ʻO Blueberries kahi hua lāʻau mai ka Vaccinium genus ma ka ʻohana Heather. Hoʻopili i nā hua momona maikaʻi a me nā momona, mahalo nui ʻia i kona hopena hoʻonaninani, ʻo ia ke kumu e kanu pinepine ai nā lāʻau ma nā puʻu alpine. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāhinahina a me nā lau o nā mea kanu ʻai e hoʻoulu ai i nā holoholona, a i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka ʻele no ka ʻili. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo ke ʻano (genini) hele mai i ka huaʻōlelo "vacca", ʻo ia hoʻi, "pipi." Ua wehewehe ʻia ka inoa o Rūsia e ke kala o nā hua waina. Noho ʻo Blueberries i nā ulu puʻu pīpī a hui ʻia a i ʻole nā māla. Kūpono ka mea kanu mai ke aniani a hiki i ke tundra.
Hōʻike nui o ka ulu lāʻau
ʻO ke kuli o ka popeberries kahi puʻupuʻu perennial deciduous me ke kiʻekiʻe o 10-50 cm wale nō. Kūkulu ʻia ka nui o ka ulu nui ma nā lālā lateral o nā aʻa, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia e kaupalena i ka shrub. Ma ka kikowaena liʻiliʻi kahi liʻiliʻi o nā kumu lāʻau nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lālā ʻaoʻao ma luna o ka ʻihi i ke aniani. Uhi ʻia nā ʻākala me kahi mālamalama laulea me nā puʻupuʻu lōʻihi.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lau sessile maʻamau a i ʻole nā pokole pokole. He ʻano ovoid aiʻole ko ka oval me nā kihi o nā lihihi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ʻili ʻiliʻu poʻo i ka ʻāpana a ua paʻi i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻIke paʻa ʻia ka ʻōmole a me ka māmā o ka vein i loko.
I ka Mei, ʻike liʻiliʻi nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo-keʻokeʻo ma nā kihi o nā wana. Hana lākou i waho o nā pedicels a ulu kū hoʻokahi. ʻO nā nimbus ʻelima kūpono kūpono he 5 mau bepela, hoʻokahi pālala me kahi ovary haʻahaʻa a me nā 5 stamens. Hoʻolāluulu ʻia nā pua pua e nā pepeke. He lāʻau meli maikaʻi ka mea kanu.
I Iulai-Kepakemapa, ʻūkū a hua ʻūlū paha mau hua ʻāpana me ke anawaena o 6-10 mm. Uaʻeleʻele ʻia lākou me ka ʻeleʻele uliuli a i ʻole ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka pika wili. Ma ka lalo o ka makeri he lei aliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ma lalo o ka ʻili wili hū ʻia i ka pulpula ʻulaʻulaʻula me ka ʻono ʻono a me nā ono. Loaʻa a loaʻa i 40 mau hua liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o blueberries a me nā blueberries
ʻO nā mea kanu ʻelua nā hua kanu Vaccinium, no laila he mea kāhāhā ko lākou like. Kuhi pinepine kahi māla lāʻau hou i nā blueberries mai nā blueberries i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau. I waena o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻokoʻa aʻe:
- blueberry palaleka i nā manawa a pau, aʻo blueberries hiki i 3 m ke kiʻekiʻe;
- aneane nā palakaʻeleʻele o nā kukui waxy ʻokoʻa;
- ka waiʻona o nā blueberries, ʻaʻole like me ka kaikuahine, waiho i nā wahi kukui, hoʻomau i nā lima a me nā lole;
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā blueberries, aia nā microelement e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hihiʻo;
- inā hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā blueberries a hua mai ka makahiki o 7 mau makahiki, a laila ma ka lāʻau blueberry loaʻa nā pua mua ma hope o 1-2 mau makahiki.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia nā blueberries ʻaʻohe ʻano a me nā ʻano like ʻole. Ke hōʻike ʻia nei ʻo ia wale nō nā "pua blueberry maʻamau a mauʻu myrtle". Inā ma nā hale kūʻai nā "blueberries māla" a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i kūʻai ʻia, a laila e kamaʻilio ana mākou e pili ana i nā blueberries.
Nā ʻōnaʻi
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā Blueberries e nā hua a me nā mea kanu. Me ke ʻano hua o ka hānau ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia nā hua momona maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa. Ua palalula a ʻalupalu ʻia nā hua, a laila holoi a maloʻo. Landing ka hana ʻana i ka waena waena. Ma mua, ua ʻōlehu nā hua i ke aniani o ka wai a ʻo nā mea wale nō i noho i lalo ka hoʻohana. I loko o nā ipu pāpaho me kahi hui o ka one a me ka pit, ua kanu ʻia nā hua i ka hohonu o 3-5 mm. Ua pulehu ʻia lākou a uhi ʻia me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Pono i kēlā me kēia lā pono loa e hōʻiliʻili a hōʻili i nā mea kanu. Hōʻike nā pana i kekahi mau pule ma hope aku, ma hope o kahi e lawe ʻia ai ka malu. I ka hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o kahi lumi hoʻāla maikaʻi me ka mahana o + 5 ... + 10 ° C. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e mahana ai ka lā, lawe ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o ka wai i ka ea hou a waiho i loko o kahi pālahalaha ʻāpana. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia lākou a hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻokahola ʻia kahi papa puka waho i ka makahiki o 2-3 mau makahiki.
I Iune-Iulai, ʻoki loa ʻia nā hapalua-lignified he 4-6 cm ka lōʻihi o ke koʻo ʻana o nā lau haʻahaʻa mai ka ʻōpala, a ua ʻoki ʻia nā papa lau o luna. Hana ʻia ka slice me ka hoʻoulu ulu, a laila kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o nā mea lawe me ka lepo peat a me ka lepo peat-humus. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻāpana o nā one kahawai 2-3 cm mānoanoa ma luna o ia mea: ua uhi ʻia ka pahu me kahi kiʻi. Ma hope o ka huki ʻana, hoʻomaka nā lau ʻōpio, a ʻo ke ʻano e hiki ke kiʻi i ka malu. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma kahi paʻa ma hope o ka hoʻoilo (ma ka pūnāwai a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo).
Mahalo i nā rhizome kolo manuahi, hāʻawi nā blueberries i kahi nui o nā hua kumu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, lilo a nui ka lāʻau a pono e hoʻokaʻawale a transplanted. I ka hapalua mua o ka ʻohi ia ua ʻuʻuku loa ʻia a māhele ʻia ma nā ʻāpana me kahi pahi ʻoi. Pono ka mahele i kēlā me kēia mau pua a ma kahi o ʻelima mau maʻi olakino. Ke ʻae ʻole nei i ka maloʻo ka rhizome, kanu koke ʻia nā mea kanu i kahi paʻa mau.
Kahi a me Landing
I mea e loaʻa ai i nā blueberries ke aʻa ma ka māla, pono ia e hana i nā kūlana kokoke i ka kūlohelohe. Pono e mālama pono i ka kukui a me ka hana lepo. Pono ka loea i ka lepo, akā maʻalahi ka pulu. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, nā ʻōpala peat, nā ʻāpana o ka paina pine, sawdust, nā ʻoka oki i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ia mea. Hoʻohui ʻia ka pā o ka muliwai me ka lepo koʻikoʻi a me ka nui. Pono e hoʻokomo i nā kaʻa ma ka ʻāpana o ka pale ʻana a i ka lā hāmama paha.
Hiki ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia ka palena ma ka pūnāwai a i ʻole i ka hāʻule. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mau blueberries i kanu i ka wā lohi e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Kahu ka lua kanu 60 cm ākea a 80 cm hohonu ka eli ʻia ma kahi mamao o 1.5 m mai nā hale a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Ma ka lalo o ka lua e waiho i kahi mea hoʻolimalima. Inā hemo ʻole ka rhizome, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i nā hola he nui i loko o ka wai wai me ka wai. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ke kua aia a me ka lepo. Ua ʻōwili ʻia ka honua a piha i nā kīkala me ka lepo momona.
Hoʻomoʻuʻia nā kaʻa i ka waikawa citric. Hoʻohui ʻia ka lepo ma nā aʻa me ka sawdust a peat. Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu mai nā makahiki 3, e ʻoki ʻia kā lākou mau wihi i ke kiʻekiʻe o 20 cm mai ka lepo. Hoʻohālikelike kēia no ka hōʻino o ka rhizome a hoʻonui i ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki i kahi wahi hou.
Nā kānāwai mālama
Pono ka Blueberries i ka mālama maʻamau a me ka nānā ʻana mai ka māla. Kokoke loa kona mau kumu i ka papakā, no laila, me ka hoʻopōhuki pinepine ʻana me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā wai e pono ai ke ʻano ʻole ka wai.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili nui, pono e hana ʻia ke kanu ʻana. E hoʻohana i nā mea paʻakikī a me nā minerala. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea hana (nā kōpū pit, mullein, compost) i loko o ka pōʻai basal i loko o ka puna i kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, i ka hopena o ka puna, ua hoʻoheheʻeʻia nā lāʻau me ka nui o nā minuke mineral (ammonium sulfate, Kalimagnesia, superphosphate). I nā lā wela ʻole i ke ahiahi, he kōkua hoʻi kahi kōna lua no ka hoʻōla ʻana ma ka lei.
Ke kaʻina hana no ka ulu ʻana i nā blueberries he hōʻiliʻili. Mai ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, e lawe ʻia ana i kēlā me kēia puna. Pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ʻehiku lālā ikaika. Kahi nā wahi palupalu a hemo i kahi o nā wana ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā lālā kahiko (mai 5 mau makahiki) e ʻoki ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o 20 cm. A hiki i ka ulu lāʻau i ka makahiki 15 he 15, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kona lei maikaʻi i ka kiʻekiʻe o 20 cm.
E kūleʻa ana nā Blueberries i ka hau a ʻaʻole pono ka wahi e pono ai no ka hoʻoilo, akā naʻe, pono paha ka pale mai nā puʻu puna koke. Hoʻopilikia nā pua a i nā pua paha i ka loli wikiwiki. I ka hihia, e uhi i nā lāʻau me nā mea i hana ʻole ʻia.
ʻO nā Blueberries e kūleʻa pinepine i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka overmoistening mau o ka lepo e aʻa wale i nā aʻa a me ka pulupulu pulu lau. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka maikaʻi me ka wai me Bordeaux a i ʻole nā manu pepe. ʻO nā maʻi āpau, aphids a me nā iniseti weliweli loa i hoʻouka pinepine ʻia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe iā lākou me ke kōkua o nā iniseti a me ka acaricides. I mea e pale aku ai i nā kemikū mai ka komo ʻana i ka hua, pono ʻia e mālama ʻia nā ʻano pale pale i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana.
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili, nā waiwai kūpono
E hōʻiliʻili i nā blueberries i ke waena waena o ke kauwela. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma kēia hana i ka mahana maloʻo i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi. Hoʻopili wale ʻia nā mea, kokoke loa nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. No kēia, hoʻohana pinepine nā loina maʻamau. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā Berry mai nā kumulāʻau a me nā ʻōpala, holoi a maloʻo. No ka mālama ʻana i nā hua lōʻihi, he mālaa, maloʻo a ʻākau ʻia nā ʻaka a ua mākaukau nā mau.
ʻAʻole hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā blueberries i kahi mea leʻaleʻa maikaʻi, akā e lūlū hoʻi i ke kino me nā mea e pono ai. Momona nā lau a me nā lau i nā mea ikaika:
- tannins;
- nā huaʻala kūlohelohe;
- ascorbic acid;
- Carotene;
- Nā huaora B;
- ʻōpala
- nā huila a me nā macro;
- gouscosides;
- antioxidants.
ʻO kaʻai ʻana i kekahi mau huaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko koko, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka metabolism a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā wai momona. Kōkua ka huahana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokahe koko i ka retina o ka maka, a hakakā me ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka maʻi o ka hōʻemi, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka vitamina a me nā maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka wai huaʻai a me kahi decoction o ka lau e hoʻohana externally no ka hakakā i ka eczema, scaly lichen a me nā pulu ʻili.
ʻO nā maʻi i ka mālama ʻana o nā blueberries he mau maʻi o ka pancreas a me duodenum, intolerance o kēlā me kēia, kahiʻano o ka constipation a oxalaturia.
