ʻAʻole iaʻo ka inoa o ka "mō'īwahine o ka'āina" i kahi manawa o ka moʻolelo lōʻihi o ko mākou'āina. He hua nui loa kēia, akā, he kakaikahi wale nō ka poʻe iʻike i loko o nā makahiki heʻoi aku iʻoi aku kaʻoi aku o nā makahiki heʻoi aku iʻoi aku iʻoi aku kaʻoi aku o nā makahiki heʻoi aku iʻoi aku iʻoi aku iʻoi aku kaʻoi aku o nāʻano o kēia mau lau. (ʻOi aku ma mua o elima haneli i loko o Russia wale nō!) nā mea 'ē aʻe. E noʻonoʻo wale i kahi o nā mea i kaulana loa.
ʻO ka palaoa maikaʻi
ʻO ka inoa Latinʻo Zea mays saccharata.
ʻO kaʻono, kaʻono, aʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo ia ka inoa o ka kānana kulū ka mea maʻamau. ʻO ka'ōpala o kēia mea kanu he'ōmaʻomaʻo ia,ʻo ka lahilahi paha o ka momona, mai keʻokeʻo i ka alani. ʻO ka'ōpiopio i ka pepeiao,ʻo ka'ōmaʻomaʻo o konaʻano. Ma muli o ka uluʻana o ka maiʻa ma kahi o ka honua holoʻokoʻa a me nāʻanoʻanoʻano likeʻole o nāʻanoʻano likeʻole. ʻO ka nui o nā'ōmole he 2.2 x 1.7 knm. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka pepa, e like me ka inoa e'ōlelo nei, he mea kiʻekiʻe loa ka sukuka. Ma muli o ka nui a me ke kūlana o ka hana, hiki ke kālā i ka 6-12%.
He mea nui! Pono e hōʻiliʻiliʻia nā kānana kānua ma mua o ko lākou oʻoʻana a ma ka manawa hoʻokahi e kuke ai i ka wikiwiki. Ma hope o ka waihoʻana o ka huahana i kahi liʻiliʻi, e lilo i ke kōpaʻa i loko o ka maloʻo, e maloʻo ai ke kopa a liloʻole i meaʻono iki. Aia kekahi mauʻanoʻono likeʻole, iʻole, ināʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa kokeʻia, e lilo i'ōpala maoli, hikiʻole iā lākou ke pale!
Ma keʻano laulā, ua ulu nui kēiaʻano o ka ulu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻolālā i kēia ulu wela-wela, akāʻo nā kumukūmāiwa o nā'āina me nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma kēia wahi, penei:
- ʻOʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa.
- Ka poʻe Kupa o Kina.
- ʻO Brazil.
- ʻApelika.
- ʻO Ukraine
- India
- Meikoiko
- Indonesia
- ʻO'Akelika Hema.
- Romania.
- kaʻaiʻana a me ka kukeʻana i nā meaʻai hou;
- ka hoʻomākaukauʻana ma keʻano o ka mālamaʻana a iʻole ka hauʻi;
- ka hanaʻana i ka palaoa.
'Ōlelo mākou iāʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iāʻoe iho i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kanuʻana a mālama i ka huapalapala i loko o ka māla.
Ma nāʻano likeʻole o ka maile mai, hiki iāʻoe ke kākau i nā puke, i waena o kēlā mauʻano likeʻole i ulu pono i waena o ke ala waena, e kūpono ana ke kuhikuhiʻana:
- nā'ōpiopio mua (ka manawaʻohi - 65-75 lā) - "Dobrynya", "Voronezh 80-A", "ʻAna Hōkū 401", "Sundance" ("sun dance") a me "Super Sundance" (F1), "ʻUhane" (F1 ), Nectar Kupa (F1), Trekle (F1), Trophy (F1), Sheba (F1), Legend (F1), Bloody Butcher, Honey-Ice Nectar;
- waena hybrids (ka manawaʻohi - 75-90 lā) - "Papalina Pelekane 1822", "Merkur" (F1), "Bonus" (F1), "Megaton" (F1), "Challenger" (F1), "Krasnodar", "Krasnodar ke kō 250, Don nui, Pioneer, Boston (F1), aiʻole Syngenta;
- nā lālā'ōpiopio (ka manawaʻohi - 85-95 mau lā) - "Ice nectar", "ʻAlaʻekolu", "Gourmet 121", "Kuban sugar", "Athlete 9906770", "Polaris".
He mea nui! Pono e'ōleloʻia,ʻo ka nui o nā hua o nā kānana i uluʻia ma ka honua nei,ʻo ka mahele o Zea mays e hoʻopiliʻia no kahiʻoi aʻe o ka hapalua hapa wale nō, a ma ka huahelu maʻamau he emi iho i ka mau miliona miliona. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai no nā meaʻai a me nāʻoihana ahupuaʻa (no ka hanaʻana o ka malokeka, ka palaoa, ka'ōpala).
Waxy
ʻO ka inoa Latin ka Waxy Maize a iʻole Zeda paha.
ʻO kaʻili a me keʻano o ka palaoa he meaʻokoʻa paha, he'ōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo, heʻulaʻula, akā, inā ma nāʻano likeʻole o ka maile me nā kīʻaha keʻokeʻo, e like me keʻano,ʻaʻole hiki i kaʻelua pakeneka o nā leka'ē aʻe i'āponoʻia, a laila, ua emiʻole ka paeʻoihana i ka 3%.
Hoʻomoe ka hōʻailona o ka waxy, kahi e hikiʻole ai ke kanuʻia kēiaʻanoʻano ma kaʻaoʻao o nāʻano'ē aʻe, akā, no ka paleʻana i ka huiʻana o ka palaoa i ka wā eʻohi ai a me ka mālama. I ka hoʻomakaʻana, ua hoʻokumuʻia kēiaʻano ma muli o ka hoʻololi maʻamau, inā, no ka hoʻololiʻana i kekahi mauʻano o waho, uaʻikeʻia kahi wx gene i ka mea kanu. No ka manawa mua loa i kākauʻia ai kēlāʻano hoʻololiʻana ma Kina, me ka piʻiʻana o ka huliau, ua ulu nui aʻe ma nā wahi'ē aʻe. I ka makahiki 1908, ua hoʻounaʻia mai ka huapalapala o kēiaʻano mai Kina i United States e J. Farnham, he mea manawaleʻa no ka Reformed Church, akā,ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka'āpana nui: akā, e like me nāʻano kūlohelohe maoli, hiki i ka maize kelehua hōʻike i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me nāʻano maize'ē aʻe, pinepine make a hāʻawi i nā hua liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka kānana waxy he papa lua o nā mea e puni ana i ke'ōpiopio (endosperm), e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka palaoa, me he mea lā ua uhiʻia me ka paʻakai. Ma loko, he paheʻe ka palahalaha o kēia'ilika, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka starch o kēiaʻano kānina i nā mea kūʻokoʻa loa.
Ma muli o nā pilikia me ka hānauʻana,ʻaʻole i uluʻia ka kānana waxy ma kahiʻano nui, e like me keʻano o ka lolo. ʻO ka wahi nui o kāna hanaʻoihanaʻoihana,ʻo ia ka Republic of People's Republic of China.
ʻO ka kumu nui o ka maize waxy he hanaʻimi starch,ʻo ka hana a me nāʻano o iaʻano ka mea nui nui o kēiaʻano. No laila, ma nāʻanoʻano melekiko kānā he amylopectin a me amylose i loko o ka mahele o 7: 3,ʻoiai i ka Waxy Maize amylopectin he kokoke 100%. Ma muli o kēia,ʻo kēiaʻano ka mea e hāʻawi mai i ka palaoa maikaʻi loa.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua hoʻonui maikaʻi nā meaʻepekemaʻAmelika mai Illinois Hatfield a me Bramen i ka hopena o nāʻano mea kanu meaʻai ma ka uluʻana o nā holoholona pāʻani a hiki i nā hopena kupanaha: i ka wā e pani ai i ka maize maʻamau me ka wīwī, ua maikaʻi ka waiwai o nā lā i nā keiki hipa a me nā bipi. e like me nā holoholona'ē aʻe (me nā puaʻa)ʻaʻole i hōʻike i kekahi pane maikaʻi i ka hoʻololiʻana.ʻO ka meaʻoluʻolu, he mea maʻalahi keʻikeʻiaʻana o ka māka melekiko waxy ma nāʻanoʻano kānana kānalua ma o ka hanaʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua maʻalahi me ka iodine. ʻO ka huahana i loaʻa mai mai ka Maize Maize e hāʻawi aku i ka waipaʻa o ka iodide pāʻele i ka wāʻeleʻele, akāʻo ka mākikino mai nā mea likeʻole e hoʻololi i ka palehuhu pale.
ʻO ka nui o nāʻano o Waxy Maize he palena iki, aʻaʻole nui kaʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou. No laila, i waena o nāʻanoʻoi loa o kēiaʻano i kapaʻiaʻo Strawberry,'Oakhakanskaya uro a me Pearl. ʻO lākou a pau i ke kauwela o nā kau, akā naʻe, ua ulu muaʻo Strawberry i mua o'Oakhanskaya a me Nacre. Hōʻikeʻia nāʻano likeʻole o nāʻano likeʻole i ka papa.
Kapa inoa | Wā hoʻopili (helu o nā lā) | ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma nā mika | ʻO kaʻiliahi | ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka Cob, knm |
"Lulu" | 80-90 | 1,8 | ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele | 20-22 |
"Oakhakanskaya ula" | 90 | 2 | uila uila | 17-25 |
"Pearl" | 100 | 2,2 | ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo | 14 |
Pono e'ōleloʻia heʻekolu hopena maikaʻi o nāʻanoʻekolu o nāʻano i hōʻikeʻia ma luna nei, i hiki ai ke hoʻohanaʻia i loko o keʻano kīpala, aʻaʻole wale i hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻopau i ka māka.
ʻO ka niho
ʻO ka inoa Latinʻo Zea mays indentata. Hoʻopiʻiʻia i nā'āpana nui o ka lahilahi o nā hōkū kalaʻula, lōʻihi a lōʻihi. ʻO kaʻokoʻa e hoʻopuni ana i ka'ōpiopio heʻano likeʻole ia ma nā wahi likeʻole o kaʻili: ma ka waena a ma luna o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, he lehu a me ka palale, a paʻakikī hoʻi i nāʻaoʻao. Ke ulu ka huapalapa,ʻikeʻia ka puʻuwai i waenakonu, e like me ka niho (no laila ka inoa).
ʻO kekahiʻano kūikawā o kaʻano heʻano kiʻekiʻe loa (ʻo ka mea i hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka Maize Maize) a me nā kahe ola ola kiʻekiʻe. He kiʻekiʻe, he ikaika, a paʻa loa ka mea kanu. Ma waho o ka nui o ka palaoa, hoʻolako pū ia i nā puke nani.
He mea nui! Ua manaʻoʻia ka palaoa maikaʻi loa mai ka manaʻo hoʻolālā waiwai, kahiʻano o ka maile, no laila,ʻo nā'āina a pau - ka mea hana i kēiaʻano o ka palaoa, i heluʻia ma luna nei, mai hoʻopoina iā Zea mays indentata.ʻO ka United States ka mea i alakaʻi i ke ao i ka hanaʻana i ka maile niho. Hiki i nā Zea ke hoʻohana nui i ka hoʻohana:
- ʻai;
- loaʻa kaʻai, ka palaoa, ka palaoa;
- nā mea hānai no nā holoholona mahiʻai;
- ka hanaʻona.
Kapa inoa | Wā hoʻopili (helu o nā lā) | ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma nā mika | ʻO kaʻiliahi | ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka Cob, knm |
"Blue Jade" (USA) | 120 | 2,5 | uliuliʻi me nā wahi keʻokeʻo | 15-17 |
"'Āmī India" (India) | 125 | 2,8 | uliuli uliuli lilac uliuli poni alauli poni | 35-40 |
Nā Rubub Pamekaʻilia (Rusia) | 90-100 | 2,5 | ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele | 37-30 |
ʻO Syngenta (Austria) | 64-76 | 1,8 | ka'ōlena | 21 |
Siliceous (Indian)
Kapaʻia ka inoa Latinʻo Zea Mays. ʻO keʻano o ke kīhāpai ka poepoe, ua loli ke poʻo, ua nani ka nani o ka hale. Hiki ke like ke kala. ʻO ka hopena ma luna o kaʻili a pau, koe wale nō ke kikowaena, ua paʻakikī, ma waena ka paukū a'āpana.
No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka huapalapala palaoa e kōkua i ka mea i kapaʻia he kruporushka, hiki ke hanaʻia e ka lima.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o kēiaʻano ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka starch, akā eia ma keʻano paʻa. E like me nāʻano niho, hiki i ka Zea Mays ke hoʻoikaika a hoʻomanawanui, akā i hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nāʻano i hala aku nei, uaʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o kaʻai silica. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nāʻano'Ālalani,ʻo ia ka nele o kahi hiʻona kūlana ma ka piko o ka palaoa.
Hoʻouluʻiaʻo Zea Mays ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akāʻo ka mea hana nuiʻoʻAmelika Huipūʻiaʻo ia, a ua ulu nuiʻia kēiaʻano ma ka'ākau o ka'āina.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua'ōleloʻia,ʻo ka hua mua i hele mai i'Europa, aia i kaʻano o Zea Mays i hoʻokomoʻia. A ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoaʻo "Indian" no ka laweʻana o Columbus maiʻAmelika mai,ʻoiai, e like me kā mākouʻike, ua kuhihewa ka huakaʻi nui no India.ʻO ka māhele nui o ka noiʻana i ka palaoa silica,ʻo ia ka hanaʻana o ka palaoa (kaʻohi, nā keke, etc.). Eia naʻe, i loko o ka'ōlohelohe, heʻono maikaʻi loa ia a he nani loa.
He mea pono ke hoʻolohe i kēia mauʻano o ka maile maoli:
Kapa inoa | Wā hoʻopili (helu o nā lā) | ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma nā mika | ʻO kaʻiliahi | ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka Cob, knm |
"Cherokee Blue" (North America) | 85 | 1,8 | lilac chocolate | 18 |
"Mei Mekiko" Congo (ʻAmelika Hema) | 130 | 2,5 | ʻokoʻa nāʻokoʻa me nā pale paʻa | 22 |
"Huai 200 SV" (Ukraine) | 100 | 2,7 | ka'ōlena | 24 |
Mākahā (mealy, mālū)
ʻO Zea Mays Amylacea ka inoa Latin. ʻO ka'ōpala o ke kīhāpai he poepoe, paʻakikī pāʻani, ke kīleʻa ka piko, he laumā ka paʻakikīʻaʻole naʻe i'ālohilohi. He lahilahi ke poʻo, akā he nui nā'āpana. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo a heʻulaʻula paha.
E nānā i nāʻano maikaʻi o ka palaoa.
ʻO keʻano o kēiaʻano ke kiʻekiʻe (he 80%) ka helu o ka mākiko māmā, hoʻopili i nā mea embryo, paukū ma'ō aku o ka honua, maʻemaʻe. ʻO kahi māla i loko o kēia kānana liʻiliʻi. ʻO Ripens, ma keʻano he kūlana, i ka hopena, akā hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe a me nā loaʻa heʻeleʻele'ōmaʻomaʻo waiwai. Ua ulu ia ma nā moku'āina oʻAmelika Hema, a ma ka hema hoʻi oʻAmelika, kokoke i ka wā ma waho oʻAmelika. ʻO ka papahana nui o ka noiʻana,ʻo ia ka hanaʻana i ka palaoa. (mahalo i ka mākiko maloʻo, heʻano maʻalahi kēiaʻano makaki i ka hana hanaʻenehana). Eia kekahi, ua hanaʻia nā molasses a me ka palaoa mai ka meal mealy, a hoʻohana pūʻia no ka hanaʻana i ka waiʻona. Ma keʻano kāpenaʻia he meaʻono loa.
Kapa inoa | ʻO ka wā hōʻike | ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma nā mika | ʻO kaʻiliahi | ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka Cob, knm |
"Mays Concho" (North America) | i ke kakahiaka | 2 | kūlena'ōmaʻomaʻo | 20-35 |
"Thompson Prolific" (ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa) | ka hopena | 3 | keʻokeʻo | 41-44 |
Hoʻokipa
ʻO Zea mays ka inoa Latin. ʻO keʻano o ke poʻo o Zea i nā manawaʻelua he mauʻanoʻelua: i ka laiki a me ka palaoa bale. ʻO ka mea mua eʻikeʻia ma ka hopena hope o ka cob, ai ka lua o ka hoʻopuniʻana. Hiki keʻokoʻa ke kala - he melemele, keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo,ʻeleʻele uliuli a me nā mea paheke.
Eʻike i nāʻano kānanaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hana popcorn.
ʻO kahiʻano kūikawā o keʻano he mea nui ka pilikino a me ka hanana o ka palaoa. ʻO ke kinipuni e hoʻopuni ana i ke'ōpiki he paʻakikī like me ke aniani a me keʻano lahilahi, aia wale nō i kahi kokoke i ka'ōmahumu a aia kahi papa moe. ʻO kēiaʻanoʻano palaoa ka mea eʻoki ai i keʻano kūpono i ka wā e wela ai, e uhaʻi ana i ka puhi ma lalo o ka wai o ka wai e hoʻopili ana i loko o ka hua. No ka hopena o ka "pāhaʻi", ua hoʻohuliʻia ka hopena i loko, i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka palaoa i loko o ka'ōpū keʻokeʻo o ka hale lepo, i nā manawa he nui ka nui ma mua o ka'ōmaʻa kānana maʻamau. Uaʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā poʻo o ka'ōpala i nāʻano maize'ē aʻe, a heʻuʻuku loa ka'ōpala.
Ma ka pae hanaʻenehana, hiki i ka Zea ke hanaʻia i loko oʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, akā i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka nā'āina'ē e hoʻolohe i kēiaʻano no ka ulu nui o popcorn.
ʻO ke kumu nui o kēiaʻano kānina -ʻo ia nō, ka hanaʻana o nāʻahuʻoli. Eia naʻe, mai kēia mauʻano iʻa hiki ke hanaʻia ka palaoa a me ka palaoa.
Ma waena o nāʻano kaulana loa o Zea, hiki i ka mea e pili ana i kēiaʻano: "Miracle Cone" (melemele a me kaʻulaʻula,ʻo ka mua no nāʻano laiki,ʻo ka lua - ka bale), "Mini Striped", "Red Arrow", "Volcano", "Lopai-Lopai "," Zeya. " ʻO nā kumu nui o lākou i heluʻia ma lalo nei.
Kapa inoa | Wā hoʻopili (helu o nā lā) | ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma nā mika | ʻO kaʻiliahi | ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka Cob, knm |
Ke kahawai mele kahiko (China) | 80 | 1 | ano me nā'āpana keʻokeʻo | 10 |
Ka HananaʻUla Mira (China) | 80 | 1 | ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele | 12 |
Pākuʻi Kiʻi (China) | 80 | 1,7 | heʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo | 11 |
Hōʻalaʻula (China) | 80 | 1,5 | ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele | 13 |
Lua Pele | 80 | 2 | ka'ōlena | 22 |
Pop-Pop | 90 | 1,7 | ka'ōlena | 21 |
Zeya (Peru) | 75 | 1,8 | ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele | 20 |
Filmy
ʻO ka inoa Latin ka Zea paha e hoʻomanaʻo.
ʻO paha paha kaʻanoʻanoʻoi loa o ka palaoa. Ma kaʻili a me keʻano o ka meaʻai, ua likeʻole ia i nā mea likeʻole iʻikeʻia e ko mākou mau maka, akā,ʻo kona hiʻohiʻona ka mea iʻikeʻia kahi pale kaulike e uhi ana i ka palaoa. Hoʻomaopopo nā Breeders i kaʻikeʻana i ka maleʻana i ka phenotype o ka pū.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻOʻAmelika Hema paha ka wahi hānau o ka kānana kānana, ma nā hihia, uaʻikeʻia nā mea mua i Paraguay i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kenekuliaʻumikumamāiwa. Aia kekahi hua'ōlelo i hoʻohanaʻia e nā Incas kahiko i kēia lāʻau i kā lākou mauʻoihana hoʻomana.
Hikiʻole keʻai iā Zea mays tunicata, no keʻano o ka hale, no laila keʻano o kēiaʻano kānanaʻaʻole i hanaʻia ma kahi pākuhi hanahana. Ma waho aʻe oʻAmelika Hema,ʻikeʻia ka mea kanu maʻAmelika a hoʻohana nuiʻia e like me ka meaʻai meaʻai. Ma muli o kaʻikeʻole o ka hana kūpili e pili ana i kēiaʻano maize,ʻaʻole ia e mālamaʻia, no laila,ʻaʻole e hiki i nā mea likeʻole ke'ōlelo.
Eʻike i ka wā e ohiʻia ana ka palaoa no ka palaoa a me ka sila a me ka pehea e mālama pono ai i ka huapalaoa me ka meaʻole.
No laila,ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka "kānana" aʻoi aku kaʻokoʻa ma mua o kaʻehuʻulaʻula melemele, i hoʻolapalapaʻia i ka hale a i kūʻaiʻia ma ke kahakaiʻo Black Sea iʻAukake. Hoʻohanaʻia kēiaʻala no ka hanaʻana i ka maloo a me ka palaoa, uaʻokiʻia kaʻaila, ua hanaʻia ka waiʻona a me ka biogas (ʻaʻole e haʻi i ka popukone), nā mea hānai hānai a me nā holoholona'ē aʻe, me nā bipi - a no kēlā me kēia mau hana, nāʻano i hoʻolapalapa nuiʻia.