He aha ka buckwheat,ʻike lākou i ka poʻe i piliʻole i ka mahiʻai ma kā lākouʻoihanaʻoihana. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea,ʻo kaʻoihana nui loa ia o kaʻoihana meaʻai, mai ka palaoa e hua mai ana i ka'ōpala a me ka palaoa. Eia kekahi, he mea maikaʻi keʻano mua o nā mea kanu.
Loaʻaʻia ka Vitamin PP mai nā lau a me nā pua o ka mea kanu, aʻo ka hoʻoneleʻana mai ka hanaʻana o ka mea kanu - ka palaoa, ka mauʻu, a me nā'āpana palaoa - ua hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka mea hānai holoholona. Ma nā'āina hikina, hoʻohanaʻia kaʻili o ka moʻomeheu no ka hanaʻana i nā uluna. ʻO ke kumulāʻau, me ka mea'ē aʻe, he waiwai kona me ka meli meli: mai ka 1 ha mau hua kanu hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa kahi 100 kilokika o ka meli aʻoi aku.
ʻO ka'āinaʻo Buckwheat ka East a me ka Hikina Hema. Ua hoʻolaunaʻia kēia kumulāʻau i ka hua i kahi 4,000 mau makahiki i hala aku, ma nā mauna o India a me Nepal, kahi i kapaʻia aiʻo "rice rice". No kaʻohana Grechishny kēia, a ua paniʻiaʻo ia e nāʻanoʻano,ʻo ka mea nui loa no ka mahiʻaiʻo buckwheat. Ua māheleʻia iʻelua mau'āpana:ʻo ka nui a me nā mea maʻamau. ʻO ka mea nui nui no kaʻoihana meaʻai.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua kapaʻia ka moʻomeheu Buckwheat Slav ma hope o ka laweʻiaʻana mai iā Byzantium i ka makahiki VII. E like me kekahiʻano'ē aʻe, uaʻikeʻia ka inoa "buckwheat" no ka mea, no nā makahiki he nui i ulu nuiʻia ka loina e nā poʻe mōneka Helene ma nā hale mōneka. I kēia manawa i nā'āinaʻEulopa, kapaʻiaʻo ka buckwheat "he kānana palaoa no ka likeʻole o kāna mauʻano me nā nuts beech. No laila, ka inoa o ka genus ma ka'ōlelo Latina: Fagopyrum -" bukovidny ka popo. "Hōʻike kēiaʻatikala i nāʻano mahiʻai o ka buckwheat, ka mea maʻamau i ka mahiʻai no kaʻoihana meaʻai.
Nāʻano Diploid o buckwheat
Ma ka buckwheat ka nui o nāʻano diploid a me nāʻano tetraploid. ʻO nāʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou he 16 mau chromosomes, a me nā tetraploid - 32.
No ka hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻana i kaʻohi maikaʻiʻana, me ka nānāʻole i nā kūlana o kaʻilikai a me nā mea'ē aʻe'ē aʻe, ma keʻano he rula, e kanuʻia nāʻanoʻelua aʻekolu paha o ka buckwheat ma kahi kahua hoʻokahi.
He mea nui! ʻAʻole hiki ke kanuʻia ka Buckwheat ma nā wahi i hoʻohanaʻia ai nā lāʻau herbicide i nā mea i hala mua.
"Vlad"
ʻO Buckwheat cultivar "Vlada" kahi lāʻau kū i ka lolo, kahi kīpili kahi i piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 1 mika. ʻO nā lau he'ōpū-triangular, he'ōmaʻomaʻo i ka'ōniʻoniʻo, he puka liʻiliʻiʻuʻuku, e hele i ka'ā'ī poʻohiwi, iʻole i ke poʻo o ke kumu. ʻO ka hopena, nā kīnā, nā pua liʻiliʻi, nā'ōmaʻomaʻa māʻula.
ʻO ka hua o ka lālā, he elongated, heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. ʻO nāʻanoʻokoʻa keʻano likeʻole, kahiʻoihana maikaʻi, pua hua ulu, a me ke kū'ēʻana i ka hoʻokaheʻana i nā kumulāʻau a me ka moeʻana. Pono e hoʻokōʻia i ka lā mua, eʻalo i ka hoʻolālā, no ka mea,ʻo kēia ka hopena i ka nalo o ka pono e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka'ōmukuʻoihana he 16.5 c / ha, ke kiʻekiʻe i kākauʻia i waena o nā'āina CIS - 28.1 c / ha (2007). ʻO ka manawa kanu o ka mea kanu e like paha me 83 mau lā. No nāʻanoʻenehana kūikawā a me ka meaʻai. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā hua buckwheat o kēiaʻano he 90.4%; ʻo ka palaoa - 75.6%; ka palaoa kupa - 61.8%. ʻO ka meaʻono o ka porridge ua manaʻoʻia ma 5 mau helu.
"Dikul"
ʻO ka "buke"ʻo "Dikul" he mauʻano morphological e like me keʻano "Vlad". ʻO ke kīpī pokole, hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 70-95 wm., Keʻano'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo, me ka liʻiliʻi palupalu. He liʻiliʻi nā lālā, heʻekolu triangular-heart-like, he'ōmaʻomaʻo, he liʻiliʻi palupalu. ʻO ka loiloi hōʻailona ko corymbose, pua nani keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka hua heʻano, elongated,ʻeleʻele. Iwaena - waena o ka hola,ʻo kona ulu ulu e pili ana i 80 mau lā. ʻO ka "Dikul" kahi hua maikaʻi. ʻO ka awelika he 16.1 mau keneta no hoʻokahi hekita, a he 25.8 mau keneta ma ka hebedoma (2003). Hoʻopiʻi i nāʻanoʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka helu o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe palaoa i 75%; ka ulu o ka'ōpala - 70%,ʻo ka'ōpū kupa - 53%. ʻO ka meaʻono o ka porridge ua manaʻoʻia ma 5 mau helu.
"Ka ua"
ʻO keʻano o ka buckwheat "Rain" kahi iʻikeʻia ma ka hikiʻana o kahi'ōleʻele hoʻokahi ma mua aʻe o ka corymbose, aia ma ka piko o ke pana. He nui ka inflorescence, hiki i kahi lōʻihi o 7 knm,ʻaʻole nui ka pua. Aia i nā mea kanu kahi ulu nui i hoʻolālā maikaʻiʻia, a heʻono paha kāna.
No buckwheat, kekahi o nā mea mua loa:ʻo kaʻuala, lupins, datur. ʻO Buckwheat ka mea kūpono loa no:ʻo kaʻaila, ka beets a me ka uala.
He ulu nui nāʻano likeʻole, waena o ka hola, a he kūpono i kahi noho. ʻO ka ulu uluʻana e hiki i ka 70-80 mau lā. Nā huaʻaiʻana - 73%, nā polokalamu protein - 16.3%. ʻO ka oʻoʻana o ka buckwheat o ka "Rain" - 27.3 c / ha (1991). ʻO keʻano maikaʻi, kūpono no kaʻohi ponoʻana. ʻO ka hopenaʻoi loa ka hua o nā'āina momona.
"Carmen"
ʻO nāʻano Buckwheat "Carmen" - kekahi mea'ē aʻe o nāʻano diploid, kaʻike, a me ka ulu pono. He kohu māmā ia me ka liʻiliʻi palupalu, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o 86 cm. He mau'ōmaʻomaʻo, he'ōpū a heʻekolu kūpono i keʻano, a hiki i ke poʻo o ke kiko e like me nā pua, me keʻano maloʻo, a me ka lāpiliʻole.
ʻO kaʻeleʻele inflorescence, racemose, kahi ma nā loloa lōʻihi. ʻO ka pua, he'ōmaʻomaʻaʻeleʻele lauoho, liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hua o ka hua, heʻano keʻano o diamond, heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. Kahua nui - 17.3 c / ha; Maximum recorded - 24.7 c / ha (2003). ʻO ka manawa ulu e kokoke i 79 mau lā.
ʻO nā huaʻai o kaʻai - 67.7%, keʻano kahupa - 65%, ke heluʻia kaʻai o ka palaoa i 5 mau helu. ʻO ia keʻano o nā kuʻamau kū i ke kū mau, ke kūkā maikaʻi, ka ulu a me ka hua e ulu ana. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe -ʻelua lā.
"Klimovka"
ʻO ka huaʻo Buckwheatʻo "Klimovka" ka hapa waena, kūpono i kahi hoʻokipa a uaʻikeʻia e nā hua nui. ʻO ka ulu ulu e 79 mau lā. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kapuahi he 98 knm. He kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka buckwheat o kēiaʻano, he 17.4 kenetene ma ka hekita. ʻO nā mea mua loa no Klimovka, he mau mea lūlū lūlū,ʻo ka hoʻolāʻau ulu me nā mauʻu makahiki.
"Sapera"
Aia nā'ōpena i kahi kolo līlū iʻikeʻia, hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka noʻeʻole o 75 kapuaʻi.ʻO nā lau heʻano liʻiliʻi, he'ōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala, ma kahi o ka naʻau-e hoʻonui i keʻano, e lilo ana i sessile, kalo, me ka liʻiliʻi a me ka uhi pale. Ka hopena o keʻano o ka hoʻohui, ma kahi lōʻihi, ka pua liʻiliʻi, keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka hua o ka hua,ʻo ka diamond, he'ōmaʻomaʻo. Pono e hoʻokōʻia ka buckwheat o kēiaʻano likeʻole i ka lā mua - me kumamālua o Mei, me ka hōʻoleʻole i ka hopena, no ka mea e hopena ana i ka nalowale. Kūkalaʻo ia i ka ulu maikaʻi a me kaʻohiʻana o ka palaoa. ʻAʻohe mea kūpono i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā kumulāʻau a me ka moeʻana.
ʻO ka Buckwheat "Sapphire" kahi hua maikaʻi loa,ʻo kaʻilikai kau he 22.5 c / ha; ʻo ka lōʻihi he 42.6 mau keneta ma ka hekita (2008). ʻO ka manawa kanu e pili ana i 86 mau lā. ʻO ka "Sapphire" ma keʻano maikaʻi e pili ana i nāʻano waiwai a mahaloʻia e nā hana'enekino maikaʻi a me ka pono. He nui ka palaoa, he kiʻekiʻe ka helu o kaʻona - 91%. ʻO ka hopena o nā'ōpala he 73.3%,ʻo nā kinā kinā - 56.7%. ʻO ka meaʻono o ka porridge ua manaʻoʻia ma 5 mau helu,ʻo ka croup e loaʻa ana he 14.5% protein.
"Darkie"
ʻO keʻano o ka Buckwheat "Darkie" he kīpili kūpikipiki paʻa ia, kahi i pau me ka'ōpala hoʻokahi. Kū ke kumu i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 72 a 102 knm.ʻO nā lau he'okiʻokiʻokiʻole, he'ōpū-triangular, he'ōmaʻomaʻo, me ka paʻakaiʻole a me ka liʻiliʻi.
E noho i nā wāwae lōʻihi o 8-14 i loko o kahi palahi. ʻO nā pua puaʻaʻeleʻele uliuli,ʻo ka puaa palaoa, ka'ōlohelohe, keʻano diamond, keʻeleʻele a me ke kalakeke. ʻO ka ulu o ka mea kanu he mauʻu likeʻole, a hiki i ka 14.3 c / ha.
"Aronia"
Hoʻopukaʻia ka "Black" buckwheat mai keʻano "Yubileinaya-2" ma keʻano o ka kohoʻana. Heʻanoʻano maʻalahi kēia,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona uluʻana ma mua o 75 mau lā. ʻO ka lālā o nā mea kanu, he kiʻekiʻe, 100 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi, he kūla maikaʻi. He maikaʻi ka pua, maikaʻi, he keʻokeʻo nā pua.
ʻO ka hua Buckwheat "ʻO ka Chokeberry "medium-sized,ʻeleʻele, he 14 a he 17% o ka protein. He maikaʻi kaʻoihana kānalua a me ka palaoa,ʻo kaʻoihana o kaʻai he kiʻekiʻe - 77%. mau wela.
Nāʻano buckwheat Tetraploid
Hoʻomakaʻia nā kāpena o ka buckwheat e ka hua nui, kaʻai nui nui, nā mea'enela kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā hua, a me ka loli kūpono. E noʻonoʻo i kaʻano o nāʻanoʻano tetraploid.
ʻO Alexandrina
ʻO nā pularsoma Buckwheat "Alexandrina" he kohu kulu kolo i hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o 89 cm. He'ōmaʻomaʻo,ʻano'ōpū,ʻano hīmeni, e hele ana i ka sessile,ʻaʻohe puka ola a me nā waihona waxy. ʻO ka inflorescence he corymbose, kahi ma nā loloa lōʻihi, he nui nā pua pua, ākea. ʻO ka hua elongated, triangular,ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. ʻO ka huahelu mamo o nāʻano likeʻoleʻo Alexandrina he 18.1 c / ha; ʻo ka palena o 32.3 hapahā o ka hectare (2004).
ʻO ka manawa kanu e ulu ana i 87 mau lā. He kiʻekiʻe nāʻanoʻenehana a me nāʻano o kaʻai. ʻO ka hua o ka'ōpala - 68.2%,ʻo kaʻiʻo o ka'ōpala - 63.7%. Hōʻoia i ka uluʻana o ka buckwheat o kēiaʻano, ka manawa kanuʻole ma mua o nā makahiki mua o Mei. Ke hoʻouluʻana, makemakeʻia e kaʻawale i nā meaʻai pāʻani. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe -ʻelua lā. Hōʻikeʻia ka pua nani a me ka ulu maikaʻi o ka palaoa, kūpono kūpono i ka hoʻokaeʻana i ka palaoa a me ka moe.
"Bolshevik-4"
ʻO keʻano "Bolshevik-4" ka mea iʻikeʻia e ka mana nui, kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i kahi mika. Nui ka palaoa a hoʻonuiʻia (91-100%), iʻikeʻia e nāʻanoʻoihana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Ma mua o kaʻokiʻana o ka palaoaʻaʻole ia e koi aku i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā hapa, e hāʻawi ana i nā huaʻai maikaʻi - i ka 86%.
ʻO ka hopena o ka porridge ua manaʻoʻia ma 5 mau helu,ʻo ka nui o nā mea i loko o ka'ōpū he kiʻekiʻe loa - 15-16%. Nā huahanaʻawelike - 19.1 c / ha, ke kiʻekiʻe - 32.2 c / ha i kākauʻia i 2008. "ʻO Bolshevik-4" i waena o ka manawa,ʻo ka manawa ulu e loaʻa mai 68 a 78 mau lā. Hoʻopiʻi i ka hakakā paʻakikī i nā huluhulu, ka moe a me ka hāʻule o ka palaoa.
"ʻO Elia"
Hoʻopiliʻia "ʻElia" - he'ōpuʻu o keʻano pololei, he kīpili koho. ʻO nā lau he'ōpū-triangular, he'ōmaʻomaʻo, e hoʻololi i keʻano o ka ihu-sessile, keʻole ka paʻakai a me ka liʻiliʻi. Nā'āpana kala, nā pua nui, nā māmā māmā. ʻO ka palaoa nui, diamond-shaped, tricedral, dark brown.
ʻO ka'ōkuʻu kauʻana he 17.1 mau keneta no hoʻokahi hekita,ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe he 33.2 (1997). ʻO ka hopena o nā'ōpala -73-74%. Hoʻoikaika kūpono ka mea kanu i ka noho a me kaʻokiʻoki, iʻikeʻia e ka ulu maikaʻi a me ka uluʻana. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe - kaʻawale. ʻO ka huaʻai maikaʻi loa ma kahiʻano loamy a me nā lepo māmā, me ka lūlū o ka laulā, me ka Buckwheat ka nui o ka buckwheat 1.2 miliona pcs / ha.
"Lena"
ʻO ka Buckwheat "Lena" kahi kumu hoʻohālike kūpono o kaʻano pololei. Loaʻa iā ia he kolo līlū lōʻihi, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 95 knm, keʻano'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO nā lau, he'ōmaʻomaʻo, he wavy, he pūpū-triangular, me ka paʻiʻole. ʻO nāʻeleʻele haʻahaʻa, nā haʻuki, nā loloa lōʻihi, nā pua keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka hua, he hua'ōlelo, nui, triangular,'ōʻele. ʻO ka wānana i waena o ke kauwela,ʻo ka manawa ulu e hala 88 mau lā. ʻO ka'ōpala huapalapala toharite he 13.8 c / ha; ʻO ka 255 mau keneta o ka heketa (2003) ke kiʻekiʻe. He kiʻekiʻe nā'ōnaehanaʻenehana a me nā'ōleʻa,ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka palaoa ka maikaʻi - 99%. ʻO ka hua o ka'ōpala - 72%,ʻo ka'ōpū o ka'ōpala - 55%.
ʻO ka meaʻono o ka porridge ua manaʻoʻia ma 5 mau helu. ʻO ka mea kanu mua i ka makahiki mua aʻelua paha o Mei ua'ōleloʻia no kēiaʻano. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe -ʻelua lā.
"Martha"
ʻO Mareta kekahi o nāʻelele o nāʻano kūckwheat hou. Kūʻokoʻa ka mea kanu, kūkuluʻia, he kūwaha ka pahu, hiki i kahi 1 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā lau heʻano, he'ōmaʻomaʻo, he'ōpū, he triangular, he wavy, me ka liʻiliʻi a me ka uhi maʻi. ʻO ka inflorescence ka raceme, ka pua pua, ka'ōmaʻomaʻa lahilahi.
ʻO ka hua o ka hua, heʻano diamond, heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. ʻO ka'ōmukuʻoihana he 19.1 mau keneta no ka hectare,ʻo ka palena o ka palena he 35.7 kenetene ma ka hekita (2008). He lōʻihi ka wā kanu - 94 mau lā. He waiwai nui keʻano, heʻoihana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me keʻano o ka meaʻai.
Hoʻouka pinepineʻiaʻo Buckwheat e nā mea'ōpala: Cockchafer, mice, wireworms a me nematodes.
He nui ka palaoa, ka nui o ka'enekau helu - 97.9%, he 72% ka hopena o kaʻai, he 74.8% ka'ōpala. ʻO ka meaʻono o ka porridge ua manaʻoʻia ma 5 mau helu,ʻo 14% ka nui o nā mea waiwai. Ke'ōleloʻia nei no ka kanuʻana i ka lūlū mua, e pale i ka hoʻolāʻihi, iʻole e nalowale i ka nui o ka mea kanu. Ke mahiʻia, pono e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai nāʻano pilikino.
"Minsk"
ʻO ka buckwheatʻano "Minskaya" i hānaiʻia ma keʻano o nā koho he nui a me nā hua likeʻole o nāʻano "Istra". ʻO nā mea kanuʻo "Minsk" kiʻekiʻe, iʻikeʻia e ke kūkā maikaʻi. Nui nā puaʻa, keʻokeʻo. Ka palaoa nui.
ʻO ka huaheluʻawelike he 12.3 -25.4 q / ha. ʻO ka mea kanu i ke kauwela o ka makahiki,ʻo ka manawa kanu o ka mea kanu e loaʻa ana mai 79 a 90 mau lā. He kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kānaʻoihana technology a me ka palaoa, nā hua o ka'ōpala - 73%, nā waihona protein - 16.8%. Ua nani a'ōleʻa, kūpono i kahi noho.
