ʻO kēia ka manawa maikaʻi, pākahi a i hōʻoia ʻia i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpio, hoʻopuka i ka State List of Selection prestasi i hoʻi mai i ka makahiki 1961. ʻAʻole i nalowale ʻo ia ma waena o ka lehulehu o nā ʻano like ʻole like ʻole no kāna mau ʻano kupaianaha. Ua hōʻike ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā wahi a pau o Rūsia i kūpono no ka mahiʻai, a ulu maikaʻi hoʻi i Moldova, Belarus a me Ukraine.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano kāpeti Mea Holo
Kālua mea makana ka hua waena-lōʻihi ma ka wā e ʻoki ʻia ana mai nā mea kanu a hiki i ke ʻano o ke poʻo mua o ka kāpeti - 100-115 mau lā, ma mua o ka ʻala ʻana - 115-135 lā. No laila, hiki i nā ʻano ke ulu i nā mea kanu wale nō, akā, nā hua kanu pololei i ka lepo me kā lākou kanu ʻana i ka hopena o ʻApelila - mua o Mei (ʻo ia wale nō ma kēlā mau ʻāina i ʻae ai ka ʻona). Hiki iā ia ke lūlū i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (+ 5-12 ° C) - ma nā kikowaena o Rusia, i kēia hoʻomaka a i waenakonu o ʻOkakopa.
Kālana - ke ʻano o ke kāpeti me ka pākeke a hiki i ka 135 lā
I kekahi manawa ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma hope o ka manuahi mua mua, a laila e lilo ka ʻōpala i ka momona. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā kikowaena ikaika, no ka mea e hōʻemi pono kēia i ka noho pā. Mālama ʻia i ka ʻōpū o kēia ʻano like ʻole a mālama ʻia a hiki i 5 mau mahina.
Hoʻohana a ʻono
ʻO nā ʻōiwi he ʻōmole, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻai ma ka ʻai, nā ʻai kalo, kekahi kīʻaha e like me nā ʻano aʻoaʻo. Pēlā nō hoʻi, kūpono nā makana no ka mālama, ʻohi a me nā ʻili. ʻO ka laulea intracocum ka lahilahi a palupalu, maloʻo, me kahi papa liʻiliʻi o ka lau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano, a pili pololei hoʻi i ka wā e ulu ai. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano ʻulaʻa no ka ʻono kolone i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻia. Loaʻa ka lau o ka fructose a me sucrose, no ka mea, he ʻono maikaʻi.
Maʻa ʻolua maikaʻi no ka ʻili
Kāleka
O ka lau ka lau, ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, liʻiliʻi ka ʻōpū. ʻOkoʻa ka makana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe me kahi koʻi wili, i kekahi manawa ikaika, ke hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala o ka waihona i ka hina. He nui o ka nui o ka nui, ʻo ka ʻū a puni loa hoʻi ke ulu a kaupaona ana mai ka 3 a 5 kg, ka awelika o 4 kg. Ma nā kūlana maikaʻi e hāʻawi ai i kahi mea e pili ana i 100 kg no 10 mau mika square. m, i waena - kahi o 80 kg. ʻO ka ʻano pākuhi, paʻakikī, no laila, i nā kūlana pōmaikaʻi hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi hōʻiliʻili nui, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā poʻo o ka kāpeti he paona 2-3 kg.
ʻO ke kolamu o ka makana, ʻaʻole kā piha piha, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai
Loaʻa nā hemahema
ʻO nā pono āpau o luna - ke nānā, hoʻoulu, hōʻike, kūpono i ka ʻili, unpretentiousness - hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i nā pono kumu ʻole o ka ʻano like ʻole. A no nā hemahema, ʻike pono kekahi mau māla i nā koi kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka mānoʻi a me ka hoʻomaumaha lepo, e kūʻē nei i nā loiloi he nui e pili ana i ka walaau ʻole ʻana o kēia ʻano. Akā ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia kēia kuhi e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēlā me kēia kāpena he picky e pili ana i ka mānoʻi a me ka launa lepo. No laila, ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻike mau ʻole i nā hemahema wale nō i kēia ʻano.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lālani kāpili
ʻO kahi ala maʻalahi e kanu i nā hua kanu i ka lepo. Hoʻokomo i ka hopena o ʻApelila - mua o Mei, ma muli o ka ʻāina a me nā kūlana o ka makahiki. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻomākaukau i ka huakaʻi e hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻohele i ka hōʻiliʻili a hāʻawi i ka lole mua.
Hoʻomākaukau huakaʻi
Ua lawe ʻia ia ma ke ʻano like me ke kanu pololei ʻana me nā hua i loko o ka māla, a no nā ʻano huina i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei. ʻO ke ʻano ʻo ke ʻano penei:
- Ekolu ʻōpala o ke kaʻaila kāwili a ninini i 50 g wai o ka wai wai.
- Kolo ʻia nā hua i loko o kēia infusion i ka wā e waiho ai kona wela iā +50 ° C (i hoʻoholo ʻia e kekahi thermometer a i ʻole ka pā lima lima koke: +50 ° C - paʻakikī ʻole, akā ahonui) hoʻi, no 1 hola.
Kolo ʻia nā hua ʻōpala i loko o ke kaila kākeka i ka wā e hiki ai kona wela i +50 ° C
- Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā hua ʻāpono ʻia i nā lole a i ʻole pepa.
He ala hoʻonaʻauao kūpono kēia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, e ʻaahu ʻia ana i ka hoʻonā palupalu palupalu i ka potala permanganate.
Ka kanu kanu
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ʻāina no ka kanu ʻana i ka māla mai ka wā o ka wā e like me nā lula ma nā ʻano like ʻole o nā kāpeti. Hiki iā ke kanu i nā hua i ka wā e pau ai ka honua, a laila e hiki ke hana a hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kahua ma loko o + 3-12 ° C.
Inā mākaukau maikaʻi ka papa, pōkole, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā pua. Inā ʻaʻole i hānai ʻia ka ʻāina, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā lua ma mua o ke kanu ʻana ma ka eli ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo me kahi pala a pitchfork paha me ka hohonu o ka bayonet.
Hiki i nā hua kolana ke kanu i nā pua
ʻO ka maʻamau, kanu ʻia nā hua kanu a me nā mea kanu e like me ke ʻano o 60 × 60 cm. Akā, ma ka lepo momona i kahi makahiki ua maikaʻi loa, hiki i kahi Makana ke hana i kahi rosette me ka diameter a hiki i 80-100 cm. No laila, ma ka lepo momona me nā manaʻo maikaʻi ma ka ulu, ua kanu pinepine ʻia ka makana: e like me ke kumu 70 × 70 a i ʻole 80 × 80 cm.
E kanu ana i nā mea kanu
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka kanu ʻana me nā hua, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā makahiki he nui o ka māla o ka māla o ka mea kanu, me ka maikaʻi o ka hua huina, ulu maikaʻi ke aloha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hua ma mua. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka uluʻana o ke kō, mua o ke "keiki pēpē" ka ulu, ulu a kāpīpī i nā kūlana home maikaʻi ma mua o nā hua kanu i loko o nā kūlana paʻakikī i ka māla i ka wā mua. A ʻo ka wela wela a me ka ʻāina maloʻo - nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole no ka kāpeti - i ʻike ʻia e kahi makana i ulu ʻia e nā hua kanu i ʻoi aku ka ikaika, me kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea kanu me nā hua kanu.
Inā e ulu ʻoe i nā hua ikaika o ka kāpeti, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi i loko o ka māla
Hoʻomoe ʻia ka manawa o ka lūlū hua no nā hua kanu ma muli o nā kūlana o kahi. Pono e hoʻomaka mai ka mea ʻo ia ka manawa ke kanu i nā hua kanu o ke Kūpono ma nā makahiki he 40-50 mau lā, a ma kēia manawa pono ia + 8-15 ° C ma ke alanui me ka pō ʻole pō. No ka laʻana, inā kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka Central Chernozem Region i ka waena o Mei, a laila kanu nā hua i nā hua i ka wā mua o ʻApelila.
Kahu ʻia nā hua manamana e like me nā lula e like me nā hua o nā ʻano ʻēa keʻokeʻo.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻāina i loko o ke ao kūlohelohe, a inā he lā i ka lā, a i ke ahiahi. Inā pono, hiki i nā ʻāina ke hana i nā kūlana leʻaleʻa inā ʻoe e hoʻopili i nā ʻaoʻao o ka pahu o ke kaula a i ʻole ka hoʻoikaika ʻana aniani a hoʻolei i nā mea ʻole e kāwele ʻia ana me ka uhi ʻole.
Kūpī ʻia kēlā me kēia pūlima ma ka kanu ʻana me ka wai paʻa i ka pae ma kahi o 0.5 l. Inā uhi ʻia ka lepo ma lalo o ka mea kanu me kahi uhi mulch o 5 cm, a laila e koi ʻia ka hoʻōla hou aʻe ma mua o hoʻokahi hebedoma ma ke ʻano he maʻa mau.
Ma kahi moena me kahi papa o ka mulch o ka liʻiliʻi o 5 cm, e hoʻoulu ana i nā hua kanu i kanu ʻia e koi pinepine ʻia
Mālama
Nāʻike nui o ka mālama o waho:
- hoʻokipa me ka hana ʻai. ʻAʻole ʻo nā huʻu i ka wā ulu holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka mea nui ka pale ʻana i nā nāhelehele mai ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana;
- hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mea e pono ai: me ka manaʻo o ka lā a me ka ua paha, pono ka lepo e hoʻomoʻi mau i ka hohonu o kahi o 70 cm;
- pūpū maʻi. He mea nui loa ia aʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea kanu. I ka manawa maloʻo, hiki ke hoʻopau, hiki i kahi kika keʻa i hoʻopau i nā lau lau i loko o ke kumu o nā hola. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hakakā ai ka lepo me ka hui ʻana o ka lepo uahi a me ka lehu lāʻau ma kahi pākahi o 1: 1. A hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā iniseti he nui, no ka laʻana, Actaru, Actellik a Decis;
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōʻohi i ka ʻōpala mai ka flea cruciferous, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi poʻo iʻai ikaika
- ʻaʻahu lole luna. Ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi poʻo o ka kāpeti, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka makana ma luna o ke kaona o ka nitrogen no ka lau. Eia kekahi, no ke hoʻokumu ʻana i ke poʻo, pono ʻo ia i ka phosphorus.
ʻO nā lula piha no ka kanu ʻana o ka ʻōpala Pōʻalima e like nō me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo.
Ke hoʻomākaukau nei i kāu poʻe ponoʻī iho
Ua ulu nui ka makana i loko o nā māla i ka wā ʻaʻole i kūʻai lilo ʻia nā mea kanu i nā hale kūʻai, akā ua ulu pono nā mea nona iho. He pilikia pilikia kēia, a i kēia manawa ke maʻalahi ke kūʻai i nā hua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Eia naʻe, inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā hua makana o kāu makana punahele punahele.
Loaʻa ʻia nā huaʻaila mai ke poʻo nui o ka pōpō o ka makahiki i hala. Ke waiho nei nā lāʻau hōʻike i ka nui o nā poʻo nui o ka pōpoki me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana i nā huahele kahi o kēia ʻano:
- Lawe ʻia nā poʻo i loko i ka hāʻule i ka hau, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻoki ʻia, akā i kāhi ʻia me ke aʻa.
- E mālama i kahi hale kūʻai i kēlā me kēia lumi i kahi mahana o 0-5 ° C.
Mālama ʻia nā kōla i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi subfloor i ke mahana o 0-5 ° C
- No 14-21 mau lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia kahi ʻōpala i ka pūnāwai me ka ʻole e hoʻopā i kahi pua apical.
2-3 mau hebedoma ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia kahi ʻōpala o ke poʻo aliʻi i ʻole ka paʻi ʻana i ka pua apical, a laila kanu ʻia ma luna o ka moena
- Kau lākou i kahi lei aliʻi i luna o kahi moena papa a mālama pono iā ia i ke ʻano me ke kāpala meaʻai.
- Hoʻopili nā aʻa huakaʻi, pono e mālama pono, no laila, ma mua o ka pua ʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou i ka lāʻau. He mea nui ia i ka wā e pua kokoke ana i ka wā i hiki ʻole ai i nā pua o ka cruciferous i ka manawa like, inā a lilo ke ʻano he lepo a hū ʻia ka hopena lua ʻole.
- Ke uliuli ka hua a māla, a heʻeleʻele nā hua, a ʻoki ʻia nā poʻo o ka ʻōpala, inā ʻaʻole e hāmama ka hua a pala nā huaʻala.
Ma hope o ka hānai ʻia o nā ʻōpala kāpili me nā hua lohi
- Ua ʻoki ʻia nā kumu, waiho ʻia i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a i ʻohi paha a maloʻo.
- A laila hehi palaoa, kākiki aku i nā hua me kahi lāʻau lāʻau a i ʻole kahi pala.
- Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua mai ka pulpula (ka ʻā nui o ka papahī) ma o ka sieve me kahi sela kūpono a i ʻole puhi paha i kahi makani ikaika.
- E waiho i nā mea kanu i hoʻopau ʻia no ka waiho ʻana ma kahi ʻano maloʻo.
Kālai maikaʻi nā hua kāpī ʻōpala a mālama ʻia i kahi lā o kahi maloʻo.
Mai kahi mea kanu uterine, a hiki i 100 g mau huaʻai ke loaʻa. Wahi a nā ʻano kumuwaiwai, mālama ka huaʻa kāpī i kā lākou hōʻola mai 5 a 10 mau makahiki.
Hōʻikeʻike e pili ana i nā makana Makana Kāleka
ʻO ka pīpī o kēia ʻano mea ʻoliʻoli nui - kahi māno melemele o nā hua kanu, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pōʻino a me nā maʻi maʻi. Ua kanu mua wau i ke makana, aloha wau i nā poʻo nui o ka kāpeti i ka hāʻule. Ka ʻōpala maikaʻi loa ia, ʻoi loa, ʻono loa i loko o ka ʻili a me ka ʻili. ʻO nā pilikia āpau me ia, aia ka pale o ke pale ʻana i ka leʻa kele wale. Kālehu keʻokeʻo ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka makana i loko o ka hale paʻahao no ka manawa lōʻihi, hoʻomaka ia e ʻele i loko o ke poʻo, no laila ke noi nei wau e hoʻōla koke. Ke waiho nei au i kahi loiloi maikaʻi, no ka mea ua nānā wau iaʻu iho no 14 mau makahiki o ka māla ʻana.
Larisa 2012
//otzovik.com/review_1385560.html
Hoʻonohonoho ka inoa i ka hōʻiliʻili o kēia kāpelu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka hāʻule ʻana, i hoʻokumu ʻia nā poʻo maikaʻi o ka ʻōpala, ma kahi makana, i kaupaona ʻia mai ʻekolu a ʻehā kilekā. Nunui loa lākou a nani loa hoʻi. Mālama ʻia kēia kāpala a hiki i ka pūnāwai. Hiki iā ia ke ʻai a kuke ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻomohu ʻia. Ke mālama ia, ʻaʻole e nalo i nā waiwai.
magadan 2011
//otzovik.com/review_878297.html
Maikaʻi ʻo Kapoliki a ʻoi aku ka mea hōʻihue i ka mea āpau. Hāʻawi wau i nā hua kanu o kēia ʻano pā i loko o ka ʻāina ākea ma Mei - ua paʻa ka lāʻau, ikaika. Ma hope o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kahi paʻa mau, kau pono i ka aʻa a ulu koke, ʻaʻole maʻi. ʻO ka mālama maʻamau: ka hāwī ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hoʻoulu wai ʻana, ka puʻu ʻana no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoi aku ka ikaika. ʻO kahi kolamu Meaʻala - ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi no ka ʻiliʻohi, he nui nā puna a me nā ʻaina kiʻekiʻe o ka ascorbic acid. Eia kekahi, kūpono nā ʻōpala o kēia ʻano no ka mālama hoʻoilo, mālama ia i kāna hōʻike a me nā waiwai a hiki i Pepeluali i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
chudachka
//otzovik.com/review_1907137.html
I kēia lā, ke ho'āʻo nei nā mea a pau e kanu i nā ʻano ulu hou hou e kū nei ma ke kūʻai aku i kēlā me kēia makahiki. A ua kūpono kēia mau hoʻokolohua - ʻaʻole kū ka moʻo, kūleʻa a me nā mea hou aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haole, ʻoiai, ua ʻoi aku ka mea ma mua o ko lākou poʻe mua ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Akā ua loaʻa i nā ʻano Lūkia kahiko kahi kaulana no ko lākou stamina, hoʻololi i nā kūlana kūloko a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi. ʻO ia ke kumu i emi ʻole ai ka Makana Kahiko mai loko mai o kā mākou mau wahi moe a kanu ʻia e nā māla lehulehu.
