʻai a koho i nā ʻano i kū kūʻē i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki maʻamau i ka ʻāina.
