ʻO ka Mulberry (morus) he lāʻau hoʻopunipuni mai ka ʻohana Mulberry. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi lāʻau mulberry a me ke kumula lāʻau. Hoʻomaka maikaʻi ka mea kanu i nā māla huhū a me nā subtropics. ʻO ka hale kūlohelohe maoli nā expanses o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika a me Asia. Ua loaʻa i ka mea kanu kona kaulana no ka momona a me nā wai momona. Hoʻohana ʻia nō ia no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana i ka pūnaewele, mālama a no nā kumu ʻoihana. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia nā lau lau mulberry e lawelawe nei no ka hānai no ka silkworm - ʻo ka "mea hana" siliki.
ʻO ka wehewehe lāʻau
Mulberry - lāʻau kūpaʻa me ka lei ākea. ʻO ka ulu pinepine ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 10-15 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa ka nui o ka nui o ka makahiki ma ke ʻano ʻōpio. I waena o nā mulberry he mau centenarians maoli. Ulu nā specimens pilikino no 200-500 makahiki.
Ua uhi ʻia nā lālā ʻōpio me kahi pālahalaha brown brown, ʻo ia, me ka wā ʻōpio, nui ke kāʻei ʻia a ʻili ʻia. Ma nā wana, e ulu ana nā lau petiolate hou i loko o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a i ʻoleid paha e ulu. Kohu ʻia ko lākou helehelena me kahi ʻoluʻolu o nā mea ʻoluʻolu, a me ka uhi ʻana i nā kukui lahilahi. Loaʻa nā kihi o nā lau, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻaoʻao laka, matte. ʻO ka lōʻihi pālani he 7-15 cm.
I ke kauwela waena, pua nā mulberry me nā ʻae ʻole, hiki i nā pua me nā lāʻau stamens. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia lākou ma nā spikelets pōkole pōkole a like me nā leʻaleʻa fluffy e kau ana ma nā wāwae mālie. Hiki i ka Mulberry ke lilo i kahi lāʻau monoecious a dioecious. ʻO nā mea kanu dioecious he kaʻawale kāne, nā lāʻau pā (mulberry) a me ka wahine.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kikoo me ke kōkua o nā pepeke a me ka makani. Ma hope o ia, ua hele nā hua o kahi hoʻolālā paʻakikī. Ma kahi lālā liʻiliʻi he nui nā lōkō i paʻi ʻia ʻo kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hua he 2-5 cm. ʻO kona ʻāpana he ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Kono nā hua, loaʻa ka momona a me ka momona a me nā ʻono maikaʻi. ʻO ka nui o nā lau a me nā hua o ka mulberry e hilinaʻi nui ana i ke kika a me ka hoʻomau a me ka lepo. I ka hema, ʻo lākou kahi kauoha o ka hanohano ma mua o ke kikowaena waena (no ka laʻana, ma ka māhele o Moscow).
Nā lāʻau Mulberry
Ma ka pili ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano botani, hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Hōʻike nā ʻano kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe na huaʻōlelo he 17-200 mau ʻano.
Kālepa ʻeleʻele (m. Negro). Ulu ka lāʻau i ka 10-13 m mai ka lepo. Hoʻopili ʻia kona lei pāpale me nā lau ovoid nui he 10-20 cm ka lōʻihi a he 6-10 cm ka laulā. Nā ʻano:
- Kherson - ka lāʻau kūleʻa-hau, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me nā nui (3,5 cm), nā hua momona;
- Palapalaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele - kahi pua i kūleʻa hau-pale i uhi ʻia i ka mahina i Iune me nā hua nunui, nui;
- ʻO ke kaikamahine keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele - kahi kumu kiʻekiʻe kahi i ulu i kahi melemele a me nā hua ʻono;
- Staromoskovskaya - nā hua ʻeleʻele-violet ʻono 3 cm ka nui o ka wā ʻoki ma luna o ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe me ka lei aliʻi.
Kālepela keʻokeʻo (m. Alba). ʻO kahi kumulāʻau e lōʻihi, ua uhi ʻia me kahi lāʻau hina-hina. Ma nā lālā ʻōpala, ulu nui nā ovoid a i nā lau palma me nā kihi serrated. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā lau he 5-15 cm. Ua pōkole nā pupu hua i pili i nā mea kanu. Ua ulu kēia mau mea kanu dioecious i ʻApelila-Mei, a hua mai i Mei-Iune. ʻO nā hua (nā ʻano he nui) he cylindrical i ke ʻano a he ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 4 cm. Nā ʻano:
- Hoʻolaha - nā wana a me nā lau i ka puna i loko o ke kala gula;
- ʻO ka meli keʻokeʻo - kahi kumulāʻau ākea e hāʻawi i kahi nui o ka hau meli-keʻokeʻo huaʻai e pili ana i 3 cm lōʻihi;
- Victoria - kahi lāʻau pōkole e hāʻawi i nā mea momona, ʻōmato ma lalo o 5 cm ka lōʻihi;
- Ke ʻoki nā ʻōpala - kahi ʻano hoʻonaninani me nā leʻaleʻa, hiki i ka 5 m m
ʻUlaʻula ʻula (m. Rubra). Kūpaʻa ka nānā i ka hau. ʻO ka'āina nona kahi ʻĀkau ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole nui ka nui o ka mea kanu, akā māhuahua nō ia. Mālama ʻole nā peʻa a i ʻole lobed a 7-14 cm lōʻihi a he 6-12 cm ākea paha he ʻano asymmetric. Ua hōʻike ʻia lākou he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka wa waena o ke kauwela, kahi hua o ka ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula a me nā hua maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaka i 2-3 cm ka lōʻihi. I waho, ua like nā hua o kēia ʻano like me nā lāʻau ʻalala.
Nā ʻōnaʻi
Hoʻopuka maoli ʻo Mulberry, no laila ke ulu nei mai ka māla lāʻau, ʻaʻohe pilikia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā hua a me nā mea kanu.
No ka lūlū hua, hoʻohana ʻia nā hua i kanu ʻia, huehue ʻia a maloʻo maloʻo. Kūkulu ʻia nā hua i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ke kahe wai koke i ka māka. Pono nā hua āpau e hoʻopilikia. Me ka lūlū lūlū, e loaʻa ia i vivo, i ka pūnāwai e pono ai i ka hāʻawi mua i nā hua kanu no nā 4 mau hebedoma i loko o ka friji. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, mālama ʻia nā hua me kahi stimulant i mau hola (Zircon, Epin). No ka lūlū, koho i kahi kahi ākea a ka lā. E hana i nā kiʻi me kahi hohonu o 3-5 cm, kahi kanu mea kanu ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia. I uhi ʻia ka moena i ka honua a hoʻomāeʻa ʻia me kahi ʻāpana oʻa. Ke hoʻomoʻa ka lepo, e kū mai nā wana. ʻO ka mālama ʻana iā lākou e pili ana i ka hana manu ʻana, ka hoʻohāinu ʻana a me ke kanu ʻana. I ka waena waena o ka lūlū, e ulu pono nā mea kanu no ka hoʻololi mua me ka mamao o 3-5 m.E pale aku i nā ʻano o ke aʻa. Ke puka nei ka hua ma hope o nā makahiki 5-6.
No ka mālama ʻole ʻia o nā ʻano ʻano varietal i ka wā lohi o nā hua kanu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana ʻōnaehana vegetative.
- ʻOki ʻoki. I Iune-Iulai, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā hua pua he 15-20 cm ka lōʻihi me 2-3 mau lau. Hoʻomaka ʻia ke kanu lāʻau i loko o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā twigs i ka hohonu ma kahi hohonu e pili ana iā 3 cm. 1-2 mau lau me kahi ʻaoʻao ʻāpana hapa i waiho ʻia ma luna o nā ʻokiʻoki. ʻO ke kī i ka huki maikaʻi ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kūpono, inā aia kahi sprayer i loko o ka hale kākela i hana i kahi mea hoʻowalewale (fog). Ma Kepakemapa, ulu ʻia nā aʻa a hoʻomaka nā ulu. Hoʻolālā ka noho ana i ka papa ākea no ka pūnāwai e hiki mai ana.
- ʻAno hua. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau i nā pua basal. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no ka hoʻohuli. Hoʻoulu ʻia kahi mea hoʻolālā mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o 0.5 m ma waenakonu o ka pūnāwai, e hoʻāʻo nei e hōʻino ʻole i ka aʻa, a kanu ʻia i kahi wahi hou. E hoʻomohala wikiwiki, hoʻopōkole nā lālā i kahi hapakolu.
- Nā huakaʻi. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu ʻano varietal ma kahi lāʻau i loaʻa mai nā mea kanu. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua neʻe ʻia nā pua āpau ma ka rootstock, a me nā ʻāpana oblique i hana ʻia i ka scion me ka 2 mau pua. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou a paʻa me kahi lipine kūikawā. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke kaʻina hoʻonani i loko o 1-2 mau mahina. Ma hope o kēlā, neʻe ʻia ka kaʻe. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, he mea nui e ʻokiʻoki i nā lālā liʻiliʻi a pau e ulu ana mai waho o ke kumukū. Hiki i ke ʻano ke hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka mea kanu, kahi i kapa ʻia nā "melange harvest."
Kūʻai a mālama mālama
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka kanu ʻana i ka mulberry i ka hapa mua o ka ʻohi, a laila e hiki i ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi wahi hou, a ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ulu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kekahi kekahi hana kanu wai ma mua o ka kahe ʻana o ka wai. I ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu ma nā mea kanu, pono e hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu 4 mau makahiki he nui. Inā ua hānau mua lākou i ka hua o ke kala, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoholo ʻana ma ke ʻano kāne.
ʻO ka Mulberry kahi lāʻau thermophilic a me photophilous, akā pono ia pale e pale i nā kulu maloʻo. Pono e nani a kūpono paha ka lepo. ʻAʻole kūpono ka saline, ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole kahi ʻāina wai.
ʻO 2-3 mau pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ʻeli lākou i ka lua me ka hohonu a me ka laulā o ke anawaahi o 50 cm. ʻO ka manure a manuahi a i ʻole ka mana me ka superphosphate e hoʻopili koke ʻia i ka lepo maikaʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka honua maʻamau i luna o ka loea no ka ʻaʻole ʻole e puhi i nā aʻa. Ke kanu ʻia me nā aʻa, ʻuwī ʻia ka ʻōpū kahiko, a piha ka piha i nā ʻāina hou. A pau ka hana, ua ninini ʻia nā wai 2 wai ma lalo o ka kumulāʻau, a laila hoʻomānoʻi ʻia ka ʻula. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi, hua liʻiliʻi.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, mālama ka mālama ʻana i nā mulberry i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e hoʻohāinu ana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Pono pinepine ka wai e hoʻoinu i nā lāʻau i ka wā o ka pua a me ka hua, akā maʻa he mea nui e ʻike i ke ana, inā ʻaʻole i wai nui nā huaʻai. Mai ka wa waena o ke kauwela, e pono ai ka hoʻoulu ʻana me ka pau ʻole mau.
I ka mahina oʻApelila-Iune, 1-2 mau wā, hoʻohua ʻia nā mulberry me nā maniua me ka nūnūnū. I ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kauwela, e makemake ʻia nā mea hoʻohui me kahi ʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka potasi a me ka phosphorus.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka palena biled i kēlā manawa i kēia manawa a i ka hohonu o kahi huikoa bayonet, a hoʻoneʻe ʻia hoʻi nā nāhelehele.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hana koʻikoʻi e ka pruning mulberry. I ka pūnāwai, wehe ʻia nā lālā maloʻi anu. Inā kanu ʻia nā mea kanu no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pono ʻia e hana iā lākou i loko o ke ʻano o kahi lāʻau a i ʻole kahi lāʻau pōkole, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā hua ʻohi. Hoʻomaʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Mulberry i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a wikiwiki koke, no laila mai hopohopo e lawe nui aku. Mai ka manawa o ka manawa, keʻoki ʻia ka lei a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, hoʻokaʻawale loa iā 1-2 mau lālā kahiko a hiki i kahi hapakolu o nā koena o ke koena. Me ka ʻokiʻoki o ka lūlū, maloʻo, kahiko, a me nā maʻi i hōʻoki ʻia a ʻoki ʻia hoʻi. I ka manawa like, he ʻōpio lākou, ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki.
Ua kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻo Mulberry i nā maʻi lāʻau. Akā ka mea kanu i ka wahi nalo loa, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i ka palupalu poli, ka nānāʻana i ka brown, bacteriosis, a me nā ʻalihi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopau pinepine ia i kahi pūliki mulberry ma luna o ia. ʻO ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi maikaʻi loa e mālama ʻia me nā fungicides (Silite, keleawe keleawe, Cytoflavin).
ʻO kekahi manawa, i ka lāʻau ke kū ʻia e nā pepeke (mulberry moth, spider mite, white American butterfly). E kōkua nā Insecticides i ka hoʻokō ʻana me lākou, a mālama ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā kumu pale mai ka wai mua.
Loaʻa a me nā contraindications
ʻO nā huaʻai, nā lau a me nā pua ʻōpala o nā mulberry he nui ka nui o nā mea kanu biologically:
- māmala (A, C, E, K a me ka pūʻulu B);
- macrocells (P, Mg, Ca, K, Na);
- nā wahi kani (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn);
- antioxidants.
Hoʻohana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua hou i nā hana āpau i ke kino. Loaʻa lākou i ka hopena maikaʻi ma ka kaila kaila, hoʻopuka i ka kahe ʻana o ke kahe, hoʻonui i ke koko a me ke kō. E mālama ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huaʻai, ua maloʻo a maloʻo paha lākou, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka waina a me ka lepo me ka kō. ʻElua ka hopena o nā hua o ka lāʻau like ma ka huihui. Hoʻomaopopo ka huaʻai ʻono ʻole i ka papaʻa, a ʻokiʻoki a maloʻo - kōkua i kona ka wai. ʻO kahi decoction o nā calms calms, e kōkua ana e hoʻokō me ke kaumaha a me ka insomnia. Hoʻohana hou ʻo ia i ke kino ma hope o ka hōʻeha kino kino.
ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale i nā huaʻai, akā nā lau a me ka ʻili. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a laila hana ʻia ka infusions a me decoction. He maikaʻi lākou i ka hopena expectorant. ʻAʻole like me nā hua liʻiliʻi, nā lau a me nā huaiki e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kō a me ke koko.
ʻO ia mea, ʻaʻohe huakaʻi a mulberry, eia naʻe ke hoʻopōʻino i nā poʻe maʻi i nā mea pili. ʻO ka make nui o nā huaʻai e alakaʻi i ka maʻi maʻi.
