I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka ʻia ka ʻepekema ʻoihana like me kēia lā. ʻO ka ʻikea o kēia ka raspberry o ke koho Siberian koho Vera, i kū ʻia ma nā makahiki he 80 o ke kenekulia hope. ʻO kēia kahi'ōmole mua a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pae, akā aia kekahi o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona e maʻalahi hoʻi. I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka hua a raspberry Vera, pono ʻoe e ʻike iā ia.
Ke ulu nei i ka mōʻaukala
Loaʻa ka Raspberry Vera (hana hana hybrid form 2-541) ma ka ʻAmelika Altai ma ka Siberian Research Institute of Horticulture i kapa ʻia ma hope iho M.A. Lisavenko e ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano ʻike like: (Kaliningrad x Kuzmin News) x Barnaul. ʻO ka like me ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka makahiki 1985, ua helu ʻia i loko o ka papa inoa o nā mea i hoʻohua ʻia o ka Russian Federation ma 1989, i kāhea ʻia ma ka Central Black Earth Region, Volga-Vyatka a me West Siberian mau ʻāina. Ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pālahalaha nui ʻo Vera, a i kāna "wahi maoli" ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o raspberry Vera
He ʻano ʻōpala mua. Hoʻopau nā Raspberries i ka lua o ka makahiki o Iune, ua hoʻomaka ka hua ʻōpio i ka mahina ma hope o ka mahina ma hope o ka pua ʻana, i ka waena o Iulai.
Loaʻa ka lāʻau i ka mana o ka ulu waena, semi-hoʻomalaha. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe loa o nā wana he 1.8 m. Hoʻomaʻo ʻia nā kumu me kahi kihi ʻihi, paluwale, kūlō a maʻalahi i ka lepo me ka ʻole o ka haki. Nui nā uhi i nā lau me nā ʻōpio lahilahi a me nā pā o ka lahilahi o ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke hiki i ka pana pua hiki ke kūpono.
ʻO nā lāʻau Raspberry Vera o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, semi-hoʻopuni me ka erect, i uhi ʻia me nā lau lāʻau
ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi he liʻiliʻi a me nā mea nui - ma ke kaupaona ʻana o 1.8-2.7 mau poni. He lapuwale ko lākou ʻano. ʻO ka palaka o ka drupes he palupalu, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka halaʻole o ka kūʻiʻo o nā hua i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka halihali. ʻIlihune ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka huahana.
ʻO nā hua o ka raspberry Vera i nā tauira nui - 1.8-2.7 mau grika, ʻekaʻeleʻele, poni
ʻOno maikaʻi ka momona a me ka momona, ʻoi aku, me nā leo ʻono ʻole, i loaʻa iā ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka minuke he 3 mau poʻomanaʻo. ʻO ke kumu o nā huahana ka ʻenehana.
He kiʻekiʻe ka huahana (89-129 kg / ha) a paʻa; hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huawa mai kahi lāʻau hoʻokahi me ka mālama pono. ʻO ka ʻāpono o nā hua ono e hiki ai ke hōʻiliʻili ma kahi o 70% o ka hua i ka hōʻiliʻili mua.
Ua kiʻekiʻe ka hua o ka raspberry Vera, a hiki i ʻelua kilokileka no kēlā me kēia kumu lāʻau, a hui pū nā hua ʻona
He haʻahaʻa ke kūleʻa o Frost, ʻoki manu i ka pono a pono ka malu. ʻO ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻole ke ahonui.
ʻAʻole mau kaʻiʻo i ka nānā ʻulaʻula. No ka mea e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i ka wehewehe. ʻO ka pale aku e pana i ka waena midge he mea nui loa ia o ka mea like, no ka mea, hiki i kēia pōpilikia ke hōʻeha nui i nā raspberry.
Nā pono a me nā hemahema o nā ʻano ʻāpana
He nui nā pono o Raspberry Vera, e like me:
- ʻōpala mua;
- mea momona kiʻekiʻe;
- ʻaʻole e pau nā hua i nā lāʻau;
- nā palaka mauʻu a me nā kuaʻi (ʻaʻole e hoʻopili i ka hōʻiliʻili);
- nā wīwī e hoʻololi ʻia e maʻalahi i ke komo i ka wahi no ka hoʻoilo;
- pale aku i ka hōʻino ʻia e ka pana gall midge.
Loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole nā mea like ʻole, eia kahi papa o lākou:
- keʻa kūleʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, koi pono nā kiki i ka wahi no ka hoʻoilo;
- ka hiki ʻole i ka make;
- lawa lawa ʻokoʻa o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hua no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana;
- palupalu ikaika loa;
- ʻoihana hele ʻilihuna;
- ka hiki ke poni ʻula.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi nui loa o Vera raspberry he huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka wā e hoʻomaka ai, akā, ʻo kona mau hemahema nui, e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā huahana a i ʻole ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana, hana iā Vera unattractive no nā māla. ʻAʻole paha lākou e ʻike i ke kumu e hoʻokū me kāna mau hemahema no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pono iā ʻoe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kanu a me ka ulu
ʻAʻole pono ʻo Raspberry Vera i kekahi ʻenehana loea kūikawā a ulu i ke ala like me ka hapa nui o nā ʻano lāʻau me nā hua lāʻau o ka wā koho. Nui nā hiʻohiʻona i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia ʻano, akā pono ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana iā lākou.
Kūʻai
Ke kanu nei i nā ʻano Vera, hoʻokō lākou i nā koi maʻamau, e like me nā lāʻauʻala ʻē aʻe. Koho i kahi māka maluhia. Mahele maikaʻi ka lepo maikaʻi a i ʻole ka mālamalama māmā me kahi hoʻolālā ea-wai. ʻAʻole ulu nā rasppiki i nā lepo a me nā momona.
Koho ʻia ke ʻano kanu hana no Vera ma muli o ka māhele o ka ʻōpala. Inā hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea kanu hoʻokahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke noi i kahi hoʻolālā lae, e kau ana i nā mea kanu i kahi mamao o 1-1,5 mau mika. I kahi ʻāina nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻolālā pā (60-70x1.5 m).
Ma nā wahi nui, kanu nā raspberry Vera i nā lālani e like me ka hoʻolālā 60-70x1.5 m
Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā lāʻau Raspberry i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū. Pono ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu i ka liʻiliʻi o 40x40x40 cm, ua kālepa ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ka humus a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu me nā pāmeka potassium-phosphorus. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lepo i ka ʻāina ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
Mālama
ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana i nā pihi prolific, ka lawe ʻana i nā wana a me ka hale o nā lāʻau i lawe ʻia e like me nā mea maʻamau no nā raspberry, a e hua ana i nā hua o ke a ʻelua. ʻOiai ʻo Vera ka paʻa ʻole ʻana o ka pōpoki a manuahi, pono e uku ʻia ka nānā kūikawā i kona wahi no ka hoʻoilo. Nui nā kānāwai pono e pono ai e hahai i ka wā e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā raspberry no ka hoʻoilo:
- Mālama aku nā lāʻau i mua o mua, ʻoi loa ma mua o ka hopena o Kepakemapa. Inā ʻoe e hana i kēia ma mua o ka hau, hiki i nā wana ke haki.
- Ma mua o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā raspberry no ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lau a pau ma luna o lākou.
- Lawe i kahi ʻōpala (hiki iā ʻoe ke nakinaki iā lākou) a hoʻopaʻa i kahi pōhaku i kaupaona ʻia ma lalo o 1 kg a i ʻole kekahi mau ukana. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā wana e hiki ke pani ʻia iā lākou me nā mākeke i ka ʻāina a i ʻole i ke kaula ʻana i nā pihi o nā pihi a hiki i ke kumu o nā pua e pili ana me nā ʻōwili.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i nā ʻōpala i lalo o nā ʻōpala o nā ʻōpala: e hoʻopaʻa i nā kihi o nā kumu lāʻau i ke kumu o ka mea pili a i ʻole a hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā lākou me nā kaula ma ka ʻāina.
- Ke ulu nei i nā raspberry ma luna o ke kuapo, hiki iā ʻoe ke nakinaki iā ia ma ka ʻea lalo, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāpana kūwaho ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe o 25 cm.
- Inā ʻaʻole hina hau nā pua, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻōpio i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me agrofibre. No ka hana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana lāʻau a i ʻole paha.
I nā wahi me nā wīwī heʻe liʻiliʻi, ua uhi ʻia nā lāʻau me ka agrofiber e hoʻohana ana i nā kiʻi
ʻAʻole kūleʻa ʻo Raspberry Vera i ka maloʻo a pono ai i ka nui o ka umauma i ka wā ulu. He mea nui ia i ka wai i nā mea kanu i ka wā e hoʻopiha ana a me ka hoʻopiha hua ʻona. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka māhu ma ke kōpila (mai kahi piko), i nā pūima, a i ʻole ke kahe kaua. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe wai, hāʻawi ʻia ka wai ma lalo o nā aʻa, a maloʻo nā ʻala a me nā hua. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e mālama i ka wai o ka ʻāina e pono ai a i ka manawa like e pale aku i ka hana ʻoluʻolu i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā maʻi ʻoi. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, kauoha ʻia mua o ka hoʻoilo.
Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā raspberry me kahi papa tetele, hele pololei ka wai ma lalo o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu
No ka hoʻonui i ka huahana, hana pilikino ʻo Vera ma kahi o 2-3 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kau. E like me nā hua lāʻau ʻē aʻe, pono ʻo Vera i ka nitrogen ka nui (akā wale nō i ka hapa mua o ke kauwela). ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi loa e nānā ʻia mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wai manamana wai waiola i loko o ke ʻano o nā infusion manure infusion (1 liter i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma 20 lita o ka wai) a me nā kahu manu (1 lita no 10 lita o ka wai). Hana iā 3-5 l o kekahi o nā hopena i kēlā me kēia 1 m2. ^ E Ha yM. Ke waiho ʻole o nā kolamu organik, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka urea no ka lole pale. A i ka wā o ka hua ʻana, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka potash a me nā maniua fosfor.
Wikiō: raspberry ʻoka no ka hoʻoilo
Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha
ʻAʻole hōʻike ka ʻano like ʻokoʻa i kona kū ka maʻi i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki. No laila, ʻoi aku ka hopena e pili ana i ka hoʻokūkū aku i nā raspberry Vera i nā maʻi maʻamau a me nā pōpoki.
Kāhea aku i ka nānā ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōiwi ʻē aʻe
Hōʻike ka ʻano ʻokoʻa me ka pili o ka ʻulaʻula, no laila, he mea pono ke noʻonoʻo pono i kēia maʻi. ʻO ka maʻi ʻulaʻehā he maʻi ʻo ia i kumu ʻia e ka pathogen Didymella applanata Sacc. No laila ʻo ka inoa ka maʻi he inoa ʻelua - didimella. Hōʻike nā ʻōhumu o ka maʻi ma nā pua kuʻuna i nā wahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā lau ma ke ʻano o nā pua lilac-brown, kahi e ulu ai a kani a kani i ka ulu āpau. Hōʻike nā Necrosis ma nā lau, petioles a me nā hua huaʻai, ke alakaʻi i ka maloʻo o nā kino i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
Me ka maʻi o ka raspberry, nā poni ʻulaʻula (didimella), ʻike ʻia nā wahi lilac-brown i nā pua keu makahiki
Hoʻopili ʻia nā hana hoʻomalu agrotechnical i ka luku ʻana i ka lepo o nā mea kanu i hoʻopiha ʻia, ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā mea kanu, maikaʻi loa ka hoʻohui ʻana me ka make ʻole. ʻO nā mea kemika, ʻo ka pīpīʻai me ka wai o 1% Bordeaux i ka wā mua i ka maikaʻi. Ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o nā wana 20 cm, ma mua o ka pua a ma hope koke o ia mea, hoʻohana ʻia ka keleawe klorida (3-4 g / l) a i ʻole ka wai o Bordeaux no ka hoʻoili ʻana.
I mea e pale aku ai i nā maʻi me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, e lawa ana ke kūpono o kēia ala:
- Ka pale o ka ʻōnaehana kumu mai ka ʻeha kino (ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻalo hohonu a hoʻokuʻu i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau).
- Ke ulu nei i nā raspberry ma kahi hoʻokahi ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 7 mau makahiki. E hoʻi hou i nā pūnaewele kahiko ma mua o 3-4 mau makahiki.
- ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā ʻōpala paʻa, nā ʻino a me nā hua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
- ʻAno pā.
- Hoʻohana no ka hana hou i nā mea kanu kanu pono wale nō.
- E hakakā pono i ka manawa aphids e hoʻokuʻi i nā maʻi maʻi.
- Mai ʻae i ka lepo nāu i loko o nā ʻōpala.
- ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i nā mea kanu me kekahi o nā mea kanu (1% Bordeaux wai, keleahi klorida, Khom, Abiga-Peak) i ka wā puna, ma mua o ka pua a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Video: pehea e hana ai me ka nānā ʻula
I ka weheweheʻana o ka ʻano, ua hōʻike ʻia kona kūʻē i ka pana ʻana i ke kolamu waena. ʻO ka nui paha, hiki i ke koena o nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu ke hoʻopilikia ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻino. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ma o nā ʻelele maʻamau maʻamau.
Palapala Moho: Nā Mea Pono Kūʻai o Raspberry Vera
| ʻĀTō KAI | HALEU HARM | KA WAHINE HALE |
|---|---|---|
| ʻO ka laupaʻa a me nā lau ʻōpala | Ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua, e waiho i nā hua i loko o nā ʻōpū a ʻāʻī i ka peduncle. Holo i nā keiki a hāʻule paha i ke waiho ʻana ma ka pā. | 5-6 lā ma mua o ka pua a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, hoʻōla ʻia me nā lāʻau Alatar, Fufanon, Inta-Vir a i ʻole Iskra-M, Actellik |
| Kahi lāʻau ʻōpiopio | I ka wā o ka hoʻolalelale ʻana o nā ʻupena e ʻai iā lākou, me ka ʻeha hoʻi i nā lau a me nā pua. Hoʻopau i nā hua hua i nā ovaries ʻōpio. I ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka nui, hiki iā lākou ke luku a hiki i 30% o nā pua pua a me nā pua. | |
| Hoʻopuka lāpū kinipōpō | Hoʻopau ikaika me nā wahi pale. Nā hoʻonoho ma nā kihi o nā wana a me nā inflorescences. Ua luku ʻia nā lau ʻōpala, nā hua lāʻau ʻomau, maloʻo nā pua. Lawe ʻia nā maʻi maʻi | |
| ʻItelelo ka Spider mite | ʻIke ʻia i ka wā maloʻo a wela, hoʻopiʻi i ka wai wai mai nā lau a kau i ka palaoa me nā cobwebs. Hōʻike nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā lau, maloʻo a hāʻule i lalo. I ka manawa maloʻo, hiki i nā hōʻemi ke hōʻea a hiki i 70%. | Hoʻomoe kūleʻa i ke anuanu a me ka luku ʻana o nā lau i ʻike ʻia nā mea pale. I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā māka Fufanon, Akreks, Actellik a me nā mea inikini ʻē aʻe. |
Kiʻi ʻO ke Kiʻi: ʻO nā mea paʻi pinepine ʻo Raspberry
- Hoʻopilikia nā rasppberry-strawberry weevil i nā pua a me ka ʻaihue i ka huakaʻi
- ʻAi ʻo Raspberry i ka pīpī a waiho i nā hua i loko o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio
- Noho ʻo Raspberry shoot aphid i nā kihi o nā pihi a me nā lau a hoʻopau i ka wai wai mai o lākou aku
- Hoʻokele ka spider mite i nā lau a hoʻopili iā lākou me nā cobwebs
ʻAʻole i kūkākūkā ʻia ʻo Raspberry Vera i nā kahua ʻo ka māla ʻai; ʻaʻohe nā loiloi e waiho e pili ana iā ia. ʻAʻole mamao loa ka ʻano ma ke ʻano a, a, no laila, ʻaʻole kaulana kēia kumu. I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻano hou i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana. Eia paha, ʻaʻole kūʻē ka raspberry Vera i ka hoʻokūkū me lākou a neʻe iki ʻia i waho o nā raspberry Lūkini. ʻO Vera kahi hua lāʻau maʻamau. Hoʻopau maikaʻi nā ʻano, akā i nā kūlana o nā wahi i kau ʻia ai, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomanawanui, pono ia i ke ʻano o ka wā e ulu a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka raspberry Vera i ka mōʻaukala koho kūloko.
