ʻO ka nui o nā māla, i hoʻāʻo ʻia i nā ʻano he nui a me ke ʻano, hoʻi hou i nā ʻano kahiko a hōʻike ʻia i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu o ka lepo - me ke kōkua o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka siderat kaulana loa i nā manawa a pau i manaʻo ʻia he lupine, i kēia manawa ua hoʻomaka ʻia kona kaulana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ia e lawe wale mai i nā pōʻino hānai i ka papa māla, akā he nani nō hoʻi i ka wā e ulu ana.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana o lupine no ka māla
ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana nā māla i ka lupine makahiki e like me siderat. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo loa he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ka palahalaha. Ua ho'ākāka ʻia ka noi no kēia mau ʻano e ka mea i loaʻa iā lākou kahi kumu aia kumu e komo ana i ka hohonu o 2 mau mika ma ka pae o ka ʻāina, a me ka mea pono ua lako lākou i nā huakini nodule e hoʻoponopono ana i ka nitrogen mai ka lewa a hoʻoiho i ka lepo me lākou.
Hōʻikeʻike o Lupins
Ke lawe ʻia ka wai, hoʻokahe a me nā mea hoʻonaninani a hoʻoneʻe ʻia i loko o ka lepo mai ka lupine. ʻO ka wehe ʻia o ka ʻāina e hele a hoʻopau ʻia ka microflora anaerobic.
Nui! Mahalo i nā aʻa o ka lupine, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā papa o subsoil o ka lepo. Hoʻopuka ka mea kanu i nā mea kanu paʻakikī mai ka papa haʻahaʻa lalo a hoʻohuli iā lākou i nā mea maʻalahi.
I loko o ka polūʻeleʻele a me ka melemele, he nui nā alkaloids e hōʻole ana i nā pōpoki a luku i nā ʻano pathogenic o nā fungi a me nā huakini, hoʻemi i ka paʻakai o ka ʻāina, e hoʻohuli ia i ka kūleʻa a i ʻole ka alkaline.
ʻO nā mea e pono ai ka ʻāina kanu
Inā aneane holoi ʻia nā waiwai āpau mai ka lepo (ʻoi aku ka maʻamau maʻamau o ka ʻāina one), a ʻo ka hua o ka pōholi hua pōkole, ua emi ka hua o ka lawena o ka lepo, a laila ma kēia hana he kūpono ke kanu ʻana i ka lupine. He kūpono ia nā mea kanu no nā ʻilihune a me nā mea i lawe ʻia i ka ʻāina, uncultivated land and sandy loam.
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana, hiki i ka lupine ke hoʻopōmaikaʻi me nā mea kanu, ʻona a hoʻonui i ka mahiʻai i nā lepo ʻē aʻe, i hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu palekana i kahi kanu i ka pūnaewele. I kēia hihia, pono ke koho ʻia ka wā o kēlā me kēia hihia i kēlā me kēia hihia, ma muli o ka emi o ka lepo.
E makaʻala! ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i kanu i nā ʻano āpau o ka lupine ma luna o nā papale a me nā wahi pākolo koʻikoʻi.
He aha nā mea kanu kūpono e kanu ai i ka lupine makahiki
Manaʻo nā mea kanu mea kanu i ka kanu ʻana i ka lupine green manure ma mua o ka solanaceous, nā huaʻai cereal a me nā mea hoʻouluulu. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo ka mea kanu kahi mea kūpono maikaʻi no nā hua lāʻau, nā ʻōpala, nā gooseberries, nā kīʻaha, nā cherries, nā ʻuala, nā kukama, nā ʻoma a me nā pepa. E like me kēia hopena, hoʻonui nā huahana i nā manawa he nui i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hōʻailona maʻamau.
ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai momona me ka lupine
Nui! ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i ke kanu ʻana i ka mea kanu ma ke ʻano o mua i nā legumes. ʻO kēia no ka mea loaʻa nā maʻi maʻamau a me nā pōpoki e hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo.
He aha nā ʻano o ka lupine i kūpono i ka hana o ke kaila ʻala
ʻO kekahi mau kamaʻāina o ke kauwela e makaʻala i ka lupine, e like me siderata. Makaʻu lākou ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka mea pilikia e pilikia. ʻO kēia manaʻo, no ka mea, no ka nui o nā mea kanu me ka lupine mea ʻole a manu ʻole paha i loaʻa i nā kīleʻa hope ʻole. I kēia hihia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo ia e ka hōʻuluʻulu ponoʻī, a hopu ʻo rhizome i nā ʻāina hou.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono loa e kanu i ka makahiki o ke ʻano he siderat. ʻOi loa no kēia mau kumu, aia nā ʻano makahiki i kēlā, ʻoiai ke ulu nei lākou e nā hua kanu, ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā pilikia me ka hiu wā. Hoʻopili kēia me ka lupine ʻehiku-leavene, melemele, keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula.
Pepine ka lālā moʻo
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano ulia ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole pono ka mea kanu me ka mālama kūikawā a ʻae ʻia i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka manuahi. ʻOiai ke inoa ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia lupine ke aniani wale nō, akā ke aniani ka lilac, me ka ʻulaʻula a me ka keʻokeʻo. Ua hiki i ka mea kanu ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika.
Nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele a i ʻole uliuli paha
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau o ka lupine ʻokiʻoki.
- Lākana
- Mālama.
- Pahuʻula Nemchinovsky.
- Siderat 38.
Ua ulu pū ʻia lākou e like me ka hua ʻai, akā loaʻa iā lākou kahi noi nui e like me ka siderate. O kēia mau ʻano a pau, ʻo Siderat 38 ka mea i ʻike ʻia, he kīkaha ola, ma muli o nā mea like ʻole o nā aʻa.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka lupine lupine e like me ka siderate, ʻaʻole wale nō ma muli o kāna mau waiwai, akā, no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, kū kūʻē i ke anuanu, hohonu o ke aʻa, loʻo a me nā saturation o nā papa ʻāina o luna me ka hau.
Lupine melemele (Lupinus luteus)
Kahi iki ka mea kanu o kēia ʻano, ua ulu ʻole ia ma mua o ka mika ma ke kiʻekiʻe me kahi inflorescence e like me ka spikelet o ka kukui kukui a i ʻole ka kala kala. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lupine uliuli, he thermophilic ia, akā i ka manawa like hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanawanui i nā frosts i -6 ° C. I mea e ulu ai ka mea kanu, pono ia e ana ke ea ma ka liʻiliʻi o 12 ° C wela. I ka wā kanu, pono ka hoʻoulu ʻia o nā lupins. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ia i luna o nā kapakai lole a me nā kāwele one.
ʻO nā ʻano hua like ʻole i manaʻo ʻia i ka mea maʻamau:
- Kelulu.
- ʻO Gorodnensky
- Kaio.
- Siderat 892.
- Hooli 369.
Nui! ʻAʻole ʻōlelo nā loea i ka kanu ʻana i ka lupine melemele no ka hoʻoilo.
Lupinus luteus
Lupin White (Lupinus albus)
Ulu ka makahiki i ka hoʻokahi mita a ua manaʻo ʻia he mea kanu kūʻokoʻa. He pua nani ʻo White lupine, e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā lau hāmama a me nā pua keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo, paʻa i luna o ke kumu. Hoʻopili ia, hoʻohana ʻia ka mea kanu he ʻano mālama holoholona maikaʻi loa. Ma ka ʻike a me ka maʻalahi o ka digestible kiʻekiʻe ka protein, maikaʻi loa ka lupine keʻokeʻo ma nā mea kanu leguminous.
Mālama wale nō ke ola ʻana o nā lupins i nā lepo maikaʻi. Hoʻopaʻa ka ʻona a me kāna kumu hohonu i ka lepo, huki i nā mea i ʻalepona a me nā mea kanu mai laila, e hoʻomakeu ana i ka lepo me lākou.
ʻO ka lupine sinezine keʻokeʻo, e like me nā meaʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, aia nā ʻano like loa. E pili ana kēia:
- Gamma
- Desniansky.
- Degar.
ʻO ka hemahema o ka kanu ʻana i ka lupine keʻokeʻo he mea maikaʻi loa ia i ka lepo, pono ia i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a me ka lole o ka luna, akā kūleʻa ia i ka make ʻole.
Lupinus albus
Lupine makahiki-keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
ʻO kahi mea kanu pālahalaha, a me ka lāʻau lōʻihi me nā pua ʻala a me nā lau ʻōpiopio nui saturated hiki ke hoʻopiha i ka palupalu palupalu, nā pālolo a me nā loamy me nā mea e pono ai a me nā meaola. I ke kiʻekiʻe, ulu kēia ulu a 50 cm.I ke komo ʻana i nā loko i kahi ʻāpana me nā ʻōlelo melemele.
Nui! Hōʻailona ʻia kēia ʻano makahiki i ulu i nā wahi iʻike ʻole ʻia kahi ʻōuli. Hōʻike i nā mea kanu hoʻokele a me ka hygrophilous.
Pehea e ulu ai i ka lupine me he siderate
Aia ma muli o nā kiko o nā alkaloid i ka mea kanu, nā mea huna lupaloid a me nā non-alkaloid. Loaʻa kā lākou ʻokoʻa i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo kaona o ka mua, a he momona ka hope, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohana pinepine ai nā aʻa ʻona a me nā mea kanu, a ua kanu ʻia nā hua like ʻono no ka mea hānai holoholona.
Nānā pinepine ʻia nā lupins Alkaloid e kanu i ka wā hela a i ka punawai. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i kēia i ka hoʻomaka mua. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e ulu palupalu ka mea kanu a nāu wale ka ʻōpala. ʻAʻole ʻoe e haʻalele i ka kanu ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole nō hoʻi kēia mea kanu i ka wā anu. I ka wā e holo ai, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona.
Aia ka lulu
Lulu ʻia ka lupine a ma mua o ka nāhe ʻana o ka mea kanu, ua hiki i ka manawa ke pua a me nā hua i hoʻomaka nā lāʻau ma luna o ka mea, no ka mea ʻo ia o kēia wā, e like me nā wehewehe, ua hōʻiliʻili ka siderat i ka nui o nā mea pono.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka o ke kauwela e hoʻāʻo e kanu i kā lākou māla me nā lupins a puni ka hapalua o Mei, e like me i ka mahina o Iune e pau loa i ka hana. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka hua lupine a hiki i ka waena o ʻAukake. I ka pūnāwai, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i kekahi ʻano ʻano, akā i ʻAukake ke wā e ʻohi ai i nā mea e kū kūʻē i ke anuanu.
Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu
I ka wā e eli ai
Nui nā māla hou e ulu nei i ka lupine e like me ka siderat ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka wā e lūlū ai a i ka wā e kanu ai kahi mea kanu, no laila ke alo nei lākou i kekahi mau pilikia. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hana, ʻo ka manawa kūpono loa no ka kanu ʻana e manaʻo ʻia ma ka waena o Mei a me ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake.
A ʻo ke kanu mea kanu, pono nui hoʻi ia e hana i ka wā kūpono, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua. Inā ʻaʻole, e hāʻawi ka mea kanu i nā hua, he mea paʻakikī ia e hoʻopiʻi, no ka mea e pālahalaha aku lākou i nā wahi āpau o ka wahi ma ka lūlū iho. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia kūlana, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka manawa o ka mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi, kona mowing. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa e manaʻo ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua, i ka māhele o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pua.
E makaʻala! Pono e pīpī i ka moʻomeheu i ka manawa like i ka ʻāina, a pau ka hana pono ʻana i ka lawaiʻa.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono a me ka hoʻā ʻana o ka ʻāina, ulu ʻo Lupinus ma mua o ke kanu ʻana no kahi o 50 mau lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lā 60 mau lā ma mua o kēia manawa.
ʻO nā lula mālama mālama
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke haʻalele. ʻO ka mea nui loa ka kūpono o ka lepo, a laila hiki i ka lāʻau ke maʻalahi i ka holoʻokoʻa i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Pono ʻoe e nānā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke hele mua nā mau nāu i mua o nā mea kanu kanu, no laila pono lākou i ka ʻōnaehana a hoʻoponopono.
ʻO ka pua ʻōpala
ʻO ka punawai a me ka haʻahaʻa
Inā maloʻo ka kauwela a hala ka ua i kēlā me kēia pule, a laila ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻohui i ka lupine. Inā ʻaʻole ia, inā wela ka honua a maloo ka honua, a laila pono ka nui o ka mea kanu e hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻia. Hiki ke kanu i ka mea kanu ma o ke ʻano o ka ua a ma lalo o ke aʻa. I mea e pale ai i ka nānā ʻana o nā pōpō honua, pono ia e mālama pono i ka mulch ma hope o kēlā meʻa.
Pupukika a lulu
Hoʻomaʻo pinepine nā māla iā lākou iho pehea e hānai ai i nā lupins i ulu e like me ka manure keʻe. He maʻalahi loa ka pane i kēia nīnau. ʻOiai ka paʻa ʻana o nā aʻa o ke kumu me ka nitrogen, ʻaʻole pono ia me ka hoʻomalu hou. ʻO ka mea hiki ke hana e hoʻopili ai i nā potash a me nā phosphorus fertilizers i ka hāʻule.
ʻO nā pilikia nui e ulu ana i ka lupine ʻo siderata
Me he mea ʻole ʻole he mea maʻalahi ma mua o ka kanu ʻana i ka weʻe ma luna o ka pā, a maikaʻi loa i ka nahele a hoʻomāliʻi hoʻi ma ka lūlū iho. Akā i ka ulu ʻana o ka lupine ma kāu māla. Eia nō naʻe, ala paha kekahi mau pilikia. Hiki ke tupu kēia ma muli o kekahi mau kumu.
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i kahi pua, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia maʻalahi ka lepo ʻole i ka lepo, no ka mea, aia nō ia ʻaʻole e ulu i kēlā ʻāina. I ka wā mua, e kanu ʻia ka mea kanu i ka mauʻu a lūlū mālie, no laila e neʻe ʻia lākou. Akā inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hopohopo i kēia, ke ulu koke ia, a ʻaʻohe nāhelehele e hoʻopilikia me kāna hoʻomohala ʻana.
ʻO nā maʻi a me kā lākou pale ʻana
E like me nā mea kanu āpau, pili ka lupine i kekahi mau maʻi. Ka mea maʻamau:
- Rot - hiki i kahi maʻi ke hōʻemi i ka hopena a me ka maikaʻi o kahi mea kanu mai 17 a 50%. ʻO nā aʻa aʻa a me nā cotyledons e hōʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi. Hiki i nā pua fusarium ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka maʻi. ʻO ke hoʻohana mua o ka phosphorus-potassium fertilizers a me ka ʻaina i kā nā hua a hiki ke pale i ka pilikia.
Anthracnose ma ka lupine
- Anthracnose - alakaʻi i ka luku ʻia o nā mea kanu a i 70 pakeneka. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi e ka hiʻohiʻona o nā poloka a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻoniʻoni ma luna o nā cotyledons, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e pālahalaha ma ke kihi nui.
- Sentoriosis - nā ʻāpana o kahi brown languid a pale ʻulaʻula paha e hoʻomaka i ʻike ʻia ma nā lau o ka lupine.
Eia nō hoʻi, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ka mea kanu me nā maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi viral, e like me ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi bacterial a me ka mosaic.
Nā pōpō pinepine
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Lupine he lāʻau paʻakikī, ʻoiai naʻe, i ka wā o kona māla ʻana, aia kekahi pilikia e pili ana i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi. ʻO nā pōpoki maʻamau maʻamau he mau aphids a me nā hua hou o ka lele hemo. Hōʻike pinepine nā Aphids i ka manawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā pua i ka mea kanu. ʻIke ʻia nā hua ʻōkole o ka germ i hope ma hope o ke ola ke kū ʻia nā hua manu i ka wā mua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻu i nā pilikia ma ka mālama ʻana me ka insecticides.
ʻO Aphids ma kahi Lōlani
ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe a me kā lākou hopena
Hoʻopili pinepine nā māla i kahi pilikia e like me ka lohi ʻana o ka mea kanu ulu. Hiki i kahi mea lepo maikaʻi ke hoʻonāukiuki iā ia. I mea e haʻalele ai i kēlā hopena, pono e nānā i ka lepo no ka acidity ma mua o ke kanu. Inā ʻike ka hana alkaline i ka lepo, ʻaʻole pua ka pua.
Hoʻolālā pinepine nā māla lāʻau i nā lupins e like me ka siderata e hoʻonui ai i ka uluʻana i ka lepo. Manaʻo ʻia ka lāʻau lāʻau a kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano ola olakino o ka lepo a me kona hopena. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka mea nui loa e koho i nā ʻano kūpono o nā mea kanu a ulu a hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole, e hoʻopiha ka lula i ka lula ʻana i ka pae holoʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole lawe mai i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia.
