ʻO nā maʻi a me nā pōpō o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau: puna, kauwela, kauwela

Hana nui nā mea hana hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pale ʻana o nā ʻano ʻaleka i nā maʻi like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ke hilinaʻi nei nā mea a pau a me ka makaʻala o ka mea hānai.

ʻO nā maʻi e hoʻopōʻino i ka lāʻau āpau a me ka hakakā ʻana iā lākou, nā hōʻailona mua a me nā ʻano o kā lākou pale ʻana, a me nā kumu a me nā alahele o nā maʻi i palena - ka ʻike liʻiliʻi loa e pono ai no kēlā me kēia māla.

ʻO ka papa ʻaina o nā maʻi ʻalemena

ʻO nā kumu no ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā maʻi he nui: mālama kūpono, hōʻino kino, nā maʻi ʻeha. Aia i ke ʻano o ka lesion, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano o nā maʻi like ʻole:

Nā maʻi maʻi

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi o ka lāʻau ʻapeka ka hopena o ka mālama pono ʻole, ka haʻalele ʻana i nā hana maʻemaʻe. E poina e paʻa ka ulu ʻana o ke kūlohelohe i nā ʻano manuʻai, akā i ke ola olakino hiki iā ia ke kū i ka lāʻau.

Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā maʻi ma muli o ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻili, ka pono kūpono o nā lālā, nā hemahema o ka mālama. No ka pale aku, e pono ai nā ʻoihana penei:

1. Hoʻopili i nā lālā ma ka pūnāwai.
2. ʻO ka mālama ponoʻana o nā lāʻau'ōlepa mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki (ma kahi o 2 mau manawa i ka manawa).
3. ʻO ka wehe ʻole o ka pīpī (hoʻonui ʻia i ka maki lei e hoʻonui i nā hana o nā pua).
4. Kūlana noi ʻoihana.
5. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke lau ʻana i ka māla.
6. Keʻe ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.

Kuhihewa

Hoʻokomo ka ʻōpū i nā hua a me nā lau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka maʻi ma nā wahi me ke ʻano maʻi, kahi i ʻike ʻia e ka wai ʻōpū. Lawe ʻia ka pua e ka spores me ke kōkua o ka makani, ka wai, nā pepeke. Hōʻike koke nā hōʻailona ma hope o ka maʻi.

Nā Hoʻomaka

1. ʻO nā wahi ʻeleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā lau, he manawa ke ʻoliʻoli nei.
2. Ma hope o nā lau, e paʻi ʻia nā hua.
3. Hoʻolālā nā hua.

Kāleka:

1. Ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi maʻi.
2. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā hua kanu, nā lau hāʻule, ʻoki i nā lālā.
3. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻāina a puni ka ʻōpala.
4. Moku aliʻi ākea no ka kaʻe o ka ea maikaʻi.
5. ʻO ke koho o nā puʻu no ke kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau lāʻau.

Hoʻohana: hoʻoneʻe a luku i nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i ka lāʻau. Hana me nā mea wai. ʻO kahi koho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mākaukau no ka meaolaola e loaʻa ai ka bacillus hay. Hoʻopau kēia pale i kahi holiki pathogenic. Hoʻohana ʻia ka pānaʻi ʻo Bordeaux. ʻO kēia kahi hui o ka keleawe keleawe me ka lime. I ka mahiʻai o kēia wā, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i kahi ala paʻakikī: mai loko a ma waena. ʻO kēia ʻo Rayok, Skor, Horus. ʻO kā lāua hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole lākou i holoi ʻia e ka ua a i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo.

Ke mālama nei i kahi maʻi, ʻaʻole e poina nā mea hoʻonui ʻia e nā ʻōpala "hoʻohana ʻia" i nā mea ʻala, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau me nā mea kanu ʻono.

ʻO ka ʻōpala Powdery

ʻO ka hapalua o ka manawa o ka maʻi he hapalua mahina. ʻAʻole naʻe i ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka maʻi. Hoʻopau maʻalahi nā lāʻau i nā manawa o ke kauwela kauwela, me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Nā hōʻailona: keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā keiki, nā lau. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā manawa, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma luna.

Kāleka:

1. Ka ʻohi ʻana i ka wai o Bordeaux.
2. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ea lepo i ka ʻōpala, nāhiʻu.
3. ʻO ka lole kāpili topi Phosphorus, hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana o ka lāʻau āpau.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana:

1. kumuleka konukula;
2. manuahi a manu ʻole ʻana ʻo Bordeaux;
3. lehu pele;
4. Pākuʻi potassium permanganate (e wehe a luku i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopau ʻia o ka lāʻau āpau).

E hui pū ka inoa

Loaʻa ia ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina. Hele mai ma muli o ka poho o ka hau. Hoʻokomo ka ʻūhuhahi i nā mea hōʻeha a me nā luhi. ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ka lā anuanu e hāʻawi i ka hoʻolālā. ʻO ka hōʻailona mua ke lei o nā ʻōpala. Pau ke poʻo o ka ʻōpala. Me ka hoʻomohala hou o ka maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā fungi.

Kāleka:

1. Hoʻomihako mākaukau i nā kumulāʻau no ka hoʻoilo: whitewashing, mulching.
2. Noho wale a ka puʻu.
3. Hoʻopili me ka calcium a me ka fosfor.
4. Hana ʻia me ka keleawe keleawe.

Lāʻau:

1. Wehe i nā wahi pili,
2. Hana i nā pīpī me vitriol a me var.
3. E pīpī i ka kumulāʻau me nā fungicides (Topaz, Vectra, Bordeaux wai).

ʻŌpala

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, e lilo ia i ka maʻi mai kahi juniper e ulu kokoke ana. Aia ma nā lau aia nā wahi a me nā ʻōpala o ke kala kala-rusty me nā kala ʻeleʻele. Na ka ʻili i hoʻopā ʻia.

ʻO ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana like ia me ka waiū waiū.

Cytosporosis

Hoʻopaʻa ka maʻi ma ka mea kanu. ʻO kekahi poino o ka cortex he hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka cytosporosis. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka maʻi i ka pūnāwai a i ʻole līwī, i ka hoʻoilo ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū, me ka hoʻomehana ʻana e hoʻomaka koke i ka ulu ʻana. ʻO kahi like ʻole i like me ka maʻi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻole me ka cytosporosis, lilo ka ʻili, akā hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia mai ka ʻeke.

Nā hōʻailona:

1. Ua uhi ʻia nā kumulāʻau me nā ʻōleʻeleʻeleʻele, kahi e lawe ʻia ma ke aniani ʻulaʻula.
2. Hoʻomaka nā ʻōpala a me nā lālā.
3. Hoʻokumu nā puʻupuʻu ma luna o ka ʻoki, mai kahi gume e hoʻomoʻi.

Kāleka:

1. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā hua kanu, nā lau hāʻule, ʻoki i nā lālā.
2. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻāina a puni ka ʻōpala.
3. Hoʻolaha manu.

Hoʻohana maikaʻi ka mālamaʻana i nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi: mālama me nā fungicides, hoʻomākaukau i nā keleawe. Hoʻomai ʻia ka lepo me ka urea a me ka nitrate (amoni).

I ka hihia o ka maʻi i ka wā o ka luku ʻana i kahi cortex: wehe a luku i nā wahi i hōʻino ʻia.

ʻO ka Phyllosticosis (brown spotting)

Nā ala o ka maʻi: ke anuanu kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hōʻino i ka ʻāʻāina. I ka wā hāʻule, e luku i nā lau hāʻule, ʻeliʻeha i ka lepo, e hoʻoulu i nā lāʻau ʻula me ka urea. I ka pūnāwai, e mālama me nā fungicides.

ʻO ka paleʻole e like me ka cytosporosis.

ʻŌpala ʻeleʻele

ʻO kaʻinoʻino i ka cortex ke kumu nui. Hiki i ke kōʻai kōkō hiki ke kōkua pū i ka maʻi. ʻO nā hōʻailona mua nā pali ʻeleʻele e pili ana i ka wahi i hōʻino ʻia o ka cortex. Hele ka wā, ulu nā māpala a lilo i uhi me ka plana. Hōʻalo: ka mea kanu ulu-maloʻo ʻano paʻakikī (he emi iki lākou i ka maʻi ʻeleʻele a me ka moniliosis). Nānā i nā koi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ke maʻi wale ʻia ka maʻi ma nā mua mua.

1. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe, keʻaila me ka antiseptic.
2. E kāpīpī i ka lāʻau āpau me nā fungicides.
3. E hoʻopiʻi i nā lāʻau āpau āpau ma ka pūnaewele.

ʻO ka lōʻihi ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana a me nā manawa pinepine.

Moniliosis (rot rot fruit)

E pili ana i ka ʻāpana a me nā hua āpau. I nā kumu:

1. ʻōpala kino
2. i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe
3. ʻano like ʻole kūpono,
4. mālama pono ʻole.
5. mālama pono ʻole o ka hua.

Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona: ua uhiʻia ka hua i nā wahi brown me kahi panina hina. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa: hoʻopau i nā hua i hoʻopau ʻia, mālama i ka lāʻau lāʻau āpau iā lākou iho me ka wai o Bordeaux, a ma hope o ka manawa o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana me ka hopena keleawe keleawe.

I nā maʻi maʻi

He mea paʻakikī nā lāʻau lāʻau ākea e hoʻopili. ʻO ka pinepine, ua komo ka maʻi i nā hua kanu, ma hope o ka kanu ʻana, lawe koke ʻia e nā pepeke manu a me nā manu. Aia kekahi mau maʻi. Kāohi i nā maʻi maʻi āpau - mālama mai nā iniseti, koho pono o nā pua.

Hoʻopuka Bacteriosis (Bacterial Burn)

Hoʻomoʻi ka Bacteria i ka ʻōnaehana vascular o ka lāʻau maʻa ma o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka ʻili. ʻO ka hele pinepine ʻia me ka moniliosis. He pepeke nā kānaka hele wāwae. Nā hōʻailona o ka bacteriosis:

1. ʻO nā wahi ʻulaʻula ma waena o nā veins.
2. Hoʻomaloʻo nā hope o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.
3. Pau ka hua.
4. ʻO nā lau ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala a me nā hua ʻole i hāʻule.

Pono e mālama me ka antibiotika a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka lāʻau kai. Wehe i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopau ʻia.

He kanesa maʻiʻa lolo

Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka maʻi ākea ma o nā mea kanu i nā aʻa a me nā lālā e waiho ana i ka lepo. E like me ke kānāwai, e hele mai nei ka maʻi i ka wā e ulu ana i nā kumulāʻau i hoʻokahi wahi i ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā huehue palupalu ma nā aʻa. Hoʻoikaika lākou. ʻAʻole i mālama ʻia. Hoiliiliia ka laau i paia, lukuia.

Nā maʻi piula

Hoʻokū ʻia ka maʻi ma nā ʻili. Hoʻopilikia ka hapa āpau o nā lāʻau kumulāʻau. Ua make ʻo nā ʻāpana o ka wahī, hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho. Hoʻokomo ke kauka ma nā wana a me nā hua.

Lāʻau:

1. Kahu ʻaina nā ʻāpana āpau.
2. Sanitize ke kiʻi ʻokiʻoki me ka keleawe keleawe.
3. E kāʻei i nā ʻāpana me ka pena a waihoʻoluʻu paha.
4. Hana i nā puna me kahi hopena o ka zinc chloride.

Nā maʻi maʻi

ʻO ka mea maoli o kēia mau maʻi, ʻaʻole i noho nā mau maʻi i kahi ākea. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ku pāuna i kahi lāʻau pāpaona me nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻole.

Hōʻalo ka pale ʻana i ka koho akahele ʻana i nā mea kanu, quarantine, mālama ʻia me nā mea hihiu manuahi. Hiki i kahi mea nānā ʻike ʻole ke ʻike i kēia mau maʻi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wehewehe ma lalo.

Hoʻohana ʻia

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi pepeke a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pōpoki i nā pilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau:

Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma ke kūʻai aku i nā mākaukau paʻakikī (Skor, Horus, Fitosporin). ʻO kā lākou hana, ke huli nei i nā pōpoki o nā ʻano like ʻole.

He mea nui paha ia e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka hāʻule. Nā lula kumu:

1. Ma mua o ke kaʻina hana, wehe i nā mea kanu āpau mai lalo o nā kumulāʻau.
2. E hana ʻia nā hana i ka wā maloʻo loa.
3. Wehe i ka vitriol i loko o kahi ipu aniani a iʻa kaomi wai.
4. Ma mua o ka ninini ʻana i loko o ka sprayer, e maopopo pono e kānana i ka kūleʻa.
5. E hoʻoulu i ka lāʻau āpau, e komo pū ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina a puni ka ʻōpala.
6. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kekahi mau mea hana i ka manawa hoʻokahi.

Pono ke kapa ʻana i ka māla i ka wā hoʻoilo. E ʻoluʻolu ia i ka lāʻau i ka wai maʻalahi i ka hau a pale aku i ka maʻi ʻino a me nā maʻi. Nā manaʻo:

• Pono nā lāʻau ʻōpio i kahi pale ākea a koʻikoʻi.
• Hoʻohui ʻia ke kūleʻa me ka vitriol (keleawe).
• Kuhi ʻia ka ʻōpala i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1.5 mika, e hopu ana i nā lālā haʻahaʻa.

ʻLelo Aʻe o Mr. ʻAmelika Huipū

1. Loaʻa nā kālā āpau i kahi lā hala.
2. Kūʻai i nā kemika ma nā wahi kūikawā.
3. ʻAe ʻia ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā lako palekana.