Ma nā'āina he nuiʻoʻEulopa, ua unuhiʻia nā hua'ōlelo "cherry" a me "cherry cherry" ma keʻano like. ʻAʻohe mea'ē aʻe ma kēia, no ka mea, pili kekahi i kekahi. Akāʻo kēia mau pilina ma waena o nā moʻomeheuʻaʻole e hiki ke hoʻohuli i nā cheri liʻiliʻi i loko o nā cherie maikaʻi.
ʻAʻole hiki keʻikeʻia ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi ma nā māla a pau ma ko lākou mau pūnaewele. I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻomohala nā mea kanu lāʻau i nāʻanoʻano likeʻole o nā cherie maikaʻi no ka mahiʻana ma ka'āinaʻo Moscou a me nā wahi'ē aʻe o Rusia.
E haʻi e pili ana i kekahi o lākou ma hope aku, a mākou e wehewehe i nā hua'ōlelo o ka paeʻana a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia papa.
Hōʻike o nāʻano maikaʻi o nāʻano cherrie cherries:ʻo kā lākou uluʻana, nā hua, nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā meaʻinoʻole o kēlā me kēia
ʻO ka'āina momona me ka nui o ka lā a me ka wela e pono ai e kanu i nā kumulāʻau. Akā,ʻaʻole kūpono nā wahi anu o Moscou, a no laila ua kūkulu nāʻepekema i nāʻano hou, ākea. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa: Bryansk Rose, Iput, Fatezh, Tyutchevka, Revna.
Pākīniʻiʻo Bryansk, he aha ia?
ʻO nā hua o Bryansk pink cherries ka liʻiliʻi i ka nui mai ka 4 a 6 grams. Ua hoʻopuniʻia lākou, e like ana me ka 20-22 mm ke anawaena. ʻO ka'ōlena o nā huawaʻeleʻele, a he'ōmaʻomaʻo kaʻiʻo. Aia i loko he pōhaku'ōpiopio, kahi e 7-8% o ka nui o nā cherries. ʻO ka nui a me ka lahilahi o ke kapuahi ka nui. ʻO kaʻono o ka hua he meaʻono a me ke kani.
ʻO kēiaʻano ka hopena o ka ulu. Nohoʻia ka uluʻana i ka 4-5 makahiki o ka lāʻau. He hua kanu momona ia, kahi e pono ai i nā pollinators hou. Hoʻomaʻaʻia ka'ōlaʻau i ka makahiki mua o Mei. Hoʻomaʻiʻia i ka waenakonu o Iulai. ʻO ka'ōmelika ke kauʻia ma kahi o 78 c / ha, akā i kekahi manawa aku.
ʻAʻohe lōʻihi o ka lāʻau, e pili paha i 2-2.6 m, me ka nui o nā lālā. Loaʻa he ovoid oʻoleʻa a oval paha. He'ōmaʻomaʻo a lahilahi nā lau o ka lāʻau. I loko o kaʻikeʻole he 3 mau pua liʻiliʻi,ʻo ka pistil a me kaʻino ma kahiʻano hoʻokahi,ʻo ke kīʻaha i keʻano o ke aniani,ʻaʻohe lawelawe o nā sepals. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kukuna a me nā pistol he kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki i ka hāʻuleʻana ma ka'āpana pua. Nā pūpū mai ka cherry cherry me ka pua hina.
ʻO kēiaʻano keleʻa momona ka mea i emi iho: ka hikiʻole ke hoʻohālikeʻia iho. Akā,ʻaʻole ia he mea weliweli, no ka mea, aia nā lāʻau'ē aʻe e hiki ke pollinate i ka lāʻau, eia nāʻano likeʻole me "Iput", "Tyutchevka", "Revna". I ka mea nui maikaʻi maikaʻi e komo pū me:
- ʻO ke kūʻana o ka maʻamau maʻamau.
- ʻO keʻano o nā kānana maikaʻi ke kūʻokoʻa i nā maʻi lapaʻau i loko o kēiaʻano.
- Hoʻopilikia ka Rot i nā hua o ka lāʻau.
- Hoʻomaʻa ia i ka holoʻana ma kahi lōʻihi.
- ʻAʻole hiki i nā kōkole ke'ōlepe i ka manawa ua a me ke ala.
Cultivar Iput, kona mau kumu nui, kaʻikepili ma nāʻano maikaʻi a maikaʻi
ʻO ka hua o ka lāʻau, he awelika 5.2-5.5 mau kalena. ʻO keʻano o nā hua, he poepoe ia, me nāʻano: ke ākea, ke kiʻekiʻe,ʻo ka lahilahi he 20-22 mm. ʻO kaʻili o ka momona, a ma keʻano'ōleʻele a kokoke iʻeleʻele.
He kinoʻeleʻele a pōkole kona. Aia kekahi iwi a hiki i ka 0.3 grams o ke kaumaha,'ālohilohi i ke kala, a maikaʻi loa e kaʻawale mai ka pulp. He nani loa nā hua i ka helehelena, keʻoluʻolu a me kaʻono, ke kumu o kahi mea e puka mai ana i waho.
ʻAi kēia huaʻi momona nāʻano kahiko o ka uluʻana. Hoʻomaka mua ka hoʻomakaʻana i ka 4-5 mau makahiki. E like me nāʻano'ē aʻe, he huahua pono'ī ia, no laila, makemakeʻia nāʻano pollinator'ē aʻe. Hiki koke ke'ālapa. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hopena hope loa i ka hapa waena o Iune. ʻO ka hua o nā lāʻau he 80 mau kenetene ma ka hectare, a ma kekahi mau makahiki e hiki ai i 145 mau kenetena ma ka hekita.
He kiʻekiʻe keʻano o ka moʻomeheu o ka 3.5-4 mau mika. ʻO ke kalaunu o ka lāʻau uaʻano paʻakikī a ua nui nā mea i hānaiʻia, a ua like keʻano o ke kua. ʻO Buds oval, nui. Ua lahilahi nā lālani a heʻeleʻele uliuli i loko o ka lau, a heʻelua mau lawelawe.
ʻO 4 keʻokeʻo i loko o kaʻikeʻole. ʻO nāʻanuʻu a me nā pistil he like lākou ma ka pae like. ʻAʻole lawelawe nā sepals. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā pistils a me nā stamens he kiʻekiʻe loa. Hiki ke hua mai i ka hua.
I ka mikike o kēiaʻano, a me ka mua,ʻo ia nō ka hikiʻole ke hoʻohālikeʻia ihoe koi ana i nā lāʻau pollinator'ē aʻe.
Nā pōmaikaʻi ʻO kēia mauʻano:
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia i nā kauwela a me nā hulu wai.
- ʻO ka maikaʻi kūpono ka hopena maikaʻi i nā maʻi fungal.
- ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki e hāʻawi mai i kaʻohi maikaʻi a maikaʻi.
- Hiki i nā'ōmu o kēiaʻano lāʻau ke pale i ka wā anuanu.
- ʻO kēiaʻano keleʻa momona kēia no ka lā mua o ka uluʻana.
- ʻO ke kumuʻo ka pulp o nā huaʻona.
- He maikaʻi ka hiki ke hoʻololi.
He meaʻoluʻolu nō hoʻi e heluhelu e pili ana i ke kauʻana o kaʻohiʻohi.
ʻO nāʻano nui o ka cherry cherry "Fatezh"
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lāʻau ke kiʻekiʻe i 3-4 mau mika. Loaʻa i ka lei poʻo o ka lāʻau i keʻano o ka polo, a hoʻolahaʻia nā lālā. ʻO ka lau nui ka nui, kuhikuhi,'ōmaʻomaʻo aʻeleʻele paha, kahi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻoleʻokoʻa nā Bud ma nāʻano likeʻole o nāʻano iʻa. He nui nā pua i loko o kaʻaeʻole,ʻaʻohe keʻokeʻo.
ʻO kēiaʻano keleʻa momona ka manawa-manawa no ka oʻoʻana o nā hua. Hiki iāʻoe ke ho'āʻo i nā hua mua ma ka makahikiʻelima o ke ola o ka lāʻau. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke pollinate iā ia iho, no laila, makemakeʻia nāʻanoʻanoʻano pollinators, e ulu i ka manawa like me ke cherry. No ka maikaʻi pollination, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka hopena meli.
ʻO ka wā ulu o ka lāʻau e hāʻule i waenakonu a i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka malamaʻo Mei. ʻO ka hopena hope loa i ka malama o Iulai. ʻO ka hua o ka lāʻau hoʻokahi he 50 kg o ka makahiki, he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia.
ʻO ka nui o nā Berries he nui, e kaumaha ana he 4-5 mau. ʻO kekahi o nā cherries hāpaiʻia, heʻanoʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. He mea momona kaʻiʻo, kaʻawale ka pōhaku i ka maikaʻi. Hiki mai nā hua mai ke kumu. ʻO ka pōhaku he 5-6% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka pi. Hoʻopihaʻia ka meaʻono e nā huaʻona a me nāʻona.
ʻO ka mea pili i nā meaʻino kēia mea momona:
- ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaikaʻia ka hoʻohālikeʻana o ka pilikino, no laila, ulu i nāʻano'ē aʻe i ka manawa like me ka cherry tree.
- ʻO ka lā makaniʻino.
- ʻO keʻano o kēiaʻano keleʻa momona e'āponoʻole i ka heleʻana o nā mauhele, no laila ponoʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka papa o luna o ka lepo.
E maikaʻi Aia nā kumu o kēia kumu lāʻau i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona:
- Ke kū'ē kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO kēia keleʻa momona heʻano kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻAʻole pono ke koi pinepine i ka wai.
- He kūʻokoʻa kēiaʻano likeʻole i nā maʻi o ka hakina e like me: moniliosis a coccomycosis.
- He maikaʻi ka hōʻikeʻana iā Cherry.
- He kumu nani kēia o kēia lāʻau.
- ʻO ka momona o nā huaʻai he maikaʻi maikaʻi.
ʻO nāʻano pilikinoʻole o nā cheri Tyutchevka. He aha kona mau hiʻohiʻona, nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pōʻino o kēia moʻomeheu?
ʻO kēia kumu lāʻau he leʻaleʻa a puni. He liʻiliʻi nā'ōpiopio, ka liʻiliʻi i ka nui, ma keʻano o ka pahu. ʻO nā lau, kahiʻoiʻoi i ka luna a me ka'ōmole o nā lau o ka semi-oval, he'ōmaʻomaʻo i kaʻili aʻaʻoleʻeleʻele i luna. He mānoanoa a pōkole ka petioles, kahi e waihoʻia ai ka momona. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau he mea maʻamau, hiki i kekahi ke'ōlelo maʻalahi.
I kēlā me kēiaʻikeʻole i ka wā o ka puaʻana, he 4 puaʻa, aia ka'āpana i keʻano o ka mūkini, ka pāʻana i nā'aleʻa, aia nā'āpili i ka papa like,ʻo ke calyx i keʻano o ke aniani liʻiliʻi, ua nalowale ke kiko o nā sepals. Pistil a me nā lāʻau o ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ke kaumaha o ka hua'ōlelo o ka mea iʻoluʻoluʻia e like me ka 5.2 gramita i 7.5 mau kale. ʻO ka palena o ka hua he 20-23 mm, a puni. Aiaʻia i keʻanoʻeleʻeleʻulaʻula aʻeleʻele paha me nā pahu liʻiliʻi. He mānoanoa ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka pōhaku, e kuhikuhi i ka piko,ʻeleʻeleʻo 0.31-0.32 ka'ōmole,'ālohilohi i ke kala. Mai keʻano o ka pulp i kahi kaʻawale. ʻAla maikaʻi ke kino. He nani loa nā hua, kaʻono a me keʻoluʻolu.
Ua lōʻihi ka pua o nā pua pua, no laila, ua ulu pono nā hua. Hoʻomaka ka kumu e lawe i nā hua mua i ka makahikiʻelima o ke kanuʻana. Nā hua kiʻekiʻe he 97 mau kenetene ma ka hectare, a ma nā makahiki kiʻekiʻe loa i hiki i 270 mau kenetena ma ka hectare. ʻO kēia moʻomeheu ka pilina pono'ī.
ʻAʻole kēiaʻano waiwai i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, koe wale nā hua i ka wā mākū e hiki ke paʻakikī akāʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau, kahi maikaʻi loa no kona moʻolelo a he meaʻoluʻolu ia i nā mea kanu.
Pono ma ka piko piko "Tyutchevka", e kākau iā lākou i loko o kēia kaʻina:
- E loaʻa i ka Cherry ka hana e hiki ai ke holo i kahi lōʻihi.
- E kū'ē i nā maʻi e hiki ke hōʻeha i kēia kumu.
- ʻO kēiaʻano heʻano pono'ī ka pollinating, kahi maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka hopena, akā ināʻoi aku ka nui o nā pollinators,ʻaʻole ia eʻeha.
- ʻO ka hua "Tyutchevka" heʻano kiʻekiʻe.
- He meaʻono,ʻono kaʻono.
- Hoʻomaʻalima ia i ke anuanu hoʻoilo.
Aʻo keʻano hope loa, i hōʻikeʻia ma kēiaʻatikala, ua kapaʻiaʻo "Revna"
ʻO nā hua o kēiaʻano likeʻole ka nui i ka nui,ʻaʻole nui nā hua liʻiliʻi aʻaʻole nui nā'āpana e kaumaha ana i ka 5 grams. Akā, aia nā manaʻo kū'ē i ka 8 mau mele. ʻO keʻano holoʻokoʻa, heʻumikumamāiwa mau mile ka loa a me ka lahilahi, a he 20 mm ka laulā.
ʻO keʻano o kēia mau hua e hōʻikeʻia ana e kahi puʻupuʻu nui me kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka'ōpala o ke kala he kaumaha aʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele i ka'ōpiopio. ʻO ka'ōpena o ka pipi heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, heʻeleʻele loa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kohu kaʻoi. Māhele maikaʻi ka iwi mai ka'ōpala. Nā hua lele "Revna" maikaʻi loa aʻoluʻolu.
ʻO kēiaʻano keleʻa momona e hoʻomaka i kāna huaʻai i ka 4 a 5 mau makahiki o ke ola o ka lāʻau. Hoʻomaka ka huaʻai i ka hapalua o Mei, akā i ka hopena o ka mahina o Iune a i ka hoʻomakaʻana o Iulai.
ʻO ka meaʻono maikaʻi ka pokepoi pono'ī, akā he mau mea'ē aʻe likeʻoleʻo Raditsa, Venyaminova,'Iput a maikaʻi loa i ka hua. Pono e hoʻonuiʻia ka hopena o ka palena ma kahi o 110 c / ha, a ma ka'aneke he 75 c / ha.
Ulu ola ka lāʻauʻO ka pāpale kiʻekiʻe,ʻaʻole ka lush ma keʻano he pyramid. Hoʻohuiʻia nā hua a pau ma luna o nā lālā o ka lāʻau. ʻO nā lau i keʻano o ka oval, heʻeleʻele uliuli i kaʻili, he mānoanoa ko lākouʻili,ʻaʻole pōkole o ka petiole. Hoʻokumuʻia kaʻikepili e 4 mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Pisils a me nā manamana o ka lōʻihi lōʻihi. E like me nāʻano o nāʻano i hala,ʻo kaʻino o ka pistil ma kahi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā anoki.
ʻAʻoheʻano maikaʻiʻole e hiki ai iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana.
Pono nā hiʻohiʻona aʻu e makemake e kamaʻilio e pili ana:
- ʻO ka mea mua aʻu e makemake e haʻi aku,ʻo ia keʻano kiʻekiʻe o nā hua, i ka nānā a me nā piʻo.
- Mālama kēiaʻano i ka halihaliʻana ma kahi lōʻihi.
- He kiʻekiʻe loa ka paʻakikī o ke kauwela o kēia moʻomeheu.
- ʻO ke kumu,ʻo nā maʻiʻehaʻole o ka pūʻaliʻole e hoʻololi i kēia moʻomeheu.
- ʻO ka Sunburn no ka mea,ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka lāʻau.
Hoʻolahalaha Moscow region cherries: hōʻike i nā mea huna a pau
ʻO nā lāleʻa a pau, me keʻokoʻaʻole, ka'āina momona aloha a me ka lā. ʻO ka'āina i kūʻoleʻia e kanu i kēia moʻomeheu he loam a he one one, a he mālie ke wahi. Pono nō hoʻi i loko o ke kauwela o ke kauwela ke ulu i nāʻano cherries a me nā cherries o ka manawa pono e like ai, i mea e hiki ai i nā lāʻau ke poke i kekahi i kekahi.
Hoʻopili Sweet Cherries ma ka moku Moscow Pono e laweʻia i ka puna makahiki. No ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka lepo no ke kanuʻana, ponoʻoe eʻike i ke kumu o ke kanuʻana o ke kumu lāʻau o ka lāʻau ma kahi hohonu o 30-80 cm, aʻo ke kikowaena i 2 m. No laila,ʻo ka koho maikaʻi loa e hana i kēia mau mea: e kanu i ka lāʻau ma kahi o nā lua ma kahi pūnaewele.
ʻO ka lua i eliʻia kahi hapakolu piha i ka lepo mai ka lepo a me nā mea hoʻolāʻau. Ma mua o ka paeʻana i lalo o ke kolamu pae. A laila, i waenakonu o ka lua, hana lākou i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, a kau i kahi hua ma luna a kau i ka lāʻau, kanu i ka lua, e waiho ana i 5-6 cm ma luna o kaʻilikai ma hope o ka kanuʻana, ka wai a me ka lepo.
ʻO ka mamao i makemakeʻia ma waena o nā meakanu he 3-5 mika. Heʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mamao i waena o lākou,ʻoiai e hoʻouluulu nā lāʻau ulu.
Nā hana e mālama ai i nā cherries e ulu ana ma ka mokuʻo Moscow: e kūkākūkā ana i ka hoʻouluʻana,'ohihi a me ka momona, a me keʻano e pale ai i nā maʻi a me nā meaʻeha
ʻO kēia mauʻano mea kanuʻaʻole maikaʻi loa no ka nāhelehele, no laila ponoʻoe e hana mau i nā hana maʻemaʻe a puni ka lāʻau.
I mea e pale ai i ka hua mai nā manu mai, pono e uhiʻia ka hua i kahiʻupena ukana maʻamau.
Aia nā lāʻau a pau i nāʻano maʻiʻeha, akā, ua laweʻia nā mea lapaʻau no ka mālamaʻana: pololei ke kālaiʻana, ke hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kanuʻeleʻele, ka maʻalahi liʻiliʻi o ka lepo i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka hoʻouluʻana me nā mea pale.
Hoʻouluʻia ʻO kēia mauʻano lāʻau ʻokoʻa,ʻekolu manawa i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Ke kanuʻana ma waena o nā cherries o nāʻano mea kanu likeʻole e pale ana iā lākou mai nā hulu hau. I kēlā me kēia mauʻauwai, ponoʻoe e hoʻolālā i nā kumu lāʻau me ka pepa keʻokeʻo a i ka hoʻoilo i ka huluhulu iʻole e maloʻo.
No ka hānaiʻana i nā kumu wai e hoʻohana i ka manua wai, a me nā mea hoʻouluʻai no nā hua me nā mea kanu. ʻO kahi wale nō ke kumu kūʻai o ka mea hoʻokomoʻole, a ma hope aʻe.
ʻO kēlā me kēia punawai e ponoʻoe e kālai i nā lāʻau, e wehe i nā lālā maʻi, maloʻo a momona. ʻO ke kauwela a me kaʻohi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā koʻokoʻo.
