Pono nā kānaka a pau e ʻai i nā hua waina, no ka mea ʻo kēia mau huaʻaina ʻaʻole wale ʻoluʻolu wale nō, akā no ka mea nui loa. Inā makemake ʻoe e ulu ulu waina iā ʻoe iho, pono ʻoe e ʻike pono i nā ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole. No nā poʻe aloha ʻōpala "huaʻāina", hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo i nā papa ʻaina o Kaleponi o nā ʻeke huaʻeleʻele Cardinal, kahi e hāʻawi mua ai i nā hōʻiliʻili mua.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā mea kanu i nā hua waina Cardinal
Ua hala pinepine ʻo Cardinal Cardinal i kekahi manawa lōʻihi - i ke waenakonu o ke kenekulia hope. Kuhi ʻia e nā kahu pua ʻo Kaleponi E. Snyder lāua ʻo F. Harmon ma ke kumu ʻo ke kaʻi ʻana aku i nā ʻano aliʻi Queen i nā māla waina a me Alfons Lavalle. Ua lūlū hou ka ʻano like ʻole i Italia, Yugoslavia, Helene, Farani a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻEulopa.
I ka makahiki 1958, lawe ʻia ka Kardina i Lūkini Soviet mai Farani (Montpellier Nursery), mai ka makahiki 1965 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hōʻike i nā ʻano hōʻike like ʻole o ka mokuʻāina, a mai ka makahiki 1974 ua hoʻokūkū paʻa ʻia ka mea like ʻole ma ka papa inoa o nā hoʻokō o nā mokuʻāina. Zofona i ka ʻĀkau o Caucasus, a mai hope 2004 - i ka pae o Vol Volga.
Hoʻomaʻo nā hua waina i kā Cardinal a me kāna mau ʻano i ke kiʻi
- Loaʻa i ka ʻAma Cardinal i loaʻa e ka poʻe Lūkini ma kahi ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hau
- Ka uhi ʻia o nā huaʻai cardinal me kahi ulana pōkā
- Kūʻokoʻa ka cardinal mai kona "makua" i kahi nui loa i nā maʻi
Ua lilo ka kāleka nui i kumu kumu nui o nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻoka Cardapa Anapa i loaʻa ma Rū, a me ka Moldovan Cardinal stabilally, ka mea i loaʻa i ke kāʻei ʻana i ke Kardinal me nā hua waina ʻo Cavuleni.
ʻO ka wehewehe o nā ʻano Cardinal like ʻole
ʻO Cardinal he papa pākaukau me ka wā mua o ka wā e ulu ai - mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa e ulu a hiki i ka hiki ʻana o nā paʻila mua, he mau lā he 105-110 mau lā.
Kānā ʻia nā nāhelehele no kā lākou ulu kiʻekiʻe, ke kiʻekiʻe nei o 3 m. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole, no ka mea he 70 mau hua kumulāʻau e haku ʻia ma kēlā me kēia mea kanu, ma ka awelika 1-2 mau pūkula e haku ʻia ma kēlā me kēia. E kue nā vine i ka 1/2 a 2/3 o ka lōʻihi. He pohala nā greens, nā lau he nui, māhule, ʻaʻohe pubescence, me nā niho triangular ma ke kihi. ʻO nā pua heʻano kūʻokoʻa.
Nā mea hana o ka cylindrical-conical ʻano (i kekahi manawa me ka ʻēheu), ka nui, akā hemo. ʻO ia no ka lōʻihi o ke kuʻi me ka lōʻihi o 25-30 cm ka nui o ka 300-600 g.
He nui nā hua a puni ʻo Cardinal.
ʻO ka nui o ka hua oval a i ʻole ka pōpoki-oval. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa o ka huaʻa he alana i luna ma ka ʻili. Hoʻomalima ʻia ka ʻāʻī palolo polū puli ʻulaʻula me kahi kāʻei i poni ʻia. ʻO ke kala o ka wai momona, he loko iʻa maloʻo he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-keʻokeʻo. Ua huna ʻia nā hua he 3-4 i loko o nā pulina. Ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻana i nā hua laʻa, momona-momona, me kahi mea ʻala muscat māmā. ʻAʻole nui ka haʻahaʻa o ke kō i loko o nā huaʻai - 16-18%, loaʻa ka nui o ka waikawa i ka 7-8 g / l.
Hoʻapuʻu ʻAla Kūʻai ma ke wikiō
Hoʻololi ʻano
Loaʻa nā ʻaoʻao Cardinal ʻelua i nā pono a me nā pono.
Nā pono:
- ʻōpala mua;
- nā huahana kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i ka 20-25 kg mai 1 bush);
- hiki ke mālama i kahi lōʻihi no ka loaʻa ʻole o ka maikaʻi;
- kuʻumau;
- momona maikaʻi.
Loaʻa i nā pono:
- hūnā ʻole i ka emi ʻana o ke kaohi i ka manawa ulu (ʻo ka hoʻokahe ʻana o nā ovary a me nā pua pua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hua);
- ʻaʻole paʻa ka hana;
- nonoke ole o ka ʻūhū ʻana o nā hua ma loko o nā lupe;
- ʻāʻilihune hoʻoilo loloa;
- ua kūle ka pōʻino i nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia;
- ka pololei o ka lepo ʻana a me ka waiho ʻana (hiki i ke ʻano ke loli).
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kanu a me ka ulu
Kūkā ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka hua e hiki mai ana e ke kanu mākaukau.
Ke koho nei i kahi no kahi Kardinal, pono ʻoe e hoʻomau e noʻonoʻo pono ʻo ia i ke anu. No laila, pono e hoʻolauna i kahi wahi paʻa maikaʻi, i pale ʻia mai ka makani anuanu. ʻO nā ʻāina he kūpono loa no kēia ʻano he chernozems a i ʻole nā māka.
ʻO nā ala o ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i nā hua waina
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻolaha i ka ʻano Cardinal ma ke kāwili ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki ma kahi kumukūʻai pākeke, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea a pau o Shasla X Berlandieri a i kahi Berlandieri X Riparia, he mea kūleʻa i nā kūlana pōʻino. Pono nā mākaukau e hoʻomākaukau mākaukau. ʻO ka maʻamau ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia ʻana i ka hāʻule, i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana o nā māla no ka hoʻoilo. He paipai ʻia e lawe i ka pua mai ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka hua hua me ka diameter o 7-10 mm, me kahi lōʻihi internode e pili ana i 8 cm. Nā lau, nā ʻoki hope, nā pīpī i wehe ʻia mai ka mea laha. Aia ma kahi o nā kaupaona liʻiliʻi he 4. No ka mea e mālama ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki a hiki i ke kahawai, pono ʻia e uhi i ka ʻoki me ka paraffin a e pā i nā ʻokiʻoki ma ka pā o lalo o ka friji.
I mea e pale ai i ka ʻoki i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o ka paraffin leble
ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka pale ʻana i ka wai, mai ka hopena o ka makahiki hope o ʻApelila a me ka mua o Mei.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nahele rootstock kahiko, waiho ana i kahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka ʻeke a hiki i ka maʻemaʻe holo. Pono e ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka stock i waenakonu, me ka akahele, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pāpale koi a me kahi hamala. I ka mahele ʻokoʻa i ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka paʻa, ʻoki ʻia i kahi kihi mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
Pono e kiʻi ʻia ka pūnaewele huakaʻi i kahi paʻa loa i ka hiki
Pono e huki paʻa loa ka lāʻau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi kaula o ka lole ikaika a paʻa i ka pālolo. Kūkulu ʻia ka lāʻau i kāula ʻia me nā ʻōpua 3-4 he wai a hamch ka lepo a puni ka lāʻau me ka pit a me ka sawdust.
ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka hua waina i ka shtamb - wikiō
ʻO kahi ala e hiki ʻole ai ke kanu i ka Cardinal ʻo ka kanu ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki. Pono ke kūleʻa ʻana o nā ʻokiʻoki, ikaika. ʻO ka nui o nā maka e liʻiliʻi ma ka 2-3. Hiki ke ulu aʻe nā ʻoki i loko o ka wai a hiki i ka puka ʻana o nā aʻa. He mea kūpono i ka kanu ʻana iā lākou i ka hoʻoulu ulu (sodium humate) ma mua o ke kanu. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki ma ka ʻāina i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, ʻōmole me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka potassium-phosphorus a me nā meaola. ʻO nā hemahema o kēia kaʻina kumu ka pono o ka mālama mahana. Pono ka pae o ka ʻāina ma ka liʻiliʻi o +10 e pili anaC, a me ka lewa - ʻaʻole i emi iho ma lalo o +15 e pili anaC, inā ʻole e ʻoki maʻalahi ka ʻokiʻoki.
E hoʻomoʻa i ke aʻa, kāwī ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i ka wai
Nā Kūlana Hoʻolāleʻa
Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka cardinal maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama. Ma lalo o nā kūlana ulu e hiki ʻole ai, ʻo ka ʻoni a me nā pala o ka ovary, e hoʻomaka ana.
Nui loa ka ʻōiwi i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me ka ke ahonui ʻana. Pono e hoʻomoʻa ka makika o ka lepo, akā mau nō: me ka nui o ka ea, ua pākoki a huaʻai ka hua. Ma mua o ka wai kūlohelohe, pono ia e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻoheheʻe. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, pono e hoʻohāinu ʻia nā hua waina i nā manawa 3-4 i kēlā me kēia kau. Pono pono ka umikue no nā māla i ka wā o ka wā māhua a ma ka wā o ka ovary formation. Ma lalo o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, pono ia e ninini i nā wai he 1-2 o ka wai, ʻoluʻolu loa i ka mahana.
No ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i ka lepo, ua paipai ʻia e pani i ka ʻōpala i me ka mulch mai ka mauʻu i ʻoki a i ʻole ka wahie.
E wehe i ka lepo me ka mauʻu e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka mako i ka lepo
Pono ka hānai hua lāʻau. I nā ʻāina wela, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i ke ʻano Cardinal i loko o ke ʻano o kahi lāʻau me kahi koʻo kiʻekiʻe - i kēia hihia, hāʻawi mai nā hua waina i nā hua kiʻekiʻe, a ʻokoʻa nā mau pua i ka nui a me ka ʻano nani.
Ma nā wahi anu, ua hana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau i like me ka mea aloha a i ʻole kahi dona ʻelua.
E kiʻi i kahi cordon, ʻelua ʻano kūleʻa nui ma ke kumulāʻau, e hoʻouna ʻia ana ma ka ʻaoʻao i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole ma ke kuele. Ma nā māla nui, lawe ʻia nā pua a pau, koe wale nō ka poʻe e kū ana, e kau ʻia ana ma nā lihi maʻamau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā trellis.
Kuhi o ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā hua waina i ke ʻano o kahi cordon ʻelua - pono ke wikiō
Ke kiʻi ʻo ka hānai ma ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole i koena i nā hua hua 13-14 e waiho ʻia, a me ka huina o ka maka he 25-30. I ka makahiki mua, kau ʻia ka ʻāpana maʻamau, ma ka lua - 4 a i ʻole nā "sleeves" (mau kihi ulu) e hoʻokumu ʻia, kahi e kau ai nā hua lāʻau ma ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki ʻekolu.
Loaʻa ka fananao ʻo 3 mau makahiki
Hoʻopili i ka hoʻouluʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, pono ke Cardinal i ke kapa o ka lole. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ola ma ke ʻano o ka wai a i nā puna ma ka puna a me ka lūlū ma ka welching ʻana i nā lāʻau me kahi papala (5-8 cm) kō o ka pupuk.
Hoʻohui i nā mea ola, pono e hānai i nā hua waina me nā minuke (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka pālahalaha paʻakikī). Hana ʻia kēia i nā manawa 3-4 i ka wā e ulu ana: ke puka mai nā lau, ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā pua, ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kala a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili.
ʻO ka pīpī ʻana me ka hana o ka hao sulfate e kōkua i ke hoʻopau ʻana i kekahi o nā hemahema o ka ʻano like ʻole - ka ʻū ʻana ʻole o ka hua o nā hua like.
ʻOiai ke kūleʻa nei ka Cardinal i nā maʻi, pono ia e hoʻokō i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pale i ka manawa kūpono. No ka mea ua ʻeha ʻia ʻo Cardinal i nā maʻi ʻoi, ua mālama ʻia ke kumu waina me nā fungicides. Hoʻomāliʻi ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau e like me kumulala colloidal a i ʻole Ridomil i ka wai a hoʻokaʻī ʻia i nā mea kanu, e hoʻāʻo ana e pīpī i nā ʻeke a i luna a me lalo o nā lau, a me ka ʻili o nā ʻōpala.
Ka pale ʻana i nā hua waina mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki - wikiō
ʻO nā mea nui o nā hua waina he wasps a me nā manu. A mai kēlā mau mea, a mai nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale iā ʻoe iho me ka hoʻopili ʻana i kēlā me kēia palaki i loko o kahi ʻeke o ka ʻula a i ʻole a i ʻole nā ʻāpana aʻai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono kēia ala i ka nui o ka manawa a me ka hana, akā palekana ka palekana.
I ka hoʻoilo, pono ke uhi ʻia nā lāʻau Cardinal (koe wale nō ma nā wahi hema). No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o ka wā lohi, ʻili ʻia nā vines a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lepo, a laila e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mauʻu a i uhi ʻia me ka kiʻi a i ʻole ka lepo.
Hiki ke pīpī ʻia kahi māla pua i kālai ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao me ka honua a hina i nā pōhaku no ka mālama pono.
ʻO ke hōʻiliʻili, ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka i ka hōʻiliʻili i nā hua waina Cardinal i ka hapa mua o ʻAukake. Hōʻoki ʻia nā lūlū me kahi secateurs, waiho i kahi wāwae 4-5 cm. No ka huakaʻi, he kūpono paha kete koʻoki paha a me nā pahu lāʻau, kahi kūpono e kau paʻa i nā hua waina.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Cardinal no kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi - i ka 3 mahina i loko o kahi lumi maloʻo me ka humuhumu mau.
ʻOiai ke kumu o ka papa ʻaina, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hana i nā kīnika, ka wai wai, nā kō, a me nā mālama.
Mai nā hua waina hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke i kahi hui piha maikaʻi
Hōʻike nā māla
Ke ulu nui nei kaʻu Cardinal, me ka nui, ka loam, i loaʻa ma ka Botanical Garden ma 2006, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike i nā maʻi me nā maʻi 2-3, nui ka huaʻai, akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, ʻaʻole ka Talisman, nui nā ʻōpala - 0.8-1.2 kg. Ua ulu nui ka nui o kaʻu mau hua i ke Kardinal - 2.2 kg. Nani ka ʻono, he kupaianaha ka momona. Ke wā e mae. A pono ia i ka hopena o Kepakemapa a i ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻOkakopa. Ke hoʻāʻo nei au ʻaʻole e kau ma luna. Wahi a kekahi mau loiloi kūloko, kahi lohi i ka manawa e ulu ai he kiʻi maʻamau o ke ʻano o ka ʻano ʻanuʻu ma Saratov.
Vic, Saratov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=569720
i kēia makahiki, ʻaʻole i ʻemala mua nā ʻano Kardinal, i ka manawa i kū ʻia ma ka hopena o Iulai.ʻI pinepine ia i ka lā mua o ka lā 11 o ʻAukake, i kēia manawa nā mea āpau me ia ka ʻono a me nā ono.
paionia 2//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=569720
A ʻaʻole i mai kahi ma kā Cardinal, ʻoiai ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka BCR squeamish e ulu a kokoke a ulu nā māla waina i kekahi manawa, akā ʻaʻole i make ka Cardinal mai laila (ʻoiai i mālama ʻia i nā manawa 2 i ke kauwela no ka pale ʻana). .Aʻo ka ʻono he hana mana wale ia, me nā pala pala a me nā nota pua a me ka maikaʻi (ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke wehewehe pololei). Hāpai wau i nā hua waina noʻu a me koʻu mau ʻohana. ʻIke pū wau i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻono me ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau mau makahiki, hoʻolālā wau e kāpae i ka Bque squeamish e aʻe aʻe a hoʻonui aku i ka lāʻau i kona wahi ma luna o ka pā i nā uhi a uhi au iā ia me ka honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. aunoa me ka hau, ʻaʻohe ʻōwele, ʻaʻole poholo ka papa o ka honua.
Kalinovka//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-1846-p-2.html
ʻO nā ʻano kumuwai ʻiliʻā Kardinal Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo i ke ʻano maʻamau
paionia 2//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=359.0
Hoʻokaʻawale nā hua waina - ʻaʻole nā ʻano maʻalahi maʻalahi e ulu. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoe mākaukau e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa no ka mālama ʻana iā ia a no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki, ʻo kēia ʻano ʻano leʻaleʻa e hauʻoli iā ʻoe me ka ʻīhāpiha nui o nā hua kīwī me nā mea momona nutmeg. Ma ka hoʻāʻo, nā mea loea e kāhea i kēia ʻano me kēia kaona maikaʻi.
