ʻO nā moa liʻiliʻi he nui loa i nā maʻi e hana pinepine i ka make ma ka pule mua o ko lākou ola. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he paʻakikī no ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana o ka mea mahiʻai pāʻani i nāʻano likeʻole o nā maʻi e hiki ai, akā eʻikeʻoe i nā mea maʻamau. Ma kēiaʻatikala, e hoʻolohe mākou i ka pilikia likeʻole me ka pullorosis, a haʻi iāʻoe e pili ana i kona mau hōʻailona, ka hōʻailona a me ka lāʻau.
He aha kēia maʻi
ʻO ka manawa o ka pullorosis (Pullorosis) kahi i hoʻomaopopoʻia heʻano maʻiʻeha o ka moa e pili ana i nā'ōpū, nāʻano parenchymal, a me ka hāpai i ka emiʻana o nā'ōpū o nā meaʻeleʻele i nā mākua.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka manawa mua, ua hōʻikeʻia i ka maʻi nui ma kahi maʻi i ka makahiki 1889 maʻEnelani, akā he inoa'ē aʻe kona - "salmonellosis manu".
Ma'Europa, uaʻike pinepineʻia ka maʻi i nā manu'ōpio, akā i loko oʻAmelika Huipūʻia, ua hōʻehaʻia i ka wā kahiko. No ka lōʻihi, uaʻikeʻia nāʻano o ka pullorosis e ka poʻe mahiʻai hānaiʻelua mau pilikia kūikawā me ko lākou mau inoa: "ka moa wela" a me "ka maʻiʻena moa keʻokeʻo."
Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kēia mahele ma nā kumu kumu i kākauʻia, akā naʻe ma hope aku ua hiki i nāʻepekema ke hōʻoia i kahi o nā mea maʻi likeʻole. I kēia lā, ua paʻa kēia maʻi i nā wahi a pau o ka honua, akā pinepine ka hopena i nā moa. 
ʻO ka pathogen a me ka pathogenesis
ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻopuka i kēia maʻi,ʻo Salmonella pullorum gallinosum - "g-shaped", he lāʻau paʻa i nā kihi.
Hiki iā mākou e heluhelu e pili ana i ka mea e hana ai inā pau nā moa, no ke aha i loaʻa ai i nā moa he'ēheu i lalo, no ke aha e loli ai nā moa i kekahi i ka mea e hana ai inā he wāwae ko ka moa a ināʻaʻole lākou e ulu.
ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻiaʻana o ka maʻi e loaʻa mai kahi manu maʻi i kekahi mea olakino ma nāʻano penei:
- ma o nā feces (ka mea hana i ka mea hana nui no 100 mau lā);
- ka'āina i loko o ka coop chicken (Salmonella pullorum gallinosum hiki ke noho no 400 mau lā);
- me ka hoʻokaʻaʻike pololei i waena o nā manu.
I ka manawa o ka manu manu, hana ka pathogen i ka hanaʻana o nā exotoxins, a e alakaʻi i ka pīpī kūpono o nā'ōpomo a me nā moa iʻike muaʻia. Hiki keʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ka liona i kēlā me kēia hihia, no ka mea, he nui ka hopena o ka makahiki o ka moa a me ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi. 
No laila, me ka makeʻana o nā moaʻelua aʻekolu paha mau lā,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hikiʻana o ka mea maʻi i loko o nā'okena, no ka mea, ua wikiwiki ka holoʻana o ka pullorosis. I kekahi lā ma hope aku,ʻo nāʻano maʻamau ka mea e alakaʻi i nā hoʻololi āpauʻole i loko o nā'ōpū o nā'ōpū o loko, e weheweheʻia ma ka lohi pinepine.
Hoʻololi pinepine ka hoʻololi i nā'ōpū (hiki i ka mimihana a me ka hemorrhage), ka moʻo a me ka ate, aʻo ka mea hope hoʻi e hoʻololi i kaʻahu, e lilo i lepo.
E nānā i nā hōʻailona a me nāʻano o ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi o ka moa.
Ma ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana i nā puʻupaʻa a me nā lure o ka moa kua make, hiki ke loaʻa ka paʻakai, aʻikeʻia ka lameness i nāʻano meaʻai a me nā hybrids broiler. ʻO kaʻikeʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi e kōkua iā ia e hoʻoholo i kahiʻano i pili iā ia, aʻo ia ka mea e maʻalahi ai ka hana o ka mālamaʻana. E noʻonoʻo i nāʻano likeʻole i kokoke. 
Nāʻano a me nā hōʻailona o ka pullorosis
ʻEkoluʻano pullorosis, eʻikeʻia kēlā me kēiaʻano e kona mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa.
Māmā māmā
ʻO ka ulu wikiwikiʻana o ka maʻiʻaʻole i ka hopena i ka make, akā,ʻo ka hānai kua lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi, e waihoʻia ma hope o ko lākou mau hoaʻohana i ka ulu.
ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi ma kēia hihia:
- ia e ulu ana i nā nawaliwali;
- ka hōʻeha i ka neʻeʻana o nā moa;
- nā pale umauma a me nā puʻu'ōpala;
- ka hanu ana ma ka waha o ka waha;
- nele i kaʻona;
- nā pilikia me ka digestion a me keʻano o nā mea huna bacteria o ke kūkomo mucous (pinepine e paʻi i ka fluff a pāpā i kaʻike).
ʻO keʻano, ma nā hōʻailona mua loa, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka poʻe mai i ke koena o ka heluna kanaka a hoʻomaka e hoʻomake.Hoʻopau
ʻO kēiaʻano pullorosis ka hopena maʻamau i nā'ōpiopio'ōpio ma hope oʻelua pule o ke ola.
E heluhelu hou e pili ana i ka mea e like me nāʻohe broiler, pehea e hānai ai iā lākou me ke kūpono, no ke aha e hoʻomohala ai i ka moa i ka moa, i ka mea e pono e komo i loko o kahi pahu hana mua o ka moa chickens, pehea e mālama ai i nā maʻi'eleponaʻole a me nā maʻi pīpī.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i kēia hihia, penei:
- ka ulu a me ka uluʻana;
- ka lohi iki;
- ho'ēmi i ka makemake;
- ʻoluʻolu palekana;
- nā helehelena kaumaha;
- nāwaliwali;
- 'ōwili i ka'ōpū;
- ka momona
I ka wāʻelemakule, hiki i nā hen ke loaʻa i kahi hāʻule hāʻule i ka hana hua. Me ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i kēia maʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi, he nui ka maʻi o ka manu, i hōʻikeʻia e ka wahine. 
Hōʻike
ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nāʻano pullorosisʻano'ē, heʻano kūpono keʻano hoʻololi-anatomical ma hope o ke kino o ka manu:
- nā paukū keʻokeʻo ma cesspool;
- ka pūpū i puhiʻia me nā hemorrha liʻiliʻi ma loko;
- maikaʻi i ka necrosis ma nā'ōpū o loko;
- nā meaʻeleʻele uliuli i loko o ka gallbladder;
- ka liʻiliʻi o nā pūpū, ka'ōpū i ka'ōpū a me ka līʻana o ka oviduct ma nā papa;
- I kekahi manawa ua nininiʻia nā mea i loko o ka'ōpū i loko o ka lua o ka'ōpū, kahi e ulu ai ka'ōmole.
- Nestlings i keʻokeʻo i loko o ka hua manu ma mua o ka paleʻana eʻikeʻia me kahi'ōmole yolk.
- ma ka moa huluhulu make, loaʻa ka'ōmole i ka loaʻaʻole (i kekahi manawa uaʻikeʻia kona mau mea i loko o nā manu makeʻehā mau lā).
Hiki keʻikeʻia kēia mau hoʻololi waleʻana ma hope o ka makeʻana o ka manu ma hope o ka weheʻana.
Nā ho'āʻo diagnostics a me ka hoʻolāʻauʻana
No ka māla hānai makaʻala, eʻikeʻia ka nui o nā maʻi o ka pullorosis i ka nānāʻana i nā holoholona, akā inā he nui ka make o ka manu no ka kumuʻole, a laila,ʻo ka huliʻana i nā kino make o nā moa make e kōkua i ka hōʻailona koho.
He mea nui! ʻO ka mea maʻamau, 5-10 mau pūpū o ka moa a 30 paha o ka pahu waikomo i loko o ka hua manu no ka hōʻoiaʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ka hale hen.
No kēia kumu, lawelaweʻia nā microscopy a me nāʻano biomaterial, a me ka maʻi salmonella e kōkua ai e hoʻoholo i ka hikiʻana mai o ka mea maʻi. Hiki keʻikeʻia kahi diagnostical pololei o ka pullorosis keʻikeʻia ka pulupū o S pulp, no ka mea, ho'ākāka pinepineʻia nā loli o loko e nā hana o nāʻano Salmonella. 
Hoʻopiʻiʻia nā pāpili me nā pulletʻeleʻele i loko o ka ola i ke 50-55 mau lā a me ka pukaʻana o ka paepae puka 45%. I kēia hihia, hoʻohana nā kānaka loiloi i nā ho'āʻo kūikawā no KRK a me KKRNG.
No ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kahi hewa hoʻokolohua, hiki i nā lā he 4 ma mua o ka hoʻolālā e noiʻia ai, nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻai o nā meaola holoholona e hoʻopau loaʻia mai kaʻai hānai, a me nā lā he 10 ma mua o kēia hanana, pono ia e ho'ōki i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kekahi lāʻau.
Paipai mākou i ka heluhelu e pili ana i ka hoʻoholoʻana i ka wahine o ka moa, pehea e lawe ai i nā moa he mau lā, pehea e hānai ai i nā moa ma hope o ke kapuahi, a me ka hele ponoʻana i nā moa.
Keʻikeʻia, hoʻokahi o nā hana nui o kahi mea lapaʻau ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kūʻana o nā maʻi likeʻole: aspergillosis, eymeriosis, colibacillosis, hypovitaminosis, a me ka lāʻau make.
Pehea a me ka mea e mālama ai i ka pullorosis
ʻO ka hōʻoia kūpono o nā moa a me nā moa mākua e hiki ke ho'ōlaʻia, a no ia mea, hoʻohana lākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau loa. 
ʻO nā papahana o ka hui levomycetin, polymyxins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā lākou iho. Eia kekahi, hoʻonā pinepine nā kauā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, me kahi kālā nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
"Levomitsetin"
"Levomitsetin" -ʻo ka mea kōkua mua i nā mea hānaiʻai. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopau i ka Salmonella wale nō, akā, i nā mea'ē aʻe e hana i ka uluʻana i nā maʻi maʻi. Ma ka manawa like,ʻaʻole i maʻalahi ka mālamaʻana i ka nui o nā moa i ka manawa kūpono, no ka mea, pono ke hānai a inu paha i ka lāʻau iʻekolu manawa ma ka lā.
Nā hana a me ka hoʻomaluʻana:
- Pau ka papa i ka wai a inu i ka manu;
- 1 kg o ke kaumaha o ke kino he 30-50 mg o ka mea hana o nā papa, i hoʻokaheʻia i ka 1 lita o ka wai;
- ʻO ka hopena o ka lāʻau maʻi he 1 pule ia, akā inā ua nalowale ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi ma mua, hoʻohana pinepineʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
I ka loaʻaʻana o "Levomitsetina" a me ka hōʻailona pololei o ka pulloz e kūpono a me kona ala like - Floricol. E like me ka mea i hala, ua inu nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manu i kahi hoʻonui o 0.1% no nā moa liʻiliʻi a me 0.02% no nā holoholona iʻoi aʻe ma mua oʻehā mau pule.
Hiki iāʻoe ke heluhelu e pili ana i nā mea e hiki ke hāʻawiʻia i nā moa, pehea e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka greens, pehea e hānai ai i nā moa mai nā lā mua o ke ola, a pehea e hāʻawi ai i nā pua laʻau e hoʻoulu i nā moa.
ʻO Polymyxin
ʻO kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa a me nā mea kūʻai aku i kēia huiʻo Kolimitsin -ʻaʻoleʻo Salmonella wale nō ka mea e luku ai, akā,ʻo kekahi mau hua bacteri kinoʻole, ma keʻano, kū'ē i ka hana o nā tetracyclines, streptomycin, a me Levomycetin.
ʻO keʻano o ka palapala like i like me kaʻaoʻao o mua (hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia i ka wai), a no ka mea hana, a laila 5-10 mg o ka waiwai hana e hāʻule ma 1 kg o ke kaumaha ola. ʻO ka papa hana he 5-7 mau lā. 
Nā Hua'ōlelo
Mai ka hui puʻupuʻu o ka antibiotic, hoʻohana nuiʻia nā Bioethine i ke kaua me ka mea hana pullorosis, ka mea i hoʻolakoʻia e like me ka mea lūlū a me kahi hanu inuwa.
E like me Kolimitsin, uaʻona i nā manu me ka wai, ma keʻano hoʻokahi - 5-10 mg i ka 1 kg o ke kaumaha ola o ka manu. Eia kekahi, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā lāʻau me kahi'āpanaʻai liʻiliʻi a hāʻawi i ka moa i loko o ka hebedoma.
He mea nui! ʻO "Biomitsin" keʻano o kahi hana kūpono loa i nā maʻi bacteria, akā maikaʻi ka maikaʻiʻole i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā maʻi viral and protozoal, no ka mea,ʻo ka lāʻau wale nō e hoʻoneʻe i ka microflora synergistic.
ʻO kahiʻano likeʻole o ka "Biomitsin"ʻo iaʻo "Biovit", no ka hui hoʻokahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻopilikia ia i ka hana o nā maʻi pullorosis a me nā maʻi pilikino likeʻole. 
I kēia hihia, no ka 1 kg o ke kaumaha kaulike he 0.63 mg o ka mea hana. No nā'ōpili'ōpili e kūʻaiʻia he 1 kg, e like me ka 70 g o nā mea maloʻo e pono ai, no laila, 9 g o ka hoʻomākaukauʻana ua lawa ia no kahi kilokilo o kaʻai.
Nā Fluoroquinolones
ʻO nā lāʻau'alopelo a pau o kēia pūʻulu he mea nui loa ia i ka paleʻanaʻaʻole i ka maikaʻi wale nō, akā,ʻo ia hoʻi nā microorganganu'āhiuʻole, kahi e hoʻohanaʻia ai lākou e mālama i nā maʻi o nā mea moa a me nā holoholona mahiʻai.
Ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kaulana loa, penei:
- ʻO'Eneromag. I ka mālamaʻana i nā moa, e hoʻohana i ka hopena no ka hoʻoponopono ākea me ka holoi muaʻana i 5 ml o ka hana i 10 liters o ka wai. Hoʻopiliʻia ka 10% solution ma hope o ka hoʻopiha muaʻiaʻana i ka 1 liter o ka wai. Ke hōʻoiaʻia ka hōʻailona, ua hāʻawiʻia ka manu i lāʻau lapaʻau no 5 mau lā, e likeʻole i ka lawaʻana o ka papa hanaʻekolu lā.
- "Baytril". Me kahi'āpana liʻiliʻi o kaʻohana hānai, ke hanaʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ka huiʻana i 5 ihole i ka 1 lita o ka wai i loko o kahi papa o 3 mau lā. Ma hope o ia, ma hope o ka haʻiʻana i 7 mau lā, ua hāʻawiʻia nā moa i nā māla huaʻai e kōkua i ka hoihoiʻana i ka microflora maʻi.
- "Kolmik-E". Ke hāʻawiʻia nei kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manu. ʻO ka helu o kēlā me kēia lā he 5-10 mg ia 1 kg o ke kaumaha ola o ka manu,ʻo ia hoʻi, 50 ml o ka mea hana i hiki ke laweʻia no 100 liters o ka wai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mālamaʻana no nā pullorosis a me nāʻano salmonellosis'ē aʻe he 5 mau lā.
- "Enrofloxacin". Hoʻokumuʻia ka hopena ma ke kumu o ka nui o ka wai i inuʻia e ka manu. No nā moa maʻamau, 5 ml o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o 10 liters o ka wai, a no nāʻano broiler, hiki ke hoʻonui ikiʻia ka mea. I ka maʻi maʻamau o ka maʻi a ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi o nā maʻi viral, hiki ke hāʻawiʻia he 100 ml no 100 kini o ka wai no ka hānaiʻana.
ʻAʻole i emi ma lalo oʻelima mau lā ka papa hana hōʻailona. No ka mālamaʻana i nā manuʻeleʻele "Enrofloxacin"ʻaʻole hoʻohana, no ka mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hana maikaʻi.
ʻAʻole i emi ma lalo oʻelima mau lā ka papa hana hōʻailona. No ka mālamaʻana i nā manuʻeleʻele "Enrofloxacin"ʻaʻole hoʻohana, no ka mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hana maikaʻi.He mea nui! Pono kekahi o kēia mau hanana e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā wale nō, i ka lā aʻe e pono ke hui hou.
Sulfanilamides
Hoʻomaʻiʻia nā lāʻauʻaila, i hoʻohana pinepineʻia no nā hana lāʻau holoholona, i ka mea mua, e kapaʻiaʻo "Ditrim". Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma keʻano o ka pauka a me kahi wai inu, pono e huiʻia me kahi wai a meaʻai paha ma mua o ka lawelaweʻana.
No nā'ōmi liʻiliʻi,ʻo ka hopena maikaʻi loa ka hānaiʻana i ka paila mai ka 1 ml o ka hopena a me ka lita o ka wai. ʻO ka papa hana he 3-5 mau lā. I nā lā i hala mua, hāʻawi ka sulfonamides i ka manu i loko o nā mea pālua e hiki ai ke kāpena nui i ka uluʻana o salmonellosis a me microflora pathogenic ma lalo o ka hopena o nā meaʻanoʻinoʻeha. 
Ma keʻano maikaʻi, hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ka hopena, akā,ʻo ia nā māhele o ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohanaʻia i ka mālamaʻana i ka pullorosis.
Hoʻomākaukau pāʻani
No ka hoʻomaluʻana i nā pullorosis o ka moa,ʻaʻole wale i hoʻomākaukauʻia, akā, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā papa hana hoʻomākaukau, e hoʻohui i nā mea hana ikaika loa i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Eia kekahi laʻana, ponoʻoe e hoʻolohe iā Eriprim pauka, kahiʻelua mau lāʻau'alopelo a meʻelua sulffanilamides: colistin, tylosin, sulfadimidine, trimethoprim.
Hoʻokahi kilogram o ka huiʻana e lawa no ka 1000 liters o ka wai, akā ināʻoe e hoʻokuʻu i ka hua me ka meaʻai, a laila 1000 kg o ka hua i hoʻopauʻia e pono ka 1.5 kg o "Eriprim". ʻO ka papa hana he 3-7 lā.
ʻO keʻano'ē aʻe, hiki ke kapaʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kapaʻia "Dolink" (hui pūʻia o doxycycline a me lincomycin) a me "Avidox" (doxycycline me colistin). Hoʻokomoʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka moa me ka hānai a iʻona paha i kaʻaha he 0.1% no 5 mau lā. 
ʻO ka meaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa e nānāʻia heʻano like o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lāʻau antimicrobial a me nā hoʻopihapiha lāʻau e hoʻoulu i ka pūnaewele āpau a pale i ka microflora'ōpū.
Nā hana palekana
ʻO nā maʻi aʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ke pale aku ma mua o ka hanaʻana i nā mea kanu, no laila, ma nā pā kanu kūʻokoʻa, a ma muli o ka hoʻouluʻana o ka moa, i mea e pale ai i ka uluʻana o ka pullorosis, pono e mālama i kekahi mau mea pale.
Ma nāʻano o nā mahi mahiʻai he mea ia:
- ka nānā mauʻana i nā holoholona, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka manawa o ka paleʻana o ka moa;
- ʻike piha i 50-55 mau lā o ka makahiki aiʻole ma hope o 45% o ka huahana;
- ka hānaiʻana i nā meaola wale nō me ka hānaiʻana i ka hānai kiʻekiʻe a me ka hālāwaiʻana i nā pono o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke olakino;
- ʻo ka disinfection manawa kūpono o ka lumi a me ka pupuhi me ka mālama pono i nā meaola.
- E kūʻai i nā moa (a iʻole nā hua no ka hoʻopunipuni) wale nō mai nā mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo i hōʻikeʻia, me kaʻikeʻana i ka hōʻikeʻana i ko lākou ola kino;
- me ka moa,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke kūʻai koke i ka meaʻai me nā meaʻai huaʻai i maʻa mauʻia e lākou (hoʻololi iki i nā meaʻai'ē aʻe);
- pono ke halihaliʻia i nā manawa a me ka wai ma kahi mua o ka mahiʻai i nā manawa he nui i ka lā me ka wehe ponoʻiaʻana o nā meaʻai a pau i hoʻopiliʻia;
- inā he mau moa i loko o ka hale moa, e hoʻonohonohoʻia nā malihini hou i kahi kaʻawale i loko o kahi lumi maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka wā e ulu a ulu a ikaika;
- Maiʻae i ka hoʻopiliʻana o nā moa me nā manu hihiu:ʻo lākou ke halihali i nā maʻi,ʻo ia hoʻi, a me nā pullorosis;
- i ka mālamaʻana i nā moa, he mea pono e hoʻololi i nā kāmaʻa a me nāʻaʻahu iʻole e kāpae pono i ka maʻi;
- i ka manawa e hiki ai, uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka pullorosis he maʻi leʻaleʻa, akā,ʻaʻole ia he hoʻoponopono no ka heluna kānaka a pau. ʻO ka hōʻaiaʻana i ka wā kūpono e kōkua i ka palekanaʻana i nā hopena kūkala, a me ka mālamaʻana i ka mālamaʻana i nā mālama a pau e hoʻopau loa i ka hiki o ka hopena.
Keʻike neiʻoe? He papahana pohaku ka loko iʻa a heʻoi aku ka nui o 7000 mau pores. He mea nui loa kēia hiʻohiʻona no ka ulu a me ka uluʻana o ka moa i loko. Ma ke ala,ʻo nā hua mai kahi iʻikeʻia ai nā'alela ka mea iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā hua me ka wahine wahine i loko.No laila, ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa, pono eʻike hou i kaʻike i hōʻikeʻia.
Nāʻike mai ka pūnaewele
