Pehea e kanu ai a ulu i nā hua waina ma waena o Rūsia

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lilo ka hua waina i loko o nā māla o ka Lūkini ma waena o ka moʻomeheu maʻamau. Ma nā wahi o nā amateurs ua ʻike ʻia, nā ʻano hema mua i mālama ʻia no ka hoʻoilo e ulu a e hua. Ua hana pū kekahi i nā huaʻai kūikawā me ka nui o ka kūwaho o ka hau, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻia e maʻalahi ke komo ʻana i kahi māla hou.

Hiki ke ulu nā hua waina i waena o Rūsia

Ma kona ʻano maoli, ʻo ka hua waina kahi mea kanu hema thermophilic. ʻO kona neʻe ʻākau mai ka wahi o ka moʻomeheu ʻenehana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā mea he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi:

• i nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa;
• ka manawa ulu nui;
• nele i ke kauwela wela.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapa o nā kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua kū pono ka nui o nā kūleʻa o nā māla o ka Lūlani ma loko o ka moʻomeheu o nā ʻano o nā hua waina ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano kūwaho e hiki ke hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hūnā i nā hua paʻa.

Ma kahi o nā hua waina ma Pokowa ma video

ʻO nā wahi nui o ka viticulture ʻākau: ʻekolu.

• e ulu ana i nā hua waina i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
• uhi moʻomeheu o nā ʻano huina mua ma ka puka ākea;
• ka kanu ʻana o ka hua hau-pale ʻole i uhi ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole.

ʻAʻole i pālahalaha nui ka moʻomeheu o nā home i waena o nā amateurs ma muli o kāna hana nui a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.

Hiki ke ulu ʻia nā hua waina i loko o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo unheated

ʻO ka moʻomeheu pale o nā ʻano hema mua ma nā māla o ke alanui waena he hiki, hikiʻole ke pilikia.

No ka hapalua hapa kenekulia, ke ulu nei kaʻu hoa kīhāpai e nui ana nā hua waina i lawe ʻia mai Crimea i nā makahiki o kona ʻōpio. Aia ko mākou mau pūnaewele ma luna pono o kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi me ka lepo i kanu maikaʻi ʻia. Ma kahi āpau, ua kokoke loa ko mākou awāwa ʻo Volga kokoke loa i ka moku o Moscow, ʻo mākou wale nō ka wela a me ke kauwela wela a me ka hoʻoilo ma luna o ka hoʻoilo. Heʻoiaʻiʻo, ua nalowale kekahi o nā ʻano lawe ʻia mai i kēia mau manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ke koena, ʻo ka mea nui loa o ka inoa ʻo Pearl Saba a me Chasla keʻokeʻo. He mea kupaianaha nō ia i ko mākou mau ʻano, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka lālani Crimean e like me ka pae hau, ke ulu nei mai ka kumu i kēlā me kēia pūnāwai, ʻo kā mākou mau māla kūloko o nā ʻano like ʻole (ʻo ia paha kēia ʻo Alpha, ka mea ākea i ka waena waena ma lalo o ka inoa hewa ʻo Isabella) Noho maikaʻi nā wīlī ma nā paia a i nā paia, e hāʻawi ana i nā hōʻiliʻili makahiki i ka nui o ka mālama ʻole.

ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o nā māka huina no ke kumu waena

Nā lāʻau ʻai no ka kikowaena Lūkia (papaʻaina)

ʻO nā hua waina ʻo Isabel (labrusque) nā huaʻai paʻakikī e loaʻa ana me ke komo ʻana i nā hua waina labrus ʻĀmelika ʻAmelika. I ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona, nā māka me ka komo ʻana o nā hua puaʻa Amur, ka mea i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia i ka hui ʻoihana ʻekahi like o nā ʻano, kokoke loa lākou iā lākou. ʻO kā lākou mea pono nui:

• hoʻonui hoʻonui paʻaha (a hiki i -35 ... -40 ° C me kahi ʻole e noho ai);
• maʻamau a nui ka hua;
• i ka maʻi kiʻekiʻe (i kā mākou wahi ma ka Middle Volga Labruscus pua ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me nā mea ʻēheu - ʻaʻohe hewa maoli no ia, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopōʻino iā mākou i kekahi mea);
• ke kū'ē nei i phylloxera (ʻo ia ka pōʻino maikaʻi loa o nā māla kūlima hema.

ʻO ka Isabella maoli kahi lihi hema hema me ke ʻano lohi. Ma ka ala waena, aia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o kēia inoa, ʻo ka manawa pinepine ʻo Alpha, a me nā hua inoa ʻole mai nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia hui.

Aia hoʻi e like me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā hua ... isabel ʻano momona loa a me nā mea ʻono ʻole hiki ke hūnā ʻia me kekahi mea. Ma ke ʻano hou, ʻaʻohe nui o lākou mau kime, akā no ka hoʻoili (waina, compote, jam, hiki ke hui pū ʻia me nā hua ʻē aʻe a me nā huaʻai) maikaʻi loa lākou.

ʻO nā lono e pili ana i ka pōʻino o ka huaʻai isabella e hoʻopiʻi ikaika ʻia ana e nā mea hoʻokūkū - nā mea hana o ʻEulopa i ka waina mai nā kumu waina. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, hoʻomālima ponoi ka poʻe Lālia iā lākou iho i nā fragolino kaulana (ʻo ka ʻano like o ka ʻano Isabel) e hoʻomau a mālama pono, ʻaʻole hoʻi e huki iā lākou. A i loko o nāosa liʻiliʻi loa, ma ka laulā, hoʻopōʻino kekahi mea inu.

Mālama ʻo Alpha i nā wikiō

Ke kanu nei i nā hua waina ma waena o Rūsia

Me kahi kanu kūpono e kūleʻa ana i kahi maikaʻi, hiki i nā hua waina ke ulu a hānai i nā hua he nui i nā makahiki he lehulehu, me ka hoʻē ʻole ʻana o ka loaʻa.

Koho a hoʻomākaukau ana i kahi manaʻo no ka māla waina

He kūpono nā māla waina ma waena o Rūsia:

• ka mākaʻi hema, hema a me ke komohana hema, ua hoʻomapu ʻia a hoʻomehana ʻia e ka lā;
• pale ʻia mai nā makani hau ʻākau e nā paia o nā hale, nā pā maka a i ʻole nā ​​ʻūhā ululima pōpilikia;
• hāleʻa, hoʻomōhala nui i loko o kahi one, a i ʻole ka wai me nā leona.

Hoʻoulu maikaʻi nā hua waina i nā māla mahana a me nā kukui

ʻAʻole kūpono i kūpono no ka māla waina:

• uka komohana akau;
• nā wahi i ulana ʻia e nā hale a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau nui;
• piula wai me ka wai hohonu;
• haʻahaʻa lepo palupalu me ka lepo lepo koʻikoʻi, kahi i kahe ai ka wai i ka pūnāwai.

Pono ka nui o ka waikawa o ka ʻāina ma ka pae o 6.5-7.2 no nā ʻano kālaʻalā o ʻEulopa o nā ʻano kuʻuna a i ʻole 5.5-7.0 no nā pōpoki paʻakikī o nā hui Labruscus a me ʻAmū. Pono e loiloi i ka lepo iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka māla waina, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka acidity inā pono e hoʻohui i ka lime a i ka dolomite palaoa. Hōʻalo ʻia nā mea mālama ʻoluʻolu ma luna o ka pūnaewele ma mua o ke eli a waiho ʻana i ka lepo. ʻAʻole hiki ke lawe pololei iā lākou i loko o nā lua i ka wā kanu, hiki ke puhi i ka aʻa o nā hua.

Ka momona lepo momona no nā hua waina mai 5.5 a 7.2

Nā mea hana o nā trellises a me nā kīwaha

No kona ulu maʻamau a me ka hua ʻana, pono i nā hua waina kahi kākoʻo kūpono, ʻo ke ʻano o ka mea i hana ʻia me nā paipu metala paʻa ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​ʻanu lāʻau i hoʻolāʻau ʻia i ka antiseptic. Hiki ke ulu i nā hopena i uhi ʻole i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo o kekahi kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonohonoho. ʻO nā kākoʻo ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka hale e kūpono i nā hua waina.

Kākoʻi ʻia nā kākoʻo no nā hua waina i nā paia hema o nā hale

No nā uhi waina ʻaʻole pono ke hoʻonohonoho pono i nā kākoʻo ma luna o ʻelua - ʻelua a me ka hapa mika. I ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ke kiko holoʻokoʻa, pono e hoʻolako i kahi e pono ai no ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻohi ma nā pā waina.

ʻO ka uhi ʻana i nā hua waina no ka hoʻoilo ua hoʻohemo ʻia mai ke kākoʻo a waiho ʻia ma ka lepo

ʻO ke kākoʻo maʻalahi i ka hua waina he trellis o nā pou he nui me kahi kaula i hoʻopuni ʻia ma waena o lākou. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā pou e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ʻelua mau mika, ua kālai ʻia lākou i loko o ka lepo ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua mika, a no ka hilinaʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa. Ma nā trellises lōʻihi, pono e hoʻoikaika ʻia nā kia iʻoi loa i kekahi o nā ala:

• mai waho o ka pā, nā pūlima liʻiliʻi i nā loina liʻiliʻi i loko o ka lepo me kahi kiʻi i waho, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pou o waho i nā kaula ākea paʻa.
• nā kākoʻo o nā poʻo nui i loko o ka pā o nā trellis i kākoʻo paʻa ʻia e nā pou kākoʻo e kōkua ʻia, nā kihi o lalo e ʻeli ʻia i ka lepo.

ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā trellises e pili ana i ʻelua paha mika. Aia lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao akau-hema, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pua lāʻau a hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā a pau o ke ao.

Pono e hoʻoikaika pono i nā pou o nā māla waina.

Holoi ʻia ka kawele ma luna o nā trellis i ʻekolu mau lālani ʻehā a ʻehā paha me ka mamao ma waena o lākou mai he kanakolu a he kanalima kenimita. Inā uhi nā hua waina, ma kahi o nā kaula kuʻuna, hiki iā ʻoe ke kaula i kahi kaula synthetic ikaika e kū ai i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mau manawa.

No nā kākoʻo lōʻihi, no ka laʻa ʻole uhi uhi ʻole, pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana lāʻau me ka pala, a pono nā kuli o ka hao me ka lepo.

Koho a me ka kanu ʻana i nā hua

Ma waena o Rūsia, ua kanu maikaʻi loa nā hua waina i ka puna, mai ka hopena o ʻApelila a hiki i ka hopena o Mei. Me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ma hope, ʻaʻole ia e loaʻa ka manawa e mālama maikaʻi ai i ke kauwela. Pono e kūʻai ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi ma nā kahu lapaʻau kūikawā o kā lākou ʻāina.

ʻAʻohe hihia e kanu i nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu mai lawe mai mai ka hema: ʻo ka mua, ua lawa ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo, a me ka lua, me nā hua hema e hiki ai ke hoʻokomo i loko o ka māla i nā pōpilikia pīpī hanohano - phylloxera, ka mea ʻaʻole i noho mau i loko o Rūsia. ʻO kekahi mau lālā mai kahi māka alanui i kapa ʻia ʻole, he kumu kūpono ia o ka pōʻino.

Ma mua o ke kūʻai aku, e hōʻoia inā ola ka hua, ʻaʻole maloʻo a ʻokiʻoki paha. Hiki ke lawe ʻia nā hua ʻōpio me kahi ʻōnaehana wehe a hiki i ka hāwī ʻana. Hiki i nā mea kanu kulana me nā lau lau, i kēia hihia, ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono lākou i ka pale maʻalahi mai ka lā māmā a me nā hau paha.

E kanu i nā hua waina, e eli i nā lua hohonu me kahi kahe wai lalo ma lalo

• Pono nui nā paʻi ʻona no nā hua waina, me ka hohonu o 60-70 centimeter a me ka diameter o 80-100 centimeter. Kāleka maikaʻi iā lākou i ka hāʻule. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā pihi kokoke e liʻiliʻi paha ma ka mika, e hoʻopakele i ka mana, hiki iā ʻoe ke eli i nā lua ma hope o ka lua a ʻekolu mau mika a kanu i nā hua ʻelua ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao i ke kuʻehele o ka lua.
• Ma ka lalo o ka lua, e kau ai kahi papaha o ka pāhaʻi i wāwahi ʻia, nā pali, ka ʻāpana a me nā mea like ʻole. ʻO ka pono pono ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā kāwele a hoʻopā i kahi e hiki ai ke kūleʻa ʻana i ka wai.
• Mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka lua e kū pono ʻole ai i ka pae kanu kanu e hiki mai ana i ka hua kanu, makemake ʻia e kau i kahi kaona o ka paila asbestos-sement ka noho ʻana o kona lalo ma lalo o ka luawai, a e piʻi ka luna i luna ma luna o ka ʻāina a puni ka lua. Mai luna mai, pono e hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻāpana o ka puna me ka uhi mai kahi kaʻi a i ʻole pahu iʻa i ʻoki i mea e ʻoki ʻia ai ka lepo. E ʻae kēia ʻōnaehana i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hua waina, e hāʻawi ana i ka wai i kahi hohonu kūpono i nā aʻa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i ka lawehala lawaiʻa kokoke loa i ka hua huila: i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ʻia ka ʻaʻa. ʻO ka mamao loa o ka lihilihi a hiki i ka paipa he 70 sentimita.
• ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka lepo momona i hui pū ʻia me ka humus a me nā manina e pono e ninini ʻia ma luna o ka pāheʻe. Kuhi paila kōkawa i ka lua: 1-2 mau pōpō o ka decomposed humus a i ʻole ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, 200-300 pākaʻi o ka superphosphate, 50-100 pāhala o ka paʻakai paʻakai. ʻAʻole e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu Nitrogen, lime a me nā manure hou i ka wā kanu.
• I ka kanu ʻana, kahi liʻiliʻi o kahi lepo mākaukau e ninini ʻia i loko o ka lua, kahi pono e waiho ai i kahi hua me ke koʻo o ka ʻaoʻao i kahi e waiho ai nā māla i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai no ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ke kanu ʻia nā ʻano uhi ʻole ʻole.
• E līpī hāleʻa i nā aʻa ʻili i nā ʻaoʻao a uhi ʻia i ka uhi o ka honua. Me ka kanu kūpono, pono ka hapa o ka seedling (kuʻekuʻe) ma kahi hohonu o ka hapalua mika mai ka ihu o ka lepo.
• Inā ʻaʻole e ʻala aʻe nā pua o kahi mea kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke uhi piha iā ia me ka lepo ke waiho ʻia kekahi pua ma luna o ka ʻili. Inā he mea kanu me nā pua pua, e kanu mua ʻia ma nāʻu, a laila, ma ka ulu ʻana o nā hua, e hoʻonui iki ʻia ka ʻāina. No ke kauwela mua, lawe ʻia ka honua a pau i ka wā e eli ai e hoʻi i ka lua.
• Pono e hoʻoulu ʻia ka hua kanu i kanu ʻia me ʻelua mau wai o ka wai mai ka wai hoʻōla me kahi pūnāwai i hoʻokau pono ʻia ka ʻāina a me nā ʻomi.
• Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke uhi i ka lua me ka hua huʻu me kahi ʻoniʻoni a i ʻole agrofiber, ke kaomi ʻana i nā kihi o ka mea i uhi ʻia me nā pōhaku i ka lepo. ʻO ka mea nui ka mea nui i kahi e pale ai i ka wā kanu mua o nā hua pua me nā lau lau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama waina i waena o Rūsia

I ka wā kauwela, ʻo ka hopohopo nui i ka māla waina i ka pale i nā hua waina mai ka huli ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau hihiʻo. Ua ulu wikiwiki loa ia, a kāwili ʻia nā pua i waiho ʻole ʻia me kahi ʻano ʻoi ʻole ʻia.

Me nā ʻano ulu ʻole-hoʻoilo ʻole, ke maʻalahi nā mea āpau: nā ulu ʻana e ulu ana ma ke ala pololei, inā pono, e hoʻopili ʻia i ke kākoʻo, e ulu ana i kahi kuhikuhi pono ʻole a ʻōkuhi koke paha i kahi e pono ai a paʻa i ke kākoʻo, a ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole ke kiki. ʻO ka hana nui ma kēia hihia ke kiʻi i kahi uhi nani a maikaʻi hoʻi i ka uhi o ka paia o ka gazebo a i ʻole ka home. Kūleʻa nui nā hua Labrusque, a hoʻohua a hiki i ke kau ʻana i kekahi ʻano.

E ulu wikiwiki nā kumulāʻau uululua i ka hoʻoilo ʻana, kahi kāwele kūpaʻa mānoʻo

Ke hana nei me nā ʻano uhi uhi, pono e hoʻomanaʻo mau ʻoe i ka hāʻule ʻana e hana nui ka hana e wehe i nā māla mai nā kākoʻo a kau iā ia ma ka lepo. I ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hana ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana pilikino o ka ulu lāʻau ʻana a me ka hoʻohiolo ʻana i nā huaʻai no kēlā me kēia māka, me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻolālā trellis, ʻano ʻano, ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau. Pēlā lākou i hoʻokō ai i nā makana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka maikaʻi kūloko maikaʻi. I nā kūlana kaulike, ʻoi loa no nā māla hoʻomaka, ua lawa ia e liʻiliʻi ma kahi liʻiliʻi o nā hua o kā lākou mau hua waina, ke kūleʻa ʻia me ka ʻole o ka naʻauao.

No nā makahiki he kanahā, ua loaʻa i kēlā me koʻu kauwela kauwela i kahi makahiki liʻiliʻi o nā hua waina mua o nā māla keʻokeʻo o Chasla keʻokeʻo a me Saba Pearls. Hoʻopau nui kona mau hua waina i ka hopena o Kepakemapa, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā palaʻai, akā he mea ʻono loa a nā hua ʻono. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mālama ma waena o kāna mau ʻano (e ulu mau ana ʻo ia i kekahi mau Crimean o ka ʻano like o isabel, ʻoi ka maloʻo, akā ʻoi aku ka hua like ʻana, a me Lydia, ka mea i hoʻomaka ʻole a ʻokiʻoki), a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke kauwela i ka paʻu ʻana i nā māla ma ke kumu "i nani a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi," me kekahi wahi no ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO Lydia mau ʻanuʻu ma kahi o ka ʻano o ka Isabel type, aneane ʻaʻole e ʻūhū ma ke ala waena

I nā kūlana anu o ka waena o Rūsia, ʻaʻole pono nā māla i ka wai, me ka manawa lōʻihi ʻole o ka ua. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka wai ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelua a ʻekolu mau ipu wai o ka wai i kanu ma mua mai ke kanu ʻana i kahi pūnāwai maikaʻi, ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o ʻelua mau wai (no nā mea ulu ʻōpio loa i ka wela wela, ka wai wai i loko o ka wai i hoʻokahi pule i ka pule). Hoʻopilikia nui ka wai make molo no nā hua waina: i loko o ia mau ʻano, ke hoʻololi nei nā lāʻau i nā aʻa hau i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina, ka manuahi i ka wā hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke wai i ka wā o ka pua (ma muli o ka momona nui, ua emi ka mana knry e ka berry) a ma ka manawa o ka ʻūhā ʻana o ka hua (huaʻai ma muli o ka humuhū ʻū ʻana ʻole).

Hoʻopau nā hua waina i ka hapa mua o Iune. ʻAno maloʻo a me ka ua ʻino i ka wā o ka pua hūnā me ka pollination maʻamau a kumu i ke ʻano o nā hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia (ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā hua waina).ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻano ʻenike he mau pua bisexual a ʻaʻole pono e kanu i nā ʻano pollinating hou. Hiki i nā pua a me nā ʻōpio o nā hua waina ke hoʻopilikia i nā frosts hoʻi, ai kekahi manawa pono ʻoe e uhi iā lākou me ka agrofibre, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kau ʻana i ke keli trellis haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻāina.

I ka wā o ka uluʻana, ua pilikia loa nā hua waina, ʻeha ʻia i nā frosts a me nā ua.

Pono ka lepo o ka māla e mālama ʻia a he manu ʻole i loko o ka manawa holo. E wehe i ka lepo me kekahi agrofibre waiwai a kūikawā paha e kōkua i ka nalo i ka nāhelehele.

ʻO nā kau ʻelua - ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua waina i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka lua kanu inā kanu ana i kahi hua kanu. Hoʻomulima nā pā waina i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka pūnāwai. He mea kūpono loa ia e hoʻonohonoho i ke kapa o ka lole ke kiʻekiʻe (dosage no 1 ke ʻano lāʻau).

• 5 lita wai;
• 30-50 kalama o ka superphosphate;
• 15-20 kalā paʻakai paʻakai;
• 25-30 kalama o ka ammonium nitrate.

Hoʻoulu ʻia ka wai pāheu hoʻonaninani hou ʻia i loko o nā ʻuala waiwī-ʻelua luawai ma ʻelua mau manawa i ka manawa.

• 8-10 mau lā ma mua o ka pua ʻana;
• 8-10 nā lā ma hope o ka pua ʻana.

Ma ka ua maloʻo maloʻo, ʻaʻole i ka hoʻonā i ke kumulāʻau, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea maloʻo ma nā koina like ʻole, e kahele ana iā lākou ma luna o ka wahi āpau o ka ʻōpala kokoke a kokoke i nā mea kanu kanu i ka lepo.

I ka pūnāwai a i ʻole ʻōʻī, hapalua o kahi pā o ka wai hoʻolima a hoʻolaʻa ʻia i lawe ʻia mai i lalo o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻomāhelelī i ka lepo a i ʻole paha e ʻeli ai i loko o ka lepo i ka wā e ʻeli ai.

ʻO nā maʻi nui o nā hua waina:

• oidium (pauma keleahi);
• kalo ʻaʻano (downy mildew);
• hina hina.

Ma nā waena waena, ʻaʻole ʻelele loa nā mea mua. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, i ka hapanui o nā maʻi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau inā inā kūʻai ʻoe i nā hua olakino maikaʻi a mālama i nā lāʻau waina i loko o kahi kūlana maikaʻi, i kahi wahi lā a me ka ʻole o ka palalupalu nui. ʻO nā lau ʻōpio maloʻo i ka hoʻoilo nui, ʻoki wale i ka pruner a ʻeli hohonu i ka lepo ma waho o ka pūnaewele. ʻAʻole maʻi e loaʻa nā maʻi Labrusque. ʻAʻohe phylloxera weliweli (grape root aphid) i ke alanui waena. No laila, hiki i nā hua waina ʻona a pono ke aloha ʻoluʻolu.

ʻAʻole hoʻohana kā koʻu hoalauna e pili i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i kahi pā i hoʻoluʻu maikaʻi ʻia a me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā kumu o waho o ka maʻi, nā mea a pau o kāna mau huaʻai i kūleʻa a maʻemaʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano me ka pale haʻahaʻa.

ʻO kahi papa o nā hua waina no ka hoʻoilo

I ka hāʻule ʻana ma hope o nā hua mua, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpala waina uhi mai nā kākoʻo a waiho ʻia ma ka papa no kahi e ʻae ai. ʻO nā mea kanu ʻōpio, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano o Labrus hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, hiki ke waiho ʻia i ka ʻāina a ua uhi liʻiliʻi no ka hilinaʻi. ʻO ka wahi maʻalahi loa kahi ʻāpana o ka fiberglass a i ʻole agrofiber, i waiho ʻia ma luna o kahi lāʻau a ʻā ʻia i nā kihi e nā pōhaku i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka makani.

ʻO ka wahi maʻalahi loa o nā hua waina ka waiho ʻana i ke kumuwaina i ka ʻāina a uhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana fiberglass, ʻo ka pā ʻana i nā pōhaku i nā kihi o ka ʻāina.

Pono e uhi pono i nā ʻano ʻōiwi ʻole:

1. Hoʻokuʻu i ka hua waina mai nā kākoʻo; E ʻoki maʻalahi a lawe i nā lau i loko o ka puʻu wai inā ʻaʻole lākou e wāwahi iā lākou iho.
2. E waiho ma ka papa kokoke i ka lāʻau i kahi pani-hōʻoia hōʻoia (plastic, fiberglass, ruberoid), e waiho pono i ka māla i luna me ka ʻole e wāwahi.
   

   Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumuwaina o nā hua waina i kahi ʻōpala ʻole-pala.

3. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua waina i ka ʻāina me nā kāʻei a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke paʻa paʻa i nā māla i kahi paio.
   

   Pono e hoʻopili ʻia i nā māla i uhi ʻia i ka ʻāina, no ka maʻalahi o nā māla hiki ke paʻa like pū

4. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomehana i nā hua waina me nā lālā pihi coniferous a i ʻole nā ​​moena. ʻAʻole pono ka ʻōlohelohe mai ka pulupulu a i ʻole ʻae ʻana i nā isika, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono nā mauʻu a me nā wahie.
5. E kau i nā ʻanuʻu ma luna a uhi ʻia me kahi kiʻi plastik palalupula ke waiho ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka pā. E kaomi i nā kihi o ke kiʻi me nā pōhaku a kāpīpī ʻia me ka honua. Pono e hana kēia i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā mahana paʻa e pili ana i ke ana ʻole a i ʻole kekahi mau pae haʻahaʻa o lalo.
   

   A laila e uhi ʻia nā hua waina i nā ʻanuʻu me ka polyethylene mānoʻī, kāpīpī i kona mau ʻaoʻao me ka honua

ʻO ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hoʻoilo i ka wā o nā limu liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi kahi pōʻino no nā hua waina ma mua o nā huaʻai. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke holo i ka peʻe, a i ka wā o nā hoʻoilo lōlihi, pono paha ke ea, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kiʻi mai nā kihi.

I ka pūnāwai, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pale ma hope o ka hoʻoheʻe ʻana o ka hau. I ka wā mua, hiki ke waiho ʻia nā mea ʻakaʻaka no kahi manawa pōkole, akā ʻaʻole ia e nakinaki ʻia, no laila inā he mana loko o ka manuahi, maʻalahi ia e uhi ʻia me ke kiʻi a i ʻole agrofiber.

Hoʻopau ka wā kanu i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā o ka kahe o ka wai (ma mua aʻe o ka hāwī ʻana o nā pua), he pōʻino ka ʻokiʻū - a laila ke "uē" nui ʻana o nā kumuwaina, ka mea e hōʻemi loa i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa ka māla maikaʻi loa no ka puha waena ma hope o ke kolo ʻana, ke pau ka neʻe ʻana o ke kahima, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka nā lau a me nā ʻōpala. I ka kanu ʻana i nā hua waina ma luna o kahi hina, pono e haʻalele i kahi peʻa o ʻelua a ʻekolu ʻekolu kenimika. ʻO ka hana mua, ʻo ia ka ʻoki i nā mea a pau a maloʻo, ʻoki ʻia a pohō ʻia ka hoʻoilo, a me nā ʻihi hou a nawaliwali. Inā lawa nā māla maikaʻi i waiho ʻia mai, lōʻihi loa kahi hiki iā lākou ke hōʻoki ʻia, a ʻokiʻoki ʻia kekahi o ka pākeke.

Ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā hua waina i ke kākoʻo, ke hoʻāʻo nei e kahele i ka liʻiliʻi a ʻokoʻa paha ma luna o kona ʻili, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ke kauwela i manaʻo ʻia.

Hoike Mai

Hiki ke ulu ʻia ʻo Alpha a me Zilgu ma ke ʻano ʻole he uhi ʻole, akā ia e hilinaʻi ana i ka microclimate o ke kahua.

tamara

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=2343&start=15

Nā hua waina Zilga. Ma nā kuaika e ulu nui ana a hua mai i ka hua me ka ʻole o ka wahi.

ʻO Riga wahine

//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=880383

He ʻona maoli hema ʻo Isabella. A ʻo kā mākou e kapa ʻia ʻo "Isabella" no kāna ʻona isabella, maoli "Alpha"

Makalula

//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1495

Ke paʻakikī ʻole ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina i waena o ka Lūkini inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e koho i ka ʻano ākea a me kahi no ka kanu ʻana. ʻO kahi mea nui nui o kēia wahi ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana o nā pōpoki kuikawa kino e hoʻopōʻino wale i nā māla māla hema. A ulu maikaʻi loa nā hua waina ʻoi loa ka hoʻoilo i ke kauwela maikaʻi loa i waena o nā māla hoʻomaka, ʻaʻole pono e noho i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka mālama paʻakikī.