I waena o nāʻano koʻikoʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā bipi, kū i waho o Charolais.
ʻO ka poʻe i kohoʻia kaʻaoʻao o ke ala a me kaʻaeʻana e loaʻa kahiʻai maikaʻi.
ʻAʻole hiki ke maʻalahi ka mālamaʻana i nā holoholona nui, akā, e uku maoli nō nā hana a pau, hiki ke maʻalahi, keʻike pono i nāʻano o nā bipi.
Ka moʻaukala o ka hānau
ʻO ka moʻolelo o nā bipi hānai o Charolais heʻene haneli haneli wale nō ia, no ka mea,ʻo ka manawa mua iʻikeʻia nā holoholona ma Farani, ma ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kenekulia 17. Hoʻohālikelikeʻia nā kuʻemena o nā bipi wahine Sharolese i kēia manawa he mauʻano'āina likeʻole me nāʻano likeʻole o kaʻoihana a me nā hiʻohiʻona waho. Ma ka pae aupuni, uaʻikeʻia kahi lāhui hou i ka makahiki 1864, a laila hoʻomakaʻia nā puke mua o ka hoʻokumu helu.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, pono eʻike muaʻia nā bipi wahine mua loa o Charolais mai nā lālā hou o ka pua, a hoʻohui maikaʻi i kaʻiʻo a me ka waiū, no ka manawa lōʻihi e mālamaʻia nā bipi no ka hana lima.
ʻOiaiʻo ia i kēlā mau lā,ʻo ke kaumaha a me ka hoʻomohalaʻana o nā momona o nā holoholona, he emi iki ia i nā kumukūʻai o kēia wā, akā,ʻo ka ikaika a me ka hoʻomanawanui ikaika i ukuʻia no kēia.
Ua neʻe ka poʻeʻepekema i nā hanana hou no ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka lāhui i ka hoʻomaka mua wale nō o ke kenekulia 20, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā bipi e noho nei ma ka mokuʻo Charol e hele pū me nā pua Shortgon a me Simmentals.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua hana ikaika loaʻia nā bipi wahine Charolais me Brahmins, a ua hana nuiʻia nā hana hoʻokipa i ka heleʻana o kekahi kekena hou - ka huhū maʻAtalia. No ka loaʻaʻana o kēlāʻano holoholona he mea paʻakikī loa ia, no ka mea i hiki ai ke holo i ka puke kula, pono ia e holoholo 75% o ke koko o Charolais aʻo 25% wale nō o Brahmin's.
Mai ia manawa mai, hoʻomakaʻia ka hanauna e kū nei ma muli o ka uluʻana a me ka nui o nā holoholona, a ma hope o ke kaua i nā mea kanu mua, nā kikowaena pūnaewele a me nā hui Aupuni a pau iʻikeʻia. Ma ka moku o Russia a me Ukraine, ua hina waleʻo Charolais wale nō i ka hoʻomaka o nā makahikiʻelua a ke ulu nei i kahi manawaʻole.
Hōʻike a me ka nānāʻana
ʻO ka Charolais no kekahi o ia mauʻano, iʻikeʻia e ka moekolohe pili i kona mau lālā. ʻO ke kauʻana,ʻo ka wahine he meaʻuʻuku iho i ke kāne i ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona o waho o ke kūkuluʻana i ke kino, e emi iki ana ma kona kua. E noʻonoʻo i nāʻano o kēlā me kēia wahine ma kahi kokoke.
Aia nā pua holoholona o nā bipi i ka poʻo hina o Kazakh, limousine, Hereford, Highland, Kalmyk, a me Shorthorn.
ʻO Bull
ʻO ke kaumaha o ka bipi nui loa o kēia pua, ua hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 mau kiki, akāʻo kēia kaʻoi aku o kaʻoi aku o ka hanaʻana aʻo ka nui o nā kāne'ē aʻe -ʻo kahi o 1000-1600 kg. Akā, heʻano nui loa kā lākou a pau a ulu i 165 knm i ka maloʻo.
Aia ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona waho o nā holoholona:
- Ka hale noho i ka pohā o ka Sharolese rectangular, i pāloihiʻia, i hoʻonuiʻia i loko o ka umauma.
- ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kukui o ke kāne he 220 cm, me ka pahu he 90 cm.
- I nā'ōpili i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ka nui o ka muscle maʻamau, me nā pūpū i ka umauma a me nā'ūhā. ʻO nā wēlau o nā kāne a me nā wāhine he haʻahaʻa, akā he ikaika, a ua like like ka lakio o ke kua i mua a me ka mua o ka torus.
- ʻO ke poʻo - liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, me ka lobe mua mua a me nā pepeiaohao nui ma ke poʻo.
- Kaʻili -'āpana pono, a puni ka'ā'ī i kaʻohiʻia i nā'āpana nui me nā lauoho pokole.
- Ka hōʻiliʻili momona ma lalo o kaʻiliʻaʻole i kapaʻia e like me ka nui o nāʻano meaʻai'ē aʻe, aʻo ka ikaika nui i loaʻa i ke kino o ka bipi mai kaʻai e lilo i ka loaʻaʻana o ka puʻupuʻu maʻi.
Hala nā holoholona a hiki i kaʻelua makahiki, no laila hikiʻole iā lākou ke kapaʻiaʻo ke kakahiaka,ʻoiai me ka maikaʻi o nā meaʻai i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
Nā bipi
Ma waena o nā bipi o ka'āina Charolais, aia kekahi mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo ma nā mea kaupaona: iʻoi aʻe paha kekahi mau holoholona i nā koina o 800 kg. Eia naʻe, e hoʻopili ka hapa nui o nā holoholona i ka nui o ke kaumaha ma ka laulā 600-750 kilomeka (me ka uluʻana o 1-1.55 m), akā,ʻaʻole lawa kēia mau kumukūʻai inā uluʻoe i holoholona no ka meaʻai.
E like me nā bipi,ʻo ka lau o ka lauoho lauoho e like ia me kaʻulu me kaʻulu malu i nā leo keʻokeʻo, akā he nui nā māmā o nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne.
He mea nui! ʻO nāʻino o waho o ka pua e komo pū i loko o kahi sacrumʻano hale, kahi hoʻokalakupua o ke kumukānāwai, he palupalu a hoʻokuʻuʻia nā pūwaehiwi.
No nā hiʻohiʻona waho,ʻo ka mea mua, uaʻikeʻia nā wāhine:
- nui, kokoke i nā leʻaleʻa a pau;
- ka lōʻihi kukupa (akā,ʻaʻole i like ka nui o ka bipi)
- keʻano o kaʻepa (e like paha me ke kao);
- ke poʻo liʻiliʻi me nā kiwi keuʻole.
Ka bipi
Hānau nā bipi kauō Charolais i nā bipi nui kūpono me ke kaumaha o ke kino o 55 a 70 kg (ʻo ka 30 mau kumu kūʻai he nui). Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole kēia he nui a me he mea liʻiliʻi, ma muli o ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka nui o nā mea make:ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ka palekana o nā'ōpiopio i 92%, aʻaʻole i hala aku i ka 90% o nā keiki bipi a pau iʻeono mau makahiki.
ʻO nā hopenaʻino o kēlā me kēiaʻano a no ka bipi wale nō: nā hihia pinepine no ka mālamaʻana i ka placenta a me ke kāpena o nā cysts ma nā ovaries. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā keiki olama a me ka loaʻaʻana o ka kaumaha.
ʻO keʻano o nā keiki bipi o kēia'ōpili i nāʻano he nui e pili ana i nā mea'ē aʻe o nā lālā liʻiliʻi'ē aʻe o kaʻoihana o ka meaʻai,ʻo ia wale nō ke hāʻawiʻia mai e kahi'ōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo paʻa, a me ka lahilahi.
ʻAʻole e like me nāʻanoʻokoʻa'ē aʻe,ʻaʻole i'ōleloʻia nā keiki bipi Charolais e hoʻohuli i ka meaʻai i ke kakahiaka nui a laweʻia mai ka makuahine mai, no ka mea ua pilikia kēia i nā pilikia kino.
Nāʻano meaʻai a me nā meaʻai
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, akā me ka maikaʻi o kaʻiʻo o kaʻiʻo, hiki i ka Charolais pua ke hāʻawi i kahi waiū maikaʻi maikaʻi loa, iʻikeʻia e kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hanaʻana:
- ka nui o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki - 2000-4000 liters;
- ka momona momona - 3.5-4.5%, me kahi mea protein i 3.2-3.4;
- ka hua o nā holoholona make - a hiki i 65%;
- ʻo ka meaʻai a me nā meaʻono keʻano o ka pipi'ōniu me kaʻawaʻawa momona, a mālamaʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona inā ua hoʻounaʻia kekahi holoholona kahiko no ka pepehi.
Keʻike neiʻoe? No ka loaʻaʻana o kaʻoihana he 200 kg mai ka mea holoholona maʻemaʻe mai ka holoholona hoʻokahi, ua hānaiʻia ka bipi Pelekāne me ka meaʻai i nā meaʻai no nā liʻiliʻi he 136 mau lā. ʻO nā meaʻoluʻolu, akāʻo nā huila maloʻo, mai hāʻawi i nā bipi.
Nā ikaika a me nā nāwaliwali
He mau pono a hoʻoponopono nā lālā o nā holoholona mahiʻai, kahi e alakaʻiʻia ai ka poʻe hoʻokele i kahi koho. No laila, ke makemake nei mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā hopena a me nā pōʻinoʻole o nā bipi wahine Charolais. ʻO nā kumu kūponoʻole o kēia mau holoholona nui he:
- kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mālamaʻana a me ka hoʻololi houʻana o nā kinetic material, me ka hoʻohuiʻana i loko o kēlā me kēia o nāʻano o ka hoʻohālike o ka lāhui;
- nā hōʻailonaʻai kiʻekiʻe, ma waena o nāʻanoʻokoʻa o nā meaʻai'ē aʻe;
- ka hoʻomanawanui, nā hana kūpono maikaʻi e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke hoʻololi koke i nāʻano likeʻole o ka hoʻopaʻaʻana (ʻo nā kumu kū'ē, paha, nā'āpana me nā hoʻololi o ka pāmahana a me nā hoʻomehana honua nui āpau);
- ka hiki i ka pepehi bipi i nā malamaʻehā;
- aiʻole ka meaʻaiʻole: ināʻaʻole hiki ke komo i nā kula, nā holoholona e loli koke i ke kaumaha o ke kino a ma ka hānai i hānaiʻia;
- ka mālamaʻana i nā'āpana hoʻolālā o ka pipi, ma waena o nāʻelele kahiko, me ka nānāʻole i ka manawa o ka luku.
He mea nui! Noho mau nā bipi wahine Charolais ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki.
No nā hemahema o ka hānauʻana i kēia mau holoholona nui, ma waena o ka papa nui emit:
- ka manaʻo kiʻekiʻe o nā bipi a me nā bipi e mālama ana i nā keiki bipi, no ka mea ua lilo lākou i mea weliweli i nā kānaka;
- ka'ōpiopio paʻakikī me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makeʻana o nā keiki bipi a me nā pilikia me ka'ōnaehana hānau o nā wāhine, aʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e alakaʻi pinepine ai i ka make;
- nā maʻi pilikino e lilo i ka hemahema o ka naʻau i nā keiki keiki hou;
- ka hikiʻole ke hoʻohana i ka hua o nā bipi no ka hoʻohuiʻana o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā keʻa, no ka mea, hiki i ka nui o ka bipi keiki ke hoʻopiʻi i nā pilikia ma ka hāpaiʻana a me ka manawa hānau.
ʻO ka'āina Charolais heʻano maikaʻi loa ia o nā pipi no ka uluʻana ma nāʻano pālahalaha a me nā pā nui, akā,ʻaʻole i kūpono kēia mau kānaka nunui no ka mālamaʻana i nā kula o nā mea kanu.