ʻO ka poʻe Lūkini,ʻaʻoleʻo lākou wale nō, ke makemake nei eʻai i nā pā lole mushroom.
I loko o Rūkūʻo Rusia, he mau kūlana kēia no kēia, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻomaopopo i nā haʻakai mai nā mea hikiʻole.
No ka mea, he mea maikaʻi kēia no kaʻikeʻana iā lākou.
ʻOiʻia nā Pūmakai
Nui nā hapalua o lākou i loko o Rūkia. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻonaʻano o ka mea maʻamau o lākou e hōʻikeʻia i kāu mau hiʻohiʻona ma lalo nei.
ʻO ka mea ulaʻula
ʻOiai ua kapaʻiaʻo Boletus a keʻokeʻo paha, a ma ka Latin Boletus edulis. 
ʻOi ʻo ia kekahi manawa e hōʻea i ka hapalua mika ke anawaena,ʻoiai ka nui o ka nui maʻamau mai ka 7 a 30 knm. E pili ana i ka hola a me ke aniau, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i kahi keʻokeʻo e hoʻonʻalu ai,ʻaʻohe hiki ke nānā aku i keʻanoʻeleʻele a iʻole ka fibrous me nā paona, ka mucous i Māmā a maloʻo paha.
'Oko ʻaʻole i keʻokeʻo - aia heʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, melemele (lemon), nāʻulaʻula a me nāʻalani, a me ka māheleʻoleʻia - he māmā nāʻaoʻao o ka pāpale a he manawa kekahi e hāʻawi ai i ka melemele a keʻokeʻo paha.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Aia ma lalo iho oʻelua mau pahu dālā inoa o ka hakina paʻakai i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā wahi Lūkini. ʻO ka mea nui loa - ka ululā lāʻau, ka wahine hānau, ka bear, ka pan, kaʻoiaʻiʻo a, a ka hope loa, kahi mushroomʻoihana. ʻO paha paha kēia, e hōʻike ana i kaʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo kaulanaʻo Soviet B.P. Ua mālamaʻo Vasilkov, no ka hopena o nā makahiki he nui o ka noiʻiʻana, e hoʻolālā i nāʻano heloʻelima he 18, me ka hoʻohuiʻana iā lākou i kahi'anoolaola hoʻokahi.
ʻO kahi keʻokeʻo, maikaʻi, kahi kino ikaika e hūnā i lalo o kaʻili i ulu a kokoke. I nā haʻiki e pili ana i ka makahiki, hoʻololiʻia ke mele mele. Ināʻeleʻele ka pāpale, a laila ma lalo pono'ī paha, aia kahi'ōmaʻomaʻuʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha. ʻOiai ka'ōpala o ka mushroom,'āpilikiʻi ke kino o kona io.
Kaʻao he nui loa ka boletus - i kekahi manawa iʻoi aku ka nui o ka mānoanoa ma mua o 10 knm, akā naʻeʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o 7 cm. ʻO ke kūlana he kiʻekiʻe ia o 12 knm, akā i kekahi manawa heʻuʻuku (hiki i ka 8 knm), aʻoi aku (a hiki i 25).
E aʻo pū e pili ana i nā pono o nā haʻalulu keʻokeʻo, pehea e hoʻomaopopo ai i kahi mushroom keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā hahaʻi maʻemaʻe no ka hoʻoilo, pehea e hoʻokuʻu ai i nā hamoʻi keʻokeʻo.
ʻO keʻano o nā wāwae wāwae he like me ka pahu, a ma kekahiʻano'ē aʻe - he wahine. ʻO nā hoʻololi pili i ka makahiki e hāʻawi iā ia i keʻano o kahi cylinder me kahi waihona paʻa paʻa.
ʻO nā'āpana o nā ululāʻau me kaʻano likeʻole o nāʻano lāʻau,ʻo ia nā wahi o ka uluʻana o ka boronik, akāʻo ka hapanui o nā mea kanu i loko o:
- birch groves;
- oak woods;
- kau paona;
- pinepine pinepine.
I ka manawa like, makemake nā meaʻanaka mushroom eʻimi i nā mea "keʻokeʻo" i loko o nā'āpana ulu (spruce-birch) - e ulu ana i laila, e lilo i meaʻono loa.
He mea nui! ʻAʻole hiki ke hana hewaʻoe i ke kauʻana i loko o ka hīnaʻi, me nā kope keʻokeʻo maoli o kā lāua māhoe, i kapaʻia heʻawaʻawa no kaʻawaʻawa e hohola ana, a hiki ke hoʻopau i ka piha a pau i ka manawa eʻai ai.
ʻO ka uluʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka aiʻole i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻonui nuiʻia nā halaʻi keʻokeʻo mai ka makahikiʻoʻAukake a waena o Sepatemaba, e makemake ana i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka pale o ka pale umauma ma mua o 10 knm. He nui aku nā ilo ma waena o nā lālā i pili i ka makahiki,
ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā'ōhū keʻokeʻo e uhi i nā mea āpau a pau, hoʻohanaʻia lākou:
- hou
- kīʻaha;
- 'ōwiliʻia;
- makai;
- kiʻiʻia;
- maloʻo
No ka hana hana, kahi maloʻo keʻanoʻoi aku.
ʻO ke kino maoli
I inoaʻia ma kēiaʻano, he inoa'ē aʻe kēia inoa: kemoni keʻokeʻo, ka iʻa iʻa, ka wai pulu, ka salmon Pravskian. ʻO ka'ōlelo'enekema manawa hou no kona inoaʻo Lactarius.
Gruzdevaya he kī He papa nui kona, ma ke kaʻina o ka uluʻana, hoʻololi i konaʻano hoʻolālā kūpono i keʻano o kahi haukalo, kahi i'ōwiliʻia ai nāʻaoʻao o kaʻaoʻao. ʻO ka nui o ka diametral mai 5 a 20 knm.
Eʻike i keʻano o nā haʻuki i loaʻa, pehea eʻike ai i ka lāʻau aspen, a pehea kaʻeleʻele, he aha nā pūʻakai maikaʻi.
ʻO ka pehu uhi (skin) he mūmū nui, heʻano'āpana wai āpau o ka'āpana,ʻo ka lelo he pale pale a he mele.
ʻO ka'ōmole a me ka hollow o ka wāwae he mau palena (ke kiʻekiʻe / diameter) o 3-7 / 2-5 cm a ua penaʻia i ka keʻokeʻo a i ka mele mele. 
ʻO ka pulupulu paʻakikī, ikaika loa o kaʻala keʻokeʻo he meaʻono maikaʻi.
ʻO ka hapa nui, akā nā pūʻulu nui loa,ʻo ka uluʻana o nā wahi ulu ma kahi ulu nui a me nā ululāʻau ulu (birch a birch-Pine, pinepine me ka linden i lalo).
Hoʻouluʻia ka huaʻo Gruzdeviy i ka mahinaʻo Iulai-Kepakemapa.
Ma muli o kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ia wale nō ka mea kanu e kanu ai i ka waikaona, aia ma hope o ka weheʻiaʻana o kaʻawaʻawa kūlohelohe, e hoʻolimalimaʻia, ua manaʻoʻia lākou he mau pūʻali manu kūpono, akā e mālama ana i ka wahi mua i loko o kēia māhele.
Keʻike neiʻoe? I loko o ka pīpalikalina i hoʻokaʻina i ka papaʻaina awakea ma Rusia o ka hopena o ka 17st century, ka pies me nā harole kalo, nā hauhi a me ka waiū, a me nā inoa mahana. - me ka waiūpaʻa a me ka wai - ua hoʻopau maikaʻiʻia ia meaʻai no ka nele o nā protein i loko o ke kino.
Hoʻouka
ʻO kēiaʻano mea hoʻokipa nui loa, ma keʻanoʻepekema -ʻo Lycoperdon, i ka inoa mua i kapa aku i kona inoa i kaʻohana ākea ākea, akā ua kohoʻia e nā meaʻepekema i loko o nā pūʻupuhi mushroom, kahi e noho nei. ʻAʻole i heluʻia nā inoa inoa, mai ka meaʻoi loa - keʻokiʻana, ke kupuna kāne paka, damn tavlinka.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka pāpale a me ka wāwae - ua paʻa mau kekahi i kekahi. Hiki keʻokoʻa keʻano o nā kino nui o ke kino, e like me nā mea nunui - a hiki i ka hapalua mika a ma muli o ia, a hiki i ka 10 kilokani kilo. Ke uhiʻia ka'ōpū keʻokeʻo me nā'ōpuʻu likeʻole e hiki ke hāʻule i ka wā e ulu ana.
Ma ka hopena o ke kauwela e hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o nā ululaʻau o Rūkia. I ka meaʻai, hoʻohanaʻia ka uamo e like me ka meaʻaila no ka'ōpala, ma mua o ka kukeʻana, ua laweʻia kahi peʻaʻeleʻele. 
Chanterelle
Hōʻikeʻia i ka inoaʻulaʻula (kalani, kalamele). I kaʻikeʻepekema,ʻikeʻia ma lalo o ka inoa Latinʻo Cantharellus cibarius.
ʻOiai he hua, he kino hoʻokahi kahiʻaʻole kahi palena ma waena o ka pāpale a me ke kī. I ka manawa like, hiki ke weheweheʻia i kahi kaʻawale.
E aʻo pehea e haʻi ai i kahi mele chant mai kahi mele mele maoli, pehea e'elila ai a hoʻokuʻu i nā mele chantlelles.
ʻAi:
- ʻO nā pahi: mai ka liʻiliʻi loa (diameter 2 knm) a pololei loa (12 knm).
- Puka: ke kuhikahi, i kekahi manawa ka palahalaha a pāhahalaha nui, pālahalaha,ʻehaʻeha ma ke kikowaena a me nāʻaoʻao i hoʻopiliʻia, a me keʻano o ka haukalo (ʻo ka mea hope loa i nā mea leʻaleʻa).
- Kaʻili: me kahi'āpanaʻeleʻeleʻoluʻolu, paʻakikī nuiʻia me ka pulp.
ʻAina:
- Nā lahilahi (ke lahilahi / lōʻihi): 1-3 / 4-7 cm.
- Ka pepa: ke kuʻikuʻi ka piko kūkeke mai luna a lalo.
- ʻO ke aniani: maikaʻi, me ka wāwahiʻole.
I kēia manawa e pili ana i ka pulupulu nui-pulupuluʻiʻo, he kīnaʻi hou i ka hukiʻia, penei:
- i lilo ka'ōpiopio i fibrous;
- i loko o ka hearth mushroom e hui pū iʻelua kala - keʻokeʻo i loko a me ka melemele ma nāʻaoʻao;
- aia kekahi meaʻono i kaʻono, a me nā hua maloʻo a me nā aʻa i loko o kaʻono.
- Aia i loko o ka chinessose, eʻike ana i kaʻaeʻana o nā ilo a me nā'ūhā.
Hoʻohui ponoʻia nā pūʻulu Chanterelle i ke kumu pakiaka o ka beech, o ke oak, nā lāʻau spruce a pine. ʻO ka Lūkē Lūkini kūpono no lākou, makemake i nā coniferous a me nā ulu lāʻau ulu, nā lālā i hāʻule, ka moa me ka mauʻu. 
Ua hala i ka mahina mua o Iune,ʻoiaiʻoʻAukake-Sepatemaba,ʻo ia ka hōʻailona he hōʻailona no nā meaʻanaka pua e hele i "chanterelle".
He mea nui! ʻO ka uluʻana ma ka ululāʻau a me ka palahalaha, chanterelle hīmeni, iʻikeʻia e ke alapine o nā papa a me nā pulpulu i hoʻonuanuʻia,ʻaʻole i manaʻoʻia he meaʻai, me ka hōʻike pū kekahi o nā mea'ē aʻe. Mai kānalua!
ʻOiai heʻano likeʻole ka mele mele i kaʻike mai kahi'ōhualua keʻokeʻo, ua pili like me ia no ka piliʻole o kāna hana i ka kukeʻana.
Eia kekahi, he mauʻano maikaʻi hou kona:
- Ma muli o ka chitinmanoza pono'ī he lunaʻoihana maikaʻi loa ia.
- ʻO kekahi polysaccharide i loko o ia - ergosterol - kōkua i ka hōʻolo i nā maʻi lolo.
- Chanterelles nā mea hoʻolaha kūlohelohe i ka kino o ka huaʻo D, nāʻewalu amino amino pono, a me ka zinc a me ke keleawe.
Pākī Larch
ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau inoaʻokoʻa a keuʻole paha no nā pūpū i ka wai, akā, ma nā'ōlelo'enekema Latin ka kapa iā iaʻo Suillus grevillei.
Hiki ke kiʻi i kaʻaila ma keʻano:
- kāpili convex;
- ka houluulu ma kekahi aoao ma luna o kahi papa honua;
- maikaʻi loa, e like me ka pāhola.
ʻO ka koho hope loa e pili ana i kaʻaila me ka ikaika, ma nāʻano mushroom, makahiki. ʻO ka pāpale kepoe he kōmita mai 3 a 15 knm.
ʻO ke kolo mau i uhiʻia i ke kapaʻole, ka makalehu laulaʻa i hāʻawi i ka inoa i kēia mushroom. ʻO konaʻala kelepa he'ōmaʻomaʻu-ʻeleʻele, akāʻo kona pāʻani ke loaʻa mai mai ka lemona a me kaʻalani i ka'ōmaʻomaʻa a me ke kala. 
ʻO ka wahine, he cylinder, aʻo kahi makau kiko likeʻole e like me keʻano o ka hōʻailona, heʻano like me ka pāpale (ʻoiai heʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo me kahi'ōniʻoniʻo), he apo melemele paha a he keʻokeʻo paha ia ma luna, kahi e kau ai nā wāwae i kahi a me ka lemona o ka lemon.
Pulp Eia hou,ʻo ka'ōmele uliuli ('okō kēia kapu i kaʻaila), aia ma lalo pono o ka pāpale he mauʻulaʻula.
Ināʻokiʻokiʻoe i kahiʻohu momona, a laila kona mau kīkole paʻakikī, me kaʻoluʻolu o ke keleʻele, e hoʻololi iki i ko lākouʻano i ka'aliko, i kaʻulaʻula a me ke kala. Ma kaʻaila'ōpiopio, 'aʻole eʻoki keʻoki i keʻoki.
ʻO ka māhele kuhikuhi o ka inoa o ka wai pīpī i laweʻia mai ka wahi kahiko o ka uluʻana - ma nā ululāʻau kahi nui o larch, a ma luna o ke kumu kumu o kēia kumu. E koho nāʻohana i kaʻaila no ke ola piha i ka lepo.
Hiki ke hōʻiliʻiliʻia ka Maslata mai waena o June a hiki i ka mahinaʻOkakopa - ua hoʻopaʻaʻia kēlā mau mea i kākauʻia e nā mea noiʻi. 
Hoʻopukaʻia nā'ōpala mai kēia mau haloha,ʻaiʻia i ka'ōpala,ʻohiʻia lākou i keʻano o ka paʻakai a me ke kope.
He mea nui! Ma mua o ka luʻuʻana i ka waiʻawaʻawa,'ohuaʻia nā pūpū larch no kahi hapahā o ka hola.
Mokhovik yellow-brown
ʻO kēia kekahiʻano iʻa baila, akā no nāʻano likeʻole, ma keʻanoʻepekema - Suillus variegates. Eia kekahi, he nui nā inoa,ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kalaʻaila i kālaiʻia, ka onee, ka pā.
Hōʻaleʻa Hua, e like paha ka nui o ia me ke 5 a 14 knm, e hoʻololi - mai ka hemisphere me nāʻaoʻao i nakinakiʻia i lalo i kahi uluna liʻiliʻi. Ma luna o ke poʻi, aia kekahi mālamalama, e hoʻololiʻia me nā'āpana a me nā'iliki liʻiliʻi i ka makahiki, a nalowale hoʻi i ka hopena o ke ola ola.
Hoʻololiʻia me ke kala o ka membrane mucous o kaʻili - mai ke oho hina me kaʻalima melemele a'ulani paha, a laila e loli ana i keʻulaʻula a laila i ka pale pale ocher. 
Hiki i loko o ka mīmakai mīmī i loko (kahi mīkini a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo o ke kala o ka lemona hōkū me kaʻulaʻula aiʻole kaʻonika ma lalo) e piʻi mai ka lepo a hiki i ke pāpale i 3-9 cm me kahi mānoanoa o ka 3.5 cm.
Pulp ma ka Mokhovik heʻano paʻakikī ia, heʻokoʻa keʻano o kaʻene mele - ma ka pāpaleʻeleʻele, ma ka wāwae he'ōmaʻomaʻo ia, e huli'āuliuli ināʻeha. I ka manaʻo nui, i kaʻonoʻole, ua'ōleloʻia he kumukūʻau pine.
Nānā nā manu lele-ʻeleʻele i ka nohoʻana, e like me kaʻikeʻiaʻana mai kekahi o ko lākou inoa, ma nā kahakai. Eʻike iā lākou i ka holomua i nā coniferous a me nā ulu lāʻau'āpana mai Iune aʻOkakopa. Hiki iāʻoe ke kuʻi ma luna o ka mea holoʻokoʻa, ke'ōleloʻokoʻa, kahi kanu, akā,ʻaʻoleʻikeʻia kahi loaʻa.
Ma muli o ka nele o ka meaʻono i ke kuhi,ʻaʻole i mahalo nuiʻia ka manu lele me nā kapuaʻi. 
Akā,ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā hale hana i kaʻohiʻana iā lākou i loko o ka wai marinade - no ka mea ua lako lākou i nā huaora, i ka huaʻo D, a me nā mea amino (e like me ka meaʻai), ua emi nā halo i nā mea kanu a maikaʻi no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā meaʻai paʻakikī.
ʻO ke kauwela
ʻO Kuehneromyces mutabilis, aʻo ke kālepa ke kauwela,ʻo ia hoʻi ka inoa o nā kyuneromitses, ka lime mele, a iʻole, e'ōlelo maʻalahi paha.
'Aikahi he kī (mai 3 a 6 knm), i ka'ōpiopio a me ka palahalaha, akā me kahi'ōpili e nānāʻia ai nā pōuliuli, me kaʻelemakule i uhiʻia me ka membrane mucous smooth.
ʻO ke kūlana o ka buttonhole, ka mea e pili ana i ka loli ma muli o kaʻilikai - ua liʻiliʻi ke kai aʻeleʻele, aʻo ka lā ipaque me ka liʻiliʻi o ka meli, e pouli ana mai kahi a waena. 
ʻO kahi kapuaʻiʻeleʻele, mālie ka lōʻihi no kahi pēpē (7 cm) ke anawaena o ka 1 knm, kahi'āpana luna māmā i hoʻohālikeʻia me ka pāpale,ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele eʻikeʻia ana ma lalo o ke apo.
Loaʻa pulp Ua like keʻano o ka mellow me ka meaʻala o ka wahie hou. He'ōkoʻomaʻuʻeleʻele konaʻano a me kaʻulaʻula'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele iʻeleʻele i ka wā e komo ai i ka wāwae.
Nui nāʻohana pili. Hiki i loko o nā ulu ulu a me nā'āpana liʻiliʻi i ka wawahiʻeha a iʻole ka palaho.
Inā ma ka makahiki e mau ana kaʻilikai, hiki ke loaʻa nā hala i ka hoʻoilo. Akāʻo ka wā kahiko no kā lākou hōʻiliʻiliʻanaʻoʻApelila-Nowemapa. 
He mea nui! Mai hōhonu i ka malu o ke kauwela me ka likeʻana o nā kiʻi e like me keʻano - Aia ka nui o ka makeʻana. No kaʻaeʻana i kēia, e nānā i ka lalo o ka wāwae - He mea paʻakikī ia i ka haʻaluluʻona, akā i loko o ke agaric ka'ōpala.
Hiki keʻai houʻia nā pūpū.
ʻO ka miki kala
ʻAʻole e like me kaʻaina kauwela,ʻaʻole i loaʻa hou aku nā inoa hou aku i kona hoa helehana, koe wale nō ka Latin Armillaria mellea, hoʻohanaʻia i kaʻikeʻepekema.
ʻO ka weheʻana mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa (mai ka pupuhi i ka mokulele),ʻo ka'ōpale opal, ma nāʻano he nui, nāʻaoʻao o ka'āpana a me kahi pāpiki i pākuʻiʻia e kaʻepa e nalowale ana me kaʻelemakule, me ka pōʻeleʻele i waena keʻole he kala, 'ōmaʻomaʻo).
ʻO ka pāʻani palahalaha e holo ana i loko o nā palena oʻekolu a 10 mau kenimika ke piʻi i 17 knm i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona. 
Miko (1-2 knm ke anawaena) a lōʻihi lōʻihi (a hiki i 10 knm) mushroom nā wāwae iho haʻahaʻa. Aia ma luna o ko lākou māmā'ōmaʻomaʻo me kahi'ōmaʻupaʻi sheen - scaly. ʻOiaiʻoe e iho i lalo i kaʻeleʻele o ka wāwae i kahi'ālehuʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo.
Pulp Mālie kaʻohi o ka'oʻai i ka maikaʻi. In nā kāleʻa heʻaʻahu keʻokeʻo, a laila, e nalowale ana i konaʻano maʻalahi, a ma nā wāwae, aia nā lālā e ulu nei me nā makahiki.
ʻO nā'ōhū maʻamau hoʻokahi wale nō i ka nui loa o nā hihia, nā koleka nui i hoʻopiliʻia i nā kumu lāʻau a me nā ulu lāʻau, e hana ana i ka'ōmaʻa keʻokeʻo i ka lāʻau.
He mea nui! ʻO kaʻike o ka hopenaʻo nāʻohana i loko o nā mīla puʻupuʻu e hoʻoweliweli ana i ka hoʻopukaʻana i nā hua e hiki mai ana - E makaala!
ʻO kahi kūlana kūpono no ka hāʻawiʻana i kēia mau'ōhū, he lapalapa i loko o nā ululāʻau, kahi e loaʻa ai ke kumu i loko o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumukūʻau - birch, oak, alder a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
Hoʻohuiʻia ka hua i ka hāʻule (no ka mea,ʻaʻole i mālamaʻia i loko o ka inoa), hiki i ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana iʻekolu mau hanana - 2-3 mau wiki i kēlā me kēia.
Pine Pine
ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole i kapaʻia e kaʻu mau koloka pinepine, akā heʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻoiaiʻo ka inoa Latina,ʻo ia, hoʻokahi - Lactarius deliciosus. Ma ke poʻo, aia kekahi mau manaʻo o ka meaʻono, hanohano, a pēlā aku.
Paleona Convex he kī Hoʻomaʻaka mālie a hoʻololiʻia i loko o ka pūniu, a hala kekahiʻaoʻao i ke ala mai ka moku i'ōwiliʻia i ka mea pololei. 
Hāʻawiʻia ka momona i ka pale pale, akā ma nā'umeka a pau e pāpale me ke kīni alani, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai nā'āpanaʻeleʻele a me nā apo mai ke kikowaena waena. Hiki iā Ryzhiki ke liʻiliʻi (4 knm) a me ka nui (hiki i 18cm).
Kāhea i nā hollow cylinders Ryzhikov nā wāwae i ke kala e kūlike me ka pāpale a he kiʻekiʻe (mai 3 a 7 cm me ke anawaena o 1.5-2 cm) i like ka nui me kona nui. Hiki keʻikeʻia nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka'āpana o ka wāwae.
Ma hope o ka uhaʻiʻana i ke kino o ke kino, hiki i kekahi keʻike aku i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo lahilahi me ka hoʻololi i loko o ka'ōmoleʻalani e hoʻomaka i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, akā,ʻaʻole i lōʻihi - pau wale ke'ōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO nā ululāʻau nui kahi e pono aiʻoe eʻimi i nā haloo ka ulu lāʻau pine a me nā ululāʻau. Hiki ke loaʻa nāʻohana Fungal i kahi o ka mauʻu a me ka pū. Hoʻomaopopoʻia ka puka kōkuhi o nā mea'anakahula ma hope o lākou mai ka hopena o Iulai a hiki i ka hoʻomakaʻana o Kepakemapa, akā, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻomaka a hoʻomaka i kahi mahina no kēlā me kēia mahina, ma mua a ma hope aku. 
ʻO keʻano nui o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kalo ka mea eʻoluʻolu ai,ʻoiai he maikaʻi loa ia i kaʻaila a me ka piʻo.
ʻEleʻele Row
Ke kapa 'ia' o Gray ka inoa he lalani kalaika, a ma ka'ōlelo Latina Latin ka inoaʻo Tricholoma portentosum.
ʻOi ua kūleʻaʻo ia,ʻaʻohe maʻi. Ma o ka poʻo kumu nui ua maopopoʻo konaʻeleʻele heʻeleʻele, a e hoʻololi ana i nā aka (a hiki i kaʻulaʻula). ʻO nāʻaoʻao o ke ākea, i ke anawaena hiki ke piʻi i 12cm.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe (he 10 knm) ka mānoanoa o ka wāwae no kēia uluʻana (hiki i ka 2 knm) a hoʻonui i ka base. ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻoʻeleʻele a he hina.
Pulp ua like kaʻili i kaʻala o waho o nā wāwae a'ākani e like me ka palaoa. 
Большие колонии рядовки грибники ищут в сосновых лесах, а также в смешанных, но всё равно возле сосен, в том числе среди опавшей хвои. Признаком, свидетельствующим о наличии в данном месте рядовок, может служить находка семьи зеленушек - они, как правило, соседи.
Aia kekahiʻano o nā lālani e like me nā lālani'ōmaʻomaʻo, ka laulāʻulaʻula, kelani keʻokeʻo, ka pae honua, ka lālā poplar.
ʻO ka uluʻana i ka waenakonu o Kepakemapaʻaʻole e pau keʻano ma hope o nā hulu mua a hiki i ka hopena o Nowemapa.
No ka kukeʻana,ʻo ke keleʻele hinaʻeleʻele,ʻoiai iʻoi aku ka nui o ia mea,ʻo ia hoʻiʻo ka'ōpiopio, ke'ānaiʻia a leʻaleʻa. No nā kumu'ē aʻe, ua hoʻolapalapaʻia kēia mau'ōhū (i kahi hapahā o ka hola) - nā kikoo o nā makahiki a pau e kūpono i kēia. 
ʻO Brownberry
ʻO kēia inoa e pili ana i kahi hui nui o nā haloo,ʻo ia mau mea eʻaiʻia.
ʻO ka inoaʻepekemaʻo Leccinum ua pili i nā brown brown:
- (ke'ōleloʻia ma kēiaʻatikala);
- 'opi;
- hōʻole;
- ʻeleʻele hina a me 5 mauʻano likeʻole.
ʻO ka inoa o nā kānaka maʻamau i kapaʻia he birch, a me nāʻeleʻele.
ʻAi'ōpiopio keʻokeʻo'ōpiopio he kī me kaʻelemakule aʻeleʻele, aʻo ka hapalua o ka pōleo, i kēia manawa, lilo ia i piluna. 
Hiki iā ia ke ulu a hiki i 18cm ke anawaena. ʻO ke kūʻana o ka momona nui i loko o ke kaiapuni ke hoʻohālikelike i keʻano o ka hopena pale ma ka pāpale.
Kaʻao kiʻekiʻe a volumous (a hiki i kēlā me kēia, 15 a 3 knm), ua penaʻia kona huele hina a he wahine keʻokeʻo, aʻeleʻele hoʻi nāʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma ia.
Pāleona a keʻokeʻo ka pulp ma lalo o ka pāpale, me kaʻelemakule, ua weheʻia a hoʻopihaʻia me ka wai, aʻo kaʻiʻo o ka pulp kapu ua loaʻa i kahi'ōpili i ka manawa.
ʻO ka uluʻana o nā lāʻau birch i ka nahele,ʻo ia ka hiki ke loaʻa i nā'ōlaʻi. Hoʻopili nā māmā i ka maikaʻi a me nāʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hōʻailona no ka hoʻomakaʻana o kaʻohiʻana,ʻo ia ka pua o ka cherry manu, a pau ka hopena i ka waenakonu o ke kau. 
Wahi a keʻano o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki i kahi brownberry ke hoʻokūkū me kahi'ōhumu keʻokeʻo, kaʻaila, kaʻaila, ka'ū, ka maloʻo, ka piila a me ka maloo.
ʻO Boletus
Heʻokoʻa ka Boletus mai kahi brownberry:
- ka lele o ka pāpale (keʻokeʻo a iʻulaʻula-like, e like me ka lālā aspen);
- ka pulp polū ma hope o kaʻokiʻana;
- i ka nui - ua nui lākou i kahi mana;
- ʻo ka wahi mua o ka uluʻana mai ka inoa.
Kapaʻia nā inoa o kēia mehima me Osinovik a me Krasnogolovik (hoʻohālikelikeʻia, me boletus),ʻo ka inoa Latin o kēia mau pūʻalā like e like me - Leccinum.
No kaʻohiʻana o nā hawakai aspen, ua hoʻihoʻiʻia nā mea kōmihi mushroom i ka hapa mua o Iune, a ke kau nei kēia manawa a hiki iʻOkakopa. 
Ma keʻanoʻaina,ʻaʻole ia i emi iki i kahi brownberry.
Marsh Russula
Marsh Russula (i kapa nuiʻia e like me ka lana lana, a ma muli o kaʻike kepekema - Russula paludosa) e hoʻopili mua i ka nānā me ka pāpale me kahiʻili maloʻo, me ka nani o nā pena keʻokeʻoʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula.
ʻAʻole ka nui o ke anawela o ka bonnetʻai (7-12 knm), he mau'āpana kūpono, kahi lua i waenakonu a me kahi puʻupuʻu nui.
Hiki i ka wāwae paʻa ke paʻakikī a'ōlohelohe, keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo, ma keʻano o kahi manuula a iʻole he wahine,ʻo kona 5 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka lahilahi kenimika. 
ʻO ka pulp'āpiopio keʻokeʻo, ka'ōpiopio i ka'ōpio a me ka weluwelu i ka wāʻelemakule, heʻano momona maikaʻiʻole.
Hoʻokumu nāʻohana liʻiliʻi o syroezhek ma lalo o nā lāʻau coniferous (elive cedar, larch, pine), e like me nā ulu lāʻau ulu. E hōʻiliʻili iā lākou ma ka hopena hope loa a me nā mahina o ka'auwa mua.
I loko o ke kaʻina meaʻai, ke kau nei ka russula i loko o kahiʻano me ka paʻipaʻi, ka paila a me ka paʻakai.
ʻO Champignon ka mea maʻamau
Uaʻikeʻiaʻo iaʻo Pecheritsa, ma kaʻike i kaʻuʻike, heʻokoʻa ka hopena, a heʻanoʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi ia aʻo Agaricus campestris.
Eʻike i ka mea e pono ai ka haʻalulu no ke kino a inā hiki ke ulu i ka home.
ʻO ka pāpale, e ulu ana a hiki i 15 knm ke anawaena, heʻano hemispheric, aʻo kona mauʻaoʻao ua hoʻoluli loa i loko (i ka wā'ōpiopio). 
Ke hoʻomohala nei, i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka pāpale ma kahi pōʻai pālahalaha, a laila - nui ke moe. Aia i waenakonu, he poʻo.
Keʻokeʻo kahi maloʻo (uaʻano'āleʻele hoʻi), i ka nānā a me ka hoʻopāʻana - me nāʻili liʻiliʻi aiʻole silky.
ʻO ka monotonous me kahi pāpale, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka wāwae me nāʻano likeʻole (5-9 / 1-2 cm) ma lalo a, me he mea lā, ua pāhū, i waena (ka hapanui) i hoʻopuniʻia e kekahi apo nui.
Hoʻopiliʻia ke kinoʻeleʻele ma kahi o ka haʻihaʻi.
He mea nui! I loko o ka pū'āhili wahaheʻe, hiki i ka waiʻona,ʻo ka pulp ma hope o ka wāwahiʻana, he melemele, aʻo ia hoʻi, ke kau nei i kahi'āpana hāmole lele (ink). Pono e hoʻomanaʻoʻia kēia mauʻokoʻa.
He mea kupaianaha ka hanaʻana i nā mea kanu - nā mahinaʻai, nā pā kula, nā māla, nā mahi ulu lāʻau, ma keʻano nui, hiki iāʻoe ke hālāwai me lākou ma nā wahi apau (kahi i kapaʻia nā'āpana'ānehi'āpana). No laila, he nui nui o nā hana hoʻokani.
Hoʻokumu nā mea hana laʻa a me nā hale wahine i nā mele i nā papa mua a me kaʻelua, i ke kāhiliʻana, a me ka kukeʻana. Nui nā poʻe eʻoliʻoli i kaʻono a me kaʻala o nā mea mele maʻamau.
ʻO nā pūpū liʻiliʻi
Hoʻonuiʻia ka lapaʻau i nā mea'anakahula kalaiwa, no ka mea uaʻike lākou i ka pilikia o kahi mea make e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i ke ola o kanaka a iʻole ka make paha i loko o ka hīnaʻi me nā hauhi kai.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua hōʻikeʻia nā'ōlaʻi me ka hoʻonaninalima i kēia mau lā ma ka Pākehā o ko mākou'āina i hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima,ʻo ia hoʻi he 3% o ka nui o nāʻano o kēia mau mea kanu.
ʻO ke kula nui
ʻO nā mea leʻaleʻa weliweli i loaʻa i loko o Russia,ʻo ia ka weliweli nui loa i ka pale pale pale (ma ka Latin Amanita phalloides). 
Uaʻikeʻiaʻo iaʻo ia kaʻoihana momona ma ka honua.
Eia hou, i kaʻona, he mea weliweli ia no ka mea e like me kekahiʻano o nā haʻakaiʻohi: nā halaha, nā'ōpala, zelenushkami, etc.
Hiki i kahi'ōpiopio'ōpiopio kahi hua manu i loko o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Hoʻonui a ulu aʻoi:
- he pāpale o kaʻoliva maikaʻi (me keʻano o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hina), a he pālahalaha paha. Hoʻopauʻia ka papakino i nāʻaoʻao laumā. ʻAʻole ka emi o ke anawela ma mua o 5 knm aʻoi aku ma mua o 15;
- ka wāwae, he mea paha he hana o ka'anakamai maoli no ka mea he papa mele no kona (ma ka manawaʻole). ʻO ke kumuʻole, he kama'āina maʻamau ia me ka lahilahi iki. Hoʻohui ke kala i ka pāpale, akā hiki ke maʻa keʻo. ʻO ke anawaena heʻelua a 2.5 knm, aʻo ka lōʻihi he hiki i 16 knm. Aia kekahi'ōmeʻa pila puana i luna o ka wāwae - he hōʻailona hōʻailona no nā mea hoʻoholo i nā mea hihiu;
- ʻo kaʻiʻo keʻokeʻo heʻiʻo, aneaneʻole i ke anoʻole, aʻaʻole nō hoʻi i hiki ke kūpono i kaʻai. ʻO nā makahiki wale nō ka mea e hana ai i ka meaʻalaʻoluʻoluʻole e liloʻole i nā manaʻo maikaʻi.
ʻO nā wahi i hāʻawiʻia i ka pale toadstool he mau'ulupuluʻelua a me nā ulu lāʻau ulu, kahi eʻaʻahu ai i nā kapa komo ma ka'āina momona e kokoke ana i ka beech,ʻo ke oak a me ka hazel, a ulu pinepine i kā lākou mau kumu (me ka mycorrhiza).
Pono pono ke nānā aku i ka wā hōʻiliʻili o ka pale pale - i ka hopena oʻAukake a hala ka hopena.
'Ameleʻo Amanita
Inā mākou e hoʻohana nei i ka "kālaihana psychotropic" manawa hou i nā makana kūlohelohe,ʻo ia wale nō e pili ana i ka mushroom mushroom (Amanita muscaria).
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka hana hoʻomana o Siberian shamanism kahi i kūkuluʻia i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā meaʻona o kēiaʻano hoʻolima.
ʻO ka mea momona loa ma mua no ka pāpale. Hiki iā ia ke ulu i 20 cm (lalo o 8, ma keʻano he pae,ʻaʻole e loaʻa). ʻO Glossʻo ia i loaʻa ma muli o ka hui pū me ke kukui o kahiʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo a me nā kīkā keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe a puni. 
Ua like ka nui o nā'elemena me ka pāpale, me ke anawaena o kona'ōmole'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo a iʻole i'ōpilikiaʻia i 1-2.5'kene: me ka makahiki e huli mai ana mai ka paʻakikī i ka hollow. ʻO ka hale paʻapū e like me ka tuber.
ʻO kahi meaʻala maikaʻi loa o ka pulp keʻokeʻo, aia i lalo pono o kaʻili o kaʻalani a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻa (ma nāʻanoʻelua, he leo mālie loa).
Hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻo Birch a me nā aʻa spruce i keʻanoʻohe e hana i ka mycorrhiza. ʻO nā'āinaʻeleʻele i kahi kūlana Lūkini kūlana kiʻekiʻe - he wahi kūpono no ko lākou uluʻana iʻAukake aʻOkakopa.
ʻO Porphyry Amanita
ʻAʻole wale i kaʻaha (inā heʻuʻuku), akā, nā meaʻono a me nā meaʻono hoʻi, e hikiʻole ke hikiʻole ke komo i kēia momona.
ʻO ka haʻaʻana o ka bele Amanita (Amelika) ka ulu a me ka ulu. Ua uhiʻia ka pāpale me ke ohoʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo, a me ka hoʻohuiʻana i kahi leoʻulaʻula a'ōleʻele paha. He mau lemuʻoluʻolu kona, aʻo konaʻili i ka uhi i ke kaula, i hanaʻia e like me ke kāleka. 
ʻO keʻano liʻiliʻi o ka pāpale (mai 5 a 9 knm ke anawaena) he kūlike me ka 8-13 kenetimita kapuaʻiʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 2 knm ka lahilahi.ʻO kona maha ma kaʻaoʻao lalo he ulu lāʻau hemispheric,ʻaʻole ona ulu; i kekahi manawa e paʻiʻia me nā'ōnaeho moire.
ʻO kaʻeleʻele, e like me kahi mea'alapalaha kikokikona, heʻanoʻala maikaʻi loa ka pulp (pālaʻiʻuala) a me kaʻono (e like me ka radish), ka mea e ponoʻole ai ke hoʻopunipuni i ka mea kalaiwa.
ʻO nā'āinaʻeleʻele kinoʻole ma nā ululāʻau coniferous (aiʻole ia i hoʻopiliʻia me ka wao nahele Forest) he wahi kuʻuna ia no ka uluʻana o amanita pila,ʻo ka wā hōʻiliʻiliʻo ia nā mahinaʻelua hope loa o ke kauwela a me nā kau muaʻelua.
ʻO Sulfur ka honi
ʻO ka Hypholoma fasciculare a me ka sulfur-yellow agaric ka mea hikiʻole ke komo, akā,ʻaʻole i hōʻike maopopoʻia ke kumu o kēia mea ma ka mycological: inā heʻawaʻawa nui ia a he meaʻala, a he mau'onike paha i loko. 
He mea nui! I kēlā me kēia hihia,ʻaʻole e pono e huikau kēia kumukūʻai me nā halaʻiʻai, kahi i kūlike loa - Pono e alakaʻiʻia e kaʻala maikaʻiʻole o ka'āpana sulfur-kōma.
ʻO kahi pāpale liʻiliʻi (ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 5 knm), e hoʻomālamalamaʻana i nāʻaoʻao, e hele i ke kālepa e kūlou i keʻano. ʻO ke kala ma ka hapanui o nāʻano he'ōniʻomaʻu-kōmaʻomaʻo, akā, e ulu ana a ula.
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka'ūpili o ke koho hollow (0.5 cm) e like me ke pāpale, akāʻo ke kiʻekiʻe, he mea liʻiliʻi loa me ia (a hiki i 10 knm).
Ua'ōlelo muaʻia kaʻawaʻawa o ka pulp, aʻo kona'ōlena he'ōmaʻomaʻo māmā.
Noho nā lālā ulu i nā kumu lāʻau, ma kahi kokoke iā lākou, a ma luna o ka lāʻau e hoʻomaka ana i ka pala, me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻole i waena o nā meaʻokoʻa a me nā coniferous. ʻO ka manawa o ka huaʻaiʻo Mei, nā kauwela a pau a me Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa.
Nā wahiʻehu o Mushroom o Russia nui loa
ʻO keʻano o nā ululāʻau kahi e ulu ana nā halaʻa a me nā wahi kiko'ī i loko o ia mau mea e hōʻikeʻia ma luna nei. 
Eia kekahi laʻana, mai ka'āina'āina koho mākou i ka Voronezh, Vladimir, Ryazan, Kaluga, Kursk, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod a me nā wahi Tver i nā haʻalua.
Ma ka "mushroom" ihi o kēlā me kēia mea hiki iā lākou ke kākau i kahi puke'ē aʻe.
Hoʻopili nā pū'āʻuʻuku
- ʻO ka pāpāʻia ma ka hoʻolāʻau meaʻai ma nā alanui - hiki ke maʻalahi nā hamo i nā meaʻawaʻawaʻole no nā kānaka, e like me nā paʻakai kaumaha kaumaha.
- No nā hoʻomakaʻana, he mea pono e komo i ka huakaʻi o ka meaʻanaka i ka meaʻai maʻalahi, iʻole ka piʻi nui o ka loaʻa o ka toadstool a me ka mushroom.
- Hoʻolaha nui i nā keiki i lawe pūʻia me lākou i ka nahele: eʻike mau lākou aʻaʻole eʻono i nā hua a me nā halo.
- E hana i nā'auwaʻi no ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā halopi iʻohiʻia (nā hīnaʻi, nā hīnaʻi, nā knapsacks) me nā mea kūlohelohe - mai hoʻohana i ka cellophane a me ka paʻake.
- ʻO ke kope āu i manaʻo ai e waiho i loko o ka hīnaʻiʻaʻole pono eʻaiʻia e nā ilo, e mālie ka wāwae, a mālamalama nā papa - he pono ke nānā ponoʻana.
- ʻO nā kānalua kekahi i unuhiʻia no ka mea momona i koe i ka nahele.
- ʻO ka manawa ma mua o ke awakea, he mea kūpono loa ia i nā mea'okila mushroom.
- Mai hoʻopoina i ka pahi no kaʻokiʻana - ua haki ka mycelium i ka hukiʻana i waho e hāʻawiʻole i ka mea hou.
- ʻO kekahiʻike hou o nā mea i haoʻia ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana a me ka hoʻonani - inā loaʻa kekahi mea i ka nahele.
- ʻAʻole kūpono ka inuʻana i ka mea hoʻokipa mushroom, aʻo ke kukeʻana o nā mea i loaʻa i ka mea e hoʻolapalapa ai, e hoʻomauʻia i ka manawa koke.
Hiki ke hōʻiliʻiliʻia nā pūʻakai me kaʻikeʻoleʻole i ka mycology, akā,ʻo kekahi mau kumu kumu kūpono e kōkua i nā mea mua e loaʻa i kaʻike kūpono, aʻo ka poʻe iʻike mua iā lākou he poʻe kumu hana hiki ke hoʻomaha a ho'ākāka i nāʻike i loaʻa i ka hana.
