Nā ʻano ʻala ʻenehana: pehea e "ulu" ai i ka waina maikaʻi

ʻO ka huaʻala he hua kanu lōʻihi a aloha maikaʻi. Ma muli o ka nui koho a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, hoʻohana hou ia i ke ʻano no ka nui o nā huaora a me nā mea ʻai maikaʻi hoʻi, a me nā mea ʻala no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā waina maikaʻi a me nā wai kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i ka waina kūlohelohe kūwaho mai ka lālima i hana ʻia e ka lā. Pono wale ʻoe e koho i ka mākaukau kūpono e ulu a ulu i nā hua waina.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano lāʻau ʻona

I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka iwakālua tausani mau papa ʻaina a me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻona līlia.

ʻO ka ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka papaʻaina huahelu:

1. ʻO nā hua nui, kūpono i hoʻonaninani ʻia, ʻākoakoa i loko o nā ʻōpala koʻikoʻi.
2. I nā huaʻai he ʻono ʻono, nā momona ʻono a me nā waikawa, ka ʻiʻo palaleka.
3. Ka pale kino o ka papa ʻaina a ʻokoʻa mai ka waena a i ke kiʻekiʻe.
4. ʻO ke kū'ē i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki he medium a ma luna o ka awelika.
5. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā ʻano papahele i ka uhi ʻana i nā huaʻai.
6. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hua no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana.

Loaʻa i nā hua lāʻau o ka ʻenehana (ʻona) a me ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona, me ka ʻano aʻe:

1. ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi e like me nā kala kala, me ka ʻili ʻili, ke nānā ʻoluʻolu.
2. ʻO nā pāʻina he ma waena o ka nui a me ka nui.
3. ʻO ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hau (a hiki i -40^ºC), e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā hua waina i ka uhi a i ke ʻano wehe ʻana.
4. ʻO ka pale kiʻekiʻe i nā maʻi āpau a me nā pōpoki.
5. Ma kahi hoʻomakeke i ka haʻalele.
6. Mai nā ʻano loea, loaʻa nā lako maka no ka hana ʻana o nā waina a me nā ʻawa waina, nā cognacs, kaʻaila, nā mea ʻala ʻoluʻolu. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā hua i loko o nā palaka a me nāʻu maloʻo.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano hua ʻona honua kahi hui ʻokoʻa, ka hui pū ʻana me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka papa ʻaina a me nā ʻano loea. Aia nui nā hua waina i ka meaʻai a no ka ʻohi ʻana.

Ua mākaukau ʻo Beckmes, halva, churchkhela, sorbet, hua meli, ʻōnika, jam, mākaʻa a me nā mea momona maikaʻi a me nā huahana meaʻai mai nā hua waina. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi o nā hua ʻona o nā ʻano loea i loko o ka waina. Hoʻohana nui ka lapalapa mai ka hana ʻana i ka hua waina a me ka winemaking, kahi i hoʻohuihui ʻia ka waiʻona, ka eanthant enanthic, aila, keleʻa, tartaric acid, enotanine, fodder yeast, enamels a me nā huahana a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻia.

G.S. Morozova"Viticulture me nā kumu kumu o ka ampelography", VO "Agropromizdat", Moscow, 1987

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā ʻano loea mai nā mea a pau, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea piha nui loa i ka puna (a hiki i 30%) a me ka wai wai (70-90% o ke kaumaha o hoʻokahi berry) i nā hua. I ka manawa like, nā hua like o kēlā me kēia ʻano i ko lākou ʻono a me nā ʻono ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā lākou.

ʻO nā hua waina maikaʻi loa, nāna i hāʻawi i ka inoa i nā makana kūpono ʻoluʻolu: Chardonnay, nā ʻano like me Muscat (Pink, Black, Odessa, Aksaysky), Isabella, Merlot, Aligote, Cabernet Sauvignon, Saperavi, Riesling, Rkatsiteli.

ʻO ke kaona momona o nā hua, ko lākou kikoʻī i ka wehewehe umauma, ka hoʻohalike ʻana o ka huina o nā huaʻa i loko o ka paio a me ka nui o ka palu - ʻo kēia mau hōʻailona āpau e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o nā waihona waina i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka mea nui nui no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻenehana kūpono kiʻekiʻe.

• ulu nā hua waina
• mea hoʻolālā honua
• ka makahiki makahiki o ka mahana ikaika.

Wikiō: nā māla ulu lāʻau

Mālama ʻo ka launa ʻole i ka kanu ʻana i nā ʻano huaʻai kumuwaiwai ma kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana nui i nā māla nunui. I ka manawa like, ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu, mahiʻai (hoʻomalu, hoʻoulu, hoʻoulu) a me ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu mīkini.

Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu (ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka wā nui i nā hua waina) e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini hana hōʻeuʻeu

Pēlā i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻano waina i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā māla hale, ma ke ʻano:

• Kaumakaiwa,
• Nui
• ʻOirā
• Zelenolugsky Rubin,
• Citron Magaracha.

ʻEnehana no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina o nā ʻano loea

Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ka ʻenehana no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina o nā ʻano loea e ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

Ke kanu nei i nā hua waina

ʻO nā māla o nā ʻano loea like ʻole, e like me nā papa ʻaina, makemake i ka māmā, hoʻoluʻolu, hoʻokaʻawale i nā pāpala kahi he neʻe aiʻole e pili ana i nā hopena acid (pH 6.5-7.0). Pono ia e loaʻa i ka hoʻopihapiha i nā pākaha pōhaku a me ka pā ma ka lepo. Hāʻawi kēia i nā mea e like me ka wai kūpono a me ka ea air. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā wai momona a me nā wili mai nā hua waina i ulu ma nā ʻōpala o nā meʻa tectonic i loaʻa ka hopena ʻono maikaʻi, aʻo ka pālei varietal e hoʻoikaika ʻia, ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hiki ʻana o ka waina i ka makahiki, a hoʻonui ʻia ka wai no ka mālama lōʻihi. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻike o ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina i nā ʻāina acidic e hōʻike ana ʻo ia hoʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana, e loaʻa mai nā waina maikaʻi loa a me nā wai momona. I kēia hihia, nui ka mana o nā ʻano o ka mea kanu. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka Riesling, Sylvaner a me Traminer pink grape varieties makemake i nā ʻāina me ka pH o 4-5. I kahi wai hoʻoneʻe, hoʻohuihui ke aʻa i nā microelement ikaika loa, a me ka lepo me ka pane ʻole a kokoke i ke ʻano, nā macroelement.

Pono e mālama i nā wahi ʻōpala no nā hua waina he mau lau o ka hua, a me nā hua waina me kahi nui o ka honi ʻana o nā huaʻa (pākaukau, raisin-raisin) a, inā hoʻi, ʻūhū paipai no nā ʻano o mua, a me nā hua like ʻole ka hana ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai a me nā kīʻaha māmā māmā me nā moʻo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kaipi wai kiʻekiʻe.

G.S. Morozova"Viticulture me nā kumu kumu o ka ampelography", VO "Agropromizdat", Moscow, 1987

Pono e pālahalaha i ke kumu o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua waina a i ʻole ka lō ʻihi (5-8 kiʻekiʻe) ma ka lā. I mea e pale ai i nā mea kanu mai ka makani anuanu, ʻoi ʻia e waiho ʻia nā lālani o ka māla e hiki mai ana ma ke ʻano, nā pā kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau hua pākeke e hoʻomau ʻia i kahi pā i ka hoʻomau..

Pono nā mākeke maikaʻi i ka aila maikaʻi i ka lā āpau.

Ke lilo ʻana o kahi hua me ka hoʻohaʻomaʻo nui loa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hua waina ke ʻalohi i ka lepo, swamp, a me nā ʻāina paʻakai. I ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pūnaewele no ka kanu ʻana, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka pae kū i ka wai - ʻaʻole ia e emi iho ma lalo o ka 1.2-1.3 m mai ka honua aku.

No ke kanu ʻana, ua koho mākou i nā hua makahiki he 0.4-0.5 m kiʻekiʻe me ʻelima a ʻehiku ʻehiku a me kahi ʻāpana he ʻaneʻane ma kahi o 4-8 mm. I kahi hua huina me kahi pūnaehana hāmama, pono e nānā pono nā aʻa: pono lākou e keokeo, maʻemaʻe ʻole, me ka ʻole o ka mānoanoa a me ka pā.

Pono e hoʻomākaukau i nā kanu kanu pono e ola ai, me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino a ua loaʻa nā kihi ʻo 5-7

Inā kūʻai ʻia ka hua kanu i ka mahina mua, pono ke kanu ʻia i loko o kahi pahu me ka nui o ka ʻelua a i ʻelima mau lita (e like me ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana o ka aʻa) a waiho ʻia ma kahi mahana (+ 20-25^ºC) a hiki i ka manawa e pae ai i ka lepo. Ma ka waena waena, ʻo ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka kanu ʻana i nā hua waina no kahi paʻa mau ma ka māla aia ka hopena o Mei - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune, i ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ai ka ʻāina i ka + 12-15^ºC. Ma nā ʻāina hema, e kau ana ka wā kanu ma mua o kahi mahina ma mua o ʻApelila-Mei.

Nui nā ʻano like o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua waina: ma kahi lua, ma lalo o kahi ʻōpala, ma kahi puʻu eʻala. Mamuli o ka manawa o ka kanu a me ka ʻāina o ka mahi kālaina, koho ke ala kūpono loa. ʻO nā winegrowers akamai, hoʻolālā i ka kanu kanu, hoʻomākaukau i kahi lua kanu i ka hāʻule, e hoʻoulu ai me ka humus a i ʻole ka compost a waiho ia a hiki i ka pūnāwai. Inā ʻaʻohe kumu e like i ia, a laila i ka pūnāwai e pono e ʻohi i kahi lua i kahi mua, e pili ana i hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu.

He mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia e kanu i nā mea kanu me kahi ʻōnaʻo hāmama i ka puna, no ka mea ma mua o ka hoʻomaka o ka hopena o ka lāʻau ua loaʻa ka manawa e huki maikaʻi ai a hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo

Hiki paha i ka ʻāina ma ka wahi kanu. I kēia hihia, i ka wai no ka irrigation (kū, mahana + 20-28^ºC) 20-40 g o ka minamina paʻakikī mineral (nitroammophosk, azofosk, nitrophosk) a me 10-20 g o ka ammonium nitrate no 10 l o ka wai e hoʻohui.

Ke kanu nei i ka pūnāwai i kahi huʻuʻi me kahi pūnaehana ʻoi a paʻa (ZKS) e like me kēia:

1. Ma ka lalo o ka lua i hoʻopau ʻia pono ʻoe e hoʻopiha i ʻelua mau kaulua o ka liʻiliʻi (5-12mm) rubble liʻiliʻi, gravel a i ʻole e hoʻonui i ka pālolo no ka huki.
   

   Mālama ka ʻōpala a ka mea ʻōpala i ka palena o ka puʻu mai ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka wai

2. Hoʻomakeke ʻia kahi ʻano momona maikaʻi i loko o nā papa he 2 mau mau loko o ka lehu lāʻau, 2 mau bale o ka humus a i ʻole ka compost, 1 pahu o ke one a me 2 mau bale o ka turf (māla) honua; i ka huina, 4-5 mau ʻōpala o ka hui ʻana e kiʻi ʻia.
3. ʻO ka hapalua o ka lepo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ninini ʻia ma luna o ka pālahalaha, pono he puʻu liʻiliʻi kahi ma waena o ka lua, a kanu ʻia kahi mea kanu, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma mua o ka ipu. Pono ke aʻa o nā hua kanu ma ka hohonu o kahi o 0.45 m mai ka lepo.
   

   E hoʻokuʻu pono ʻia nā hua kanu mai ka pahu pahu a, e huli ana i ke poʻo ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, paʻa pū me nā pā o ka ʻāina i waenakonu o ka lua kai
4. No ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka hoʻohāinu a me ke kapa o luna, ua kau ʻia kahi paʻu wai ma hope o ka seedling (kahi kulu plastik me ka diameter o 8-10 mm me kahi pā perforated). Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua, pono e ʻoki ʻia ka paila i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 cm mai ka lepo.
   

   Hoʻokahi pahu kapili 60-70 cm ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana kūpono me nā lua i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao e hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hua huakaʻi

5. A laila hoʻohālike ʻia ka hua kanu me ka wai me ka hoʻomehana, a ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wai, uhi ʻia ʻo ia me ka koena lepo i 1/2 ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hua.
6. Hoʻohui ʻia ka wai ʻeleʻele a puni ka nahele me ka humus a i ʻole ka lau, mauʻu maloʻo.
   

   Ke hoʻokō nei ke kaʻina hana, e mālama i ka mako a me ka mālama maikaʻi o ka aʻa, ua uhi ʻia ka lepo a puni ka lāʻau me kahi uhi o ka mulch

7. I ka wā lulu, pono e hoʻopiha i kahi lua me kahi hua ʻōpiopio a piha i ka piko me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kahe ma luna o kahi kumu lāʻau 20-30 cm

Vitio: kanu i nā hua waina ma ke ʻano ākea

No nā ʻano ʻili loea, koʻikoʻi ia i ka mea e uhi ʻia ana ka lepo ma waena o nā lālani pua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mulch iā ia me ka mauʻu maloʻo, ʻōpiopio a lūlū i ka manure ʻala. Akā ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e mea hānai me ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻāina ma waena o nā lālani me kahi papa o ka puhaka, ka mea pono ke kālai ʻia maikaʻi a me ka hōʻiliʻili wela.. ^ E Ha yM. Pale kēia i ka mālama o ka ʻāina mai ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, e pale aku nō hoʻi i ka wai lawele a me kona hoʻoneʻe ʻana. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua waina.

ʻAi ʻai a hoʻoulu i nā hua waina

Ke ulu nui nei nā hua ʻona o nā ʻano loea, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kūpono kūpono a kiʻekiʻe paha i ka pono kūpono inā ʻike ʻia nā lula āpau o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiai, e komo pū ana i nā kanu o nā manina a me nā ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe ma kekahi mau mea o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Hoʻohui ʻia ka mea kanu nui ma ka lua kanu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pūnāwai a i ʻole i ka hāʻule, e like me ka manawa o ke kanu. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana no nā makahiki he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, ʻaʻole pono nā mea kanu.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua waina maikaʻi me ka waiwai organik (manure, humus, kompos) i hoʻokahi manawa ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki, 3-4 kg / m^² (ma nā ʻāina maikaʻi - 6-8 kg / m^²) Hoʻohana ʻia nā maʻalahi (ammonium nitrate, urea, superphosphate, paʻakai pākēmi) a me nā hōʻuluʻulu paʻakikī (nitrophoska, azofoska, ammofoska, nitroammofoska) e like me nā mea kanu mineral.

I ka pūnāwai, ua hoʻoulu ʻia nā fertilizers i loko o ka ʻano wai me ka hāʻule ʻana - ma ka momi - a i ʻole ke ʻano o kahi ʻalani.

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea kanu i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mea kanu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kapa ʻili ma ka aʻa a me nā foliar. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumu lāʻau i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau, foliar - ma ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā lau kumu waina.

Ke mālama nei i nā lāʻau waina, ua hānai ʻia lākou ma lalo o ke aʻa ma lalo o ʻehā mau manawa i ka manawa ulu.

1. I ka pūnāwai (ʻelua mau pule ma mua o ka pua) - urea, superphosphate a me ka paʻakai pākōhai. ʻO ka nui o nā mea kanu i hāpai ʻia ma muli o ka ʻano o ke kumuwaiwai a me nā kūlana e ulu ana a hoʻoholo ʻia e nā ʻōkuhi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Nitrogen a me nā pāhana paʻū i loko o ke ʻano wai, phosphoric - ma ka maloʻo.
   

   Hiki ke loli a Urea i ka ammonium nitrate.

2. Ma hope o ka pua, a hiki i ka huaʻai ke kiʻi i ka nui o kahi pā liʻiliʻi, ʻaihue ka lole o luna e like me ka punohu like, akā ua māhele ʻia ka māhele o ke aniani.
3. I Iune-Iulai, i ka manawa o ka hoʻopiha a me ka ʻoki ʻana o nā hua, ua hana ʻia ke kapa kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana ana me ka superphosphate a me ka paʻakai pākolo, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kanu nitrogen.
4. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ma Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa, hiki mai ka manawa no ka hānai hope loa. I kēia manawa, pono ka hāʻawi aku i ka lāʻau puaʻa ma ke ʻano o nā mea waiwai (humus a i ʻole ka compost) a me nā minima o ka minima ma ke ʻano he superphosphate, ka lehu lāʻau a me ka ammonium sulfate. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o ka hoʻomuʻu ʻia i loko o ka lepo ma waena o kahi wana no ka eli hohonu. Ma muli o ka mea e loaʻa i nā mea kanu ka hāʻawi i nā mea kanu no ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonui ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, maikaʻi maikaʻi ka hua waina.

Wikiō: ʻo ka kanu a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hua waina

I ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka wā lūlū mua paha, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, he mea maikaʻi loa ke mālama i ka nui lāʻau waina me nā mea hoʻomohala mineral e loaʻa ana nā mea trace (MicroMix Universal, Polydon Iodine) e like me nā kuhikuhi..

Hoʻokomo ka ʻaina Foliar i nā kaʻina pua, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā ovaries piha a hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku i ka maikaʻi o nā huaʻa, ko lākou ʻono a me nā momona gula, hoʻonui i ka hua mai ka lāʻau. ʻO ka manawa o ka lole lau foliar ma luna, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu, e hilinaʻi ana i kekahi manawa o ka hoʻolālā lāʻau. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pipi ʻia i kahi hebedoma ma mua o ka pua, ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka pua a ʻekolu mau pule ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. No kēia ʻanoʻai, hoʻohana i kahi infusion o ka lehu lāʻau a i hoʻomākaukau hoʻomākaukau ʻia paha:

• Plantafol
• Kemira
• Novofert,
• Haku

I mea e loaʻa ai kahi hopena maikaʻi, pono pono ʻoe e hahai i nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke ea no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hua puaʻa i manaʻo ʻia he lā me ka ea me ka mahana o ka ea ma kahi o 20^ºC (ʻaʻole i lalo i 15 a ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 25 degere.

Nā wikiō: nā ōlaʻi foliar ʻoi

ʻO nā kumulā o nā ʻano loea e pili ana i kahi moʻomeheu i kūlohelohe a pale ʻole i ka mālama. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pua, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻāpana o ka ulu ʻana, e mālama ana i ka pono, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o ka ua o ka ua. I ka makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi ma kahi mau, e pono ana ka seedling e kanu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka hebedoma. I ka hihia o ke ea wela i ka kauwela, e ʻae ʻia ka inu wai i kēlā me kēia lā a i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ma hope mai, i ke kaʻina o ka mālama ʻana i ka hua waina, hui ʻia ka irrigation me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, inā hiki, i ka ʻai ʻana o ka wai no hoʻokahi lāʻau ʻo 4-6 mauʻu (40-60 l). ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka mau pua i ka pūnāwai i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana; i ke kauwela, e hoʻopau ʻia ka wai i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule ma mua o ka make ʻana o nā hua.

No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i ke kumuwaina a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka ulu pakiaka i ka hāʻule ʻana ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lau e hoʻopō ai i ka wai (hope-kaohi) hoʻomoʻa. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo i nā lāʻau.

Wikiō: hoʻoilo pono i ka hua waina

Kākau

Hoʻoulu i nā hua waina o nā ʻano loea no ka uhi ʻana a me nā mea ʻole e uhi ai i nā mea kanu i nā ʻano o ke manawa. I kekahi hihia, pono e ʻokiʻoki i nā wana i ka wā o ka wā o ka mea kanu, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaʻina lāʻau. No nā ʻano ʻike loiloi ʻole me ka pale kūwaho kiʻekiʻe, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lāʻau i ka manawa o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, 15-20 mau lā ma hope o ka lau o ka lau, a hoʻomau i ka hoʻoilo i ka wā hoʻoilo (ma nā lā honu-lā) a hiki i ka pua e wehe ai i ka pūnāwai. ʻO ka palena no ka hana ʻokiʻoki e hoʻohaʻahaʻa wale ana i ke ahi ma lalo o elima mau kiʻekiʻe.

No ka uhi ʻana i nā hua waina, mālama ʻia ka manawaleʻa i ʻelua mau ʻāpana.

• mua (gugur) - ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu a me ka noho ʻana o nā lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo. Hana ʻia ke kanu ʻia ma luna o kahi kumuwaina i ʻoki ʻia e hana i nā pilina hua hou.
• kumu (puna) - ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i nā pua i ke kakahiaka nui, ma mua o ka hāwā ʻana o nā pua.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o nā hua hua o ka lāʻau (mau maka) a ua paʻa ka pono o ka lāʻau. I ka wā o ka uhai ʻana i ka puna, ua palupalu nā mea āpau, nāwaliwali a me nā momona momona, nā pānaʻu kahiko me ka ʻole o nā hua waina

ʻO ka ukana o ka ulu lāʻau e nā wana (maka) ka helu o nā hua hua i koe ma luna o ka lāʻau ma hope o ka kanu. Hāʻawi ia i kahi makana kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole e hōʻemi i ka ikaika o nā pua i nā makahiki ma hope.

Aia nā ʻano ʻike o ke kākala: pōkole, a hiki i ka maka 4 - ma nā pūnaʻi mōʻīwahine, capitate a me nā mea hoʻonohono, nā puʻu o ke ʻano hou; ka awelika, a hiki i ka 7-8 mau maka - i ka wā kanu i nā hua waina o ka hapa nui o ka nui ma ka uhi uhi; loa, mai 9 a 14 mau maka - ma nā ʻano ikaika a me ka moʻomeheu gazebo. I ka nui o nā wahi viticulture, hoʻohana ʻia nā hua kāwili - nā pōkole a me nā manawa

A.Yu. Rakitin "Ke ulu nui nei. Nā ʻōpala gula o ke Kulanui ʻo Timiryazev." Lik Press Publishing House, Moscow, 2001

No nā ʻano loea ʻenehana, aia kahi'ōnaehana i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka hua waina i ka uhi uhi ʻana o ka māla ʻana:

• a hiki i 4-5 mau maka - nā wīwaliwali nāwaliwali me kahi anawaena o 5-6 mm;
• mai 8 a 10 paha oii - nā ʻano mua (Aligote, ʻenehana Muscat ʻeleʻele);
• mai ka 2 a hiki i ka 14 ocelli - nā waena waena a me hope (Cabernet Sauvignon, Traminer, ke ʻano hui Muscat keʻokeʻo).

Wikiō: kaʻenehana hua waina

Hoʻolālā maikaʻi i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki

Hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻano o varietal, nā ʻano ʻenehana āpau no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu:

• paʻa paʻa;
• nā ʻanoʻokoʻa me ke kūleʻa pale;
• hiki ʻole i nā maʻi kukuna a me nā phylloxera.

Hoʻokomo pū ka pūʻulu hui mua i nā ʻano like ʻole, maʻamau me ka kūwaho kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe, kahi kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻia o nā ʻāpana ʻākau a me ke kime climatic waena. ʻO kēia kēia Crystal, Platovsky, Ruby, Azos, Stanichny. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano Zelenoluchsky Rubin, Stremenny, Cabernet Sauvignon i nā maʻi maʻi, a ʻo Platovsky, Cabernet AZOS, Krasnostop AZOS, Mea Hālalo o Magarach e hoʻomanawanui i ka phylloxera. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hua waina o kēia mau ʻano ma lalo o nā kūlana e ulu ai no ka pale ʻana i nā fungicides. Hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau pīpī i ka wā e ulu nei.

No ka hana palekana palekana, ka mākaukau hoʻomākaukau ʻana o Kemira, ʻo Fitosporin me ka hoʻohui ʻana o Zircon, a me kahi pūnao o ka permanganate pākahi. I ka wā mua, ke kuhi ʻia e pīpī i ka lāʻau me ka 3% hoʻopiʻi o Bordeaux (300 g o ka hui i kēlā me 10 mau wai o ka wai) a i ʻole 5% hopena o ka hao sulfate (500 g no 10 liters o ka wai).

Vitio: hana hōʻeuʻeu i nā hua waina mai nā maʻi maʻi

Pono nā hua waina o ke kūleʻa a me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā fungi e mālama pono ʻia me nā fungicides i nā manawa āpau o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu. No ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā lāʻau, hoʻohana ʻia nā hana ikaika a ikaika hoʻi ma mua o ka hana mālama: Ridomil Gold, Champion, Quadris 250, Acrobat, Sumylex. Wahi a nā lula o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiai, ua hana ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka hua waina i nā manawa ʻelima i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

• i ka wā e wehe ai i nā pua i ke kakahiaka nui;
• me ka wehe ʻana o ka pūpū a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua o nā lau;
• ma mua o ka pua (7-10 lā);
• ma hope o ka pua (20-30 mau lā ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana);
• ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o ka hua waina ma mua o ka noho ʻana no ka hoʻoilo.

I ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kāʻei o ka hopena fungicide no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, pono pono nā mākaukau o nā ʻōlelo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau. E hoʻōla i ke ʻano mālie, i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi paha, ke nānā ʻana i nā lula palekana (ka hōʻea, nā ʻaina, nā lole lole lōʻihi).

Video: pale i ka māla mai ka maʻi

ʻO nā pōpilikia e pili pinepine ana i ka hua waina i loaʻa i nā aphids hua waina - phylloxera, nā pūnaewele spider a me nā mite grape, ʻo nā pōpō pata (ʻōpala hoʻi a me nā ʻoka). Hoʻopilikia iki nā lāʻau ikaika a maikaʻi i nā pōpilikia. ʻO ke kī i ke kūʻē maikaʻi ʻana iā lākou ʻo ka lawe pinepine ʻana i ka lepo mai nā lau, nā mea ʻaihue ka luna a me ka inu ʻana, ka pono ʻana o nā kumu lāʻau, a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā maʻi kūlohelohe i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hua waina.

Kōkua: phylloxera - hui aphid

Hoʻopau i ka phylloxera e ka hoʻomaʻama pinepine ʻana i nā lāʻau me ka dichloroethane a i ʻole mau ʻōmaʻomaʻi manuahi ʻo Aktellik a me Kinmiks.. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka lanakila nui o ka māla e nā aphids, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lāʻau ma lalo o ke aʻa a puhi. Me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka pēpē he "folk folk" pā kanu ʻia i kanu ʻia ma ka pihi o ka pā waina a i nā pā, kahi mea e haki ai i ka aphids.

No ke kūleʻa i nā kuʻekuʻe, hoʻohana ʻia nā mākau hana insecticidal Tiovit Jet, Phosphamide a me kahi 2% hopena o ka ʻoloka colloidal (200 g o kaʻaila i 10 lita o ka wai) e hoʻohana ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi palapala palekana e nā ʻoihana kūwaho no nā pōpoki - Actofit, Haupsin, Fitoverm. Ua luku ʻia nā Leafworms e ka pānaʻi ʻana i nā hua waina me nā mea make pū kekahi ʻo Arrivo, Fastak, Fufanon, Karbofos, Aktara. Me ka nui o nā anuhe, ka hopena maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā wana me ka lāʻau maʻi lāʻau Bitoxibacillin.

Wikiō: ka hana ʻana i nā hua waina mai kahi hua waina (itching)

ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau maikaʻi ʻenehana maikaʻi loa

ʻO nā mea e hoʻoholo ai i ke koho ʻana i kahi papa loea loea i ka manawa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ai nā hua, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ke kūʻē ʻana i nā maʻi a me ke ʻano o ka hau. I nā kūlana kākela o ka waena waena, nā ʻāpana ʻākau, nā Urals a me Siberia, pono ia e ulu i nā hua ulu mua. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAe ka ʻōpō ʻana mua i ka hua e ʻohi i ka nui o nā puna pono i mua o ka hopena o ka manawa, a me ke kumu waina - ke kū maikaʻi a hoʻomākaukau i ka hoʻoilo. Ma nā kaina hema, waena, lōkahi a pōkole i kanu ʻia i nā ʻano kanu palu, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia e ka pōkī a koi pono i kahi wela nui (me kahi huina keu o nā mahana ikaika o nā lula he 3000 mau māka).

Wikiō: nā ʻano waina maikaʻi maikaʻi aʻe o ka waina

Nā lāʻau waina ʻōpala mua

No nā wahi o ka viticulture ʻākau, ʻo ka mea nui loa ka nui o ka ʻano me ka wā e ulu pōkole ana, e hoʻomaka ana i ka wā o nā hua a me ke kūwili kiʻekiʻe.

• Kauike
• Bianca
• ʻO ka ʻōpalaʻeleʻele a me ka ʻulaʻula
• Lākana
• Hōʻalo iā Sharov,
• Platovsky,
• Ka Makana a Magarach,
• ʻO Rkatsiteli Magaracha a me kekahi helu ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi loa e manaʻo ʻia i zoned ma kahi hāʻawi.

Inā nui ka winemaking ma ka nui o ka viticulture ma ia wahi, a laila hana ʻia nā ʻano hua like i kā lākou mau pahu waiwai no ka hana ʻana i ka waina.

Wikiō: ʻApau hua ʻōpala o Sharov

Palapala: nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā māka loea mua

* Noi aku nā ʻano like ʻole o ka papa inoa o nā makana no nā Mokuʻāina i ʻae ʻia no ka Hoʻohui ʻana ma kahi ʻoihana ʻĀpana.

Wikiō: Nā pā waina waina Platovsky

ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi: nā ʻōpū waina ʻina mua

Nā momo hua waina

Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano loea i ka hopena ma mua o ka wā lohi (mai 135 a 160 mau lā), kahi e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili i ka hopena o Kepakemapa - ʻ earlylelo o ʻOkakopa. Kūpono ʻia ia mau ʻano e ka ani ʻana o nā kūkulu hema i ka lā wela lōʻihi. Ma ke kumu, ulu nā hua waina i loko o ka moʻomeheu uhi ʻole. A laila e hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i ka winemaking.

Palapala: nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā helu loiloi hope

* Noi ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole o ka papa inoa o nā loiloi mokuʻāina no ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka ulu ʻana i kahi ʻenehana ʻoihana.

Hōʻailona kiʻi: nā waina waina i hala

Video: ʻAi ʻina na Aliberna

Ka waina waina kīʻaha, i hana ʻia me kou lima ponoʻī mai kāu mau punahele punahele o nā lā keu - ka mea hiki ke tastier a maikaʻi loa. Nui nāʻaina o nā waina maikaʻi mai nā Cabernet Sauvignon aloha, Isabella, Merlot, Aligote, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka Muscat. Ua ʻimi anei ʻoe i ka waina? Loaʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano waina i kona mau pono a me nā hemahema: he ʻono nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe, akā ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ke kō, ʻo ka ʻē aʻe kekahi, ua nui ka nui o ke kō, a maʻalahi ka ʻono. Makemake au e kahele aku i nā hoʻomanaʻo o koʻu wā ʻōpio, e like me koʻu kupunawahine i hana ai i ka waina. He nui kāna mau ʻono, me nā ʻano waina, akā aia kekahi, ʻo ka mea i aloha ʻia. Hiki ke inu ʻokoʻa me ka hakahaka ʻole ʻana, a i ka wā ʻaina "holo ʻo ia" ʻo ia mua loa. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻāhū mua nā hua waina Saperavi ma mua o kekahi ma ke kumu - kāhea kona kupuna kāne iā ia "Georgia". ʻAʻole wau makemake iā ia - huʻawaʻa a ʻeke ʻole. I ka hopena o Kepakemapa i hōʻiliʻili ai nā hua Saperavi maikaʻi i ko lākou kala hohonu hohonu, ʻokiʻī ke kupuna kāne i nā kumulāʻau mai ka lāʻau, i hoʻolele ʻia i ka wai a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi "kolo" - kahi pā wali nui. Ua ʻeha ʻia nā hua me kahi paepae lāʻau nui - "bastard", e like me koʻu kupuna kāne i kapa ʻia. Ma hope o ka lepo, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi kōpili liʻiliʻi i ka slurry i haki ʻia, ua uhi ʻia nā kīʻaha me kahi ʻāpana a paʻa i ka lumi kihikihi, ma ka wahi wela loa o ka hale. Ma laila ʻo ia e kū ai no kekahi mau lā. Ua kāwili ʻia ʻo makuakāne i ka ʻakaʻaka i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana no ka pūmū a ala aʻe i luna o ka piko. Kahi ʻia ka ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka slurry, a me ka ʻiole momona i ʻāmi ʻia ma ka lumi kuke. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻo ka pulpula, ka mea i kapa ʻia he peni no ka mea inu waina, i huki ʻia a hoʻoili ʻia ma kahi sieve. Hoʻohui ʻia ka Sugar mai ka mea i loaʻa ka wai mālamalama mālamalama, i ninini ʻia i loko o ka hue nui, a ua kau ʻia ka pale manuahi ma luna o ka ʻāʻī. I hoʻokahi pule i hala aku nei, ua like ke ʻano o ke kūwili ma ke aniani i kahi lima kanaka - ua ʻā mai ka huehū ʻala pōkā. Kuhi aku ʻo makuakāne i ke kō i ka wai hoʻomoʻala ʻia ʻekolu mau manawa a kau hou i ka pulima ma ka hue. No hoʻokahi mahina i hala, a hoʻokahi lā maikaʻi i pau ai ka palupalu, hoʻoheheʻe, snickled a ʻōlelo ʻia ke kupuna kāne: "ʻAe!". Hoʻopili ʻia ka wai kaila polū mai loko o ka puhuhulu ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia no hoʻokahi mahina i kahi hale maloʻo no ka hoʻokō ʻana a me ka wehewehe. ʻOiai ʻo koʻu kupuna kāne e hana ana i ka waina mai Saperavi, ma kahi he hoʻokahi pule ma hope ua ʻala nā hua ʻala ʻeleʻele o ʻOpiana - kaʻu punahele, me ka momona, ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kahi ʻeleʻele, aneane ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻOi makemake nui wau i ka wai momona hou mai kēia hua waina, me kahi ʻano leʻama ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi loa a ka muscat. Hele nā ​​hua ʻai o ka ʻĀpika Opiana i nā kaʻina like me Saperavi. I hoʻokahi pule - ʻumi mau lā ma hope o ke opiana, e ʻohi ana ke kupuna kāne i nā ʻano hou loa i loko o kona māla waina - ʻo Odessa ʻEleʻele. Makemake nui wau i kēia ʻano i kahi ʻano kīʻaha ʻokoʻa o nā huaʻai - ua like like ia me ka hoʻonaninani o nā cherries. I ka wā i mākaukau ai ka waina ʻōpio mai Odessa ʻeleʻele, a me nā ʻano o mua, ua hohonu loa i ka pā o ka pā. Ua lawe aku ʻo kupuna kāne i nā hue inu waina mai ka hale inu a ua hoʻomaka ka wānana maoli. Lawe ʻo ia i kahi o kēlā me kēia waina a hui iā lākou i kahi mahele. Ua hoʻāʻo wau, lulu koʻu poʻo i ka huhū a hoʻohui hou. "ʻO ka ʻono a me ka momona o Odessa lāua ʻo Black Opiana, ʻaʻole e hoʻopili i ko ka huaʻala ʻo Saperavi, akā e hui pū me ia. Ma ke kū ʻana o ke kaʻina ʻana o ka hoʻōla ʻana, ua ninini ʻia ka mea inu waina maikaʻi i loko o nā hue wai a hoʻouna ʻia i ka hale hale hale no ka ʻala hope loa a me ka hoʻoliina. Ma ka lā ʻOi Makahiki Hou, ua mālama ʻia ka "ʻaha inu o nā akua" ma ka papa ʻaina.Ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo ʻole, nā ʻōhū koʻikoʻi o nā plums a me nā cherries i hoʻopuni ʻia me ka nutmeg maʻa, a ʻo ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o ka waina i hana i ka ʻoliʻoli maoli.

Nā ʻano hua ʻili ʻaka kikowaena ma Ukraine

Hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano o nā aniani ākea ma luna o ka ʻāina ʻo Ukraine, aneane nā ʻano hua ʻai like i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna e kūpono i ka ulu ʻana i nā kūlana kūloko o kekahi ʻāina. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Ukraine, hiki i nā hua hau-kū ʻole me ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka wā e hoʻomaka ai, i loko o waena a me nā lālā hema, nā ʻāpana waena a i hala paha, i kahi moʻomeheu uhi.

ʻO nā hua waina o nā manaʻo Chardonnay a me Riesling Rhine, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻano lewa. He ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano hua lihi. ʻO nā ʻano ʻelua i kūlohelohe ʻole ai, kūpaʻa a hiki i ke -18-20^ºC, akā i ka hoʻoilo, makemake lākou i kahi e malu ai. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā hua waina i ka maʻi me nā maʻi fungal (ʻoi aku ka oidium), no laila, koi ʻo ia ke hana maʻamau mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki. I ka winemaking, hoʻohana nā ʻano Riesling Rhine a me Chardonnay e hana i nā ʻinā keʻokeʻo maʻa.

Wikiō: nā ʻano hoʻohālike ʻo Riesling a me Chardonnay

ʻO ka hua lāʻau Merlot thermophilic he kumu Farani, akā ua lōʻihi loa ia i paʻa i nā māla waina o Ukraine hema. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hua uliuli uliuli-ākea e kahi ʻono nani me kahi ʻano nighthade mua. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai ʻala o kēia māla i ka hana o nā papaʻaina a me nā mea ʻula ʻula ʻono.

Wikiō: Nā ʻano waina waina a Merlot

ʻO ka wahine maikaʻi ʻo Isabella maikaʻi loa ua manaʻo ʻia he "ʻano o ke ʻano ʻano." Malia paha, ʻaʻohe ʻāina like ʻole a i ka papa pilikino paha ma ka ʻĀina a i hema paha, kahi o nā hua ʻeleʻele-uliuli i ʻike maoli i ka nui me ka ʻono o ka puʻu lauwā, ʻokoʻa ʻole no kēia moʻomeheu. ʻO Isabella kekahi manawa a hoʻopuni i nā hua waina Lydia, ʻo ka waina hoʻi kekahi, akā me nā hua o burgundy. ʻO ka mea uhi ʻole e uhi ai i ka mahi ʻana, i hui pū ʻia me ka paʻakikī nui o ka hoʻoilo a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi, e hiki ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pua ʻo Isabella no ka hoʻonani ʻana i nā pā kuahi, nā arika a no ka hoʻoliiho ʻana i nā paia o ka hale. Ma muli o ka mālama pono ʻole a me ka hiki ke hana i ka waina maikaʻi maikaʻi mai ka hua waina i hiki ke hiki i kahi māla huaʻai hou ke kanu i kēia ʻano a loaʻa i ka hōʻili maikaʻi hua momona.

Wikiō: nā hua waina Isabella

Nā loiloi o nā winegrowers

Riesling Rhine. He ʻelua wale kaʻu lāʻau i kēia manawa, kānalua wau inā e mae wale ia. ʻO kēia makahiki ka hua mua mua, ka nui o ka mole 23.8, akā ʻaʻole wau e noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi i kēia hōʻailona maikaʻi - he makahiki maikaʻi, he lihi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole au e hoʻolālā e hana i kahi kaumaha nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana, 2-3 kg mai ka laʻala, e kaua mākou no ka maikaʻi o ka waina. Hiki ke hoʻonaninani puna i ka wai i loko o kēia ʻano he 16 a 40 brix (ʻo kēia kahi ma ka puka i ka wā e ʻūʻū ai i ka huehina i kaʻeke hau i ka ʻili hau). E like me ka mea a Valuyko i kākau i loko o ka puke "Grape Wines," ka loiloi loa ka nānā i ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻo Riesling me ka waihona o ka honi o 17%, akā ʻo ka mea maoli ua loaʻa nā loina momona ma waena o nā hua waina i hala, i.e. me nā manaʻo iʻoi aʻe ke kō. I mea e loaʻa ai ka waina maikaʻi mai kēia ʻano like ʻole, e lawa ka nui o ka mea kō kaila ma aneane 17 a ma luna aʻe. I Kelemania, hana lākou i nā wina maikaʻi loa me ka pae o ka waiʻona a hiki i ka 9%, ʻoiai ke kaulike maikaʻi loa ka waina, momona, i kekahi manawa me ke koena gula, i ko mākou manaʻo he semi-maloʻo.

Prikhodko Alexander, Kiev//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1925

Aloha kākou mai Magnitogorsk. ʻO 8 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kanu i ka Alpha mua (ua ʻoki a hāʻule ʻole nā ​​ʻoki i nā lima). Nā huaʻai no 5 mau makahiki. Pau mau nō. Ma laila ua aʻo wau e ʻoki, hoʻohālikelike. I kēia manawa me ka hūnā ʻole i ka pale. Hoʻomaka ka pala momona pink e hoʻohua i kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka lāʻau ʻoi aku paha e pili ana iā 5 mau makahiki he ʻelima, akā pono e hele ʻia i kekahi wahi i ka makahiki 3 o ka makahiki. Ma Alpha i ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻApelila, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo ia iā Aleshenkin ma ʻekolu mau ala - me kahi pale, i ʻoki a ʻoki i kahi wāha. Ua hala iki ʻo Pasoka. Hoʻoholo wau i hoʻāʻo wale, ae no ka mālama kālā - ma hope o nā mea, ʻo Alpha ka mea mua, a lawe ʻia ka wahi maikaʻi loa - ua hoʻoholo wau e hoʻāʻo iā ia. Lele ma ke kuahiwi, he lauka ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, hema hema. Manaʻo wau i nā kūlana kūpono no kā mākou ʻāina.

ʻO Vic, Magnitogorsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=62&page=5

Ua hauʻoli ʻo Harvest Aligote. Hoʻokiʻoki i ka lā 1 ʻOkakopa. I ka awelika, mai ka lāʻau ulu o ka makahiki ʻehā o nā mea kanu, ua loaʻa ka 7.7 kg. ʻAʻole i kuʻi ka hua. I kekahi mau pua a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻūliki 4 mauʻu, aʻo ka ʻūhū ʻana o nā māla ʻelua a ʻo nā māla maikaʻi hoʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻano pālahalaha, i ka wā e hoʻomālamalama ana i nā pēpē o ka puhi ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale ʻia, hoʻohui wale ʻia ka tan a me ke kō. Nani ka maikaʻi o ke kau.

vilend Victor, Kharkov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4830&page=3

Bianca He maikaʻi loa nā ʻano. Ke ulu wau i kahi 8 mau makahiki i kahi ʻano kuahiwi a ke manaʻo nei wau ʻo kahi ʻano ka mea maikaʻi loa nona. Aia kiʻekiʻe ka huahana, paʻa. No ka laʻana o ka makahiki i hala, ua lawe au i kahi 18-20 kg mai kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kēia makahiki iā ia i kahi ākea hou, manaʻo wau e kiʻi hou aku - me nā ʻano lewa i hoʻohālina i ka piha o ka ukana holoʻokoʻa, hōʻoki wale wau i nā ʻūhā make "make" loa me nā inflorescences. Kūpono kaila ma ka 50 a i ka 200 g. Ma ka pana, e like me ka ikaika o kona ulu ʻana, ke waiho nei au mai 2 a 3 mau bunches (i.e. aneane āpau a aneane paha). He kiʻekiʻe ke kūleʻa paʻakikī, i koʻu mau kūlana i ka Iulai-ʻAukake i kekahi manawa ma kahi mau wahi e kiʻi iki ai i ka palulu. ʻAʻole pili ʻia nā hua maka i kekahi mea. Ka wai momona nui a Bianchi a me ka wai momona. I nā kūlana o ka "wild" fermentation, ʻike ʻia he waina semisweet māmā me nā mea kani sherry. Hōʻawale ka ʻaihue manuahi (hoʻāʻo wau iā ʻoe: Ke kākau nei wau no kaʻu mau kūlana).

Poskonin Vladimir Vladimirovich, Krasnodar//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4351

Hoʻokumu i nā ʻano ʻano loea ʻenehana, ua koho ʻo kēlā me kēia mākeke punahele i kēlā me kēia mea i kūpono loa i kāna mau makemake. Ka waina homemade kūwaho, nā mea ʻala a me nā wai waina maikaʻi, ʻoiholi, churchkhela - ʻaʻole kēia papa inoa piha o ka yummy, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai kāu hua waina.