ʻO Pelekikena Plum ka kaulana i waena o nā ʻano haole ʻē aʻe i ulu ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli ma nā papa hana pilikino a me nā mea mahiʻai. Maikaʻi nā ʻano like ʻole i nā palupalu, me ka hua mau i ka hua me nā hua leʻaleʻa, ʻaʻole ia i kau i nā koi kūikawā no ke kūlana ulu.
ʻOka wehewehe
Ua kū ka Pelekikena Plum ma ʻEnelani i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia iwakālua, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano like o ke kumu o ke koho paʻa ʻana. Kui nui ʻia ʻo ʻEulopa, a kaulana i ko mākou ʻāina.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Plum ulu pinepine ka pelekikena, i nā makahiki mua e piʻi ana ka lāʻau i ka hapalua mika i kēlā me kēia kau, akā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he ikaika, e kū ana ka ulu o ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 3-3.5 mika. I ka wā mua, he lāʻau pyramidal ka lāʻau ʻōpio, akā i loko o nā makahiki he lilo ia i he spherical, prone a thickening. He ʻeleʻele-uliuli ka ʻili, me ka aneane ʻole. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pana pua ma mua o ka kiʻekiʻe, e pono ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā lau, nui, ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka waihoʻoluʻu i ke kala, ʻaʻohe polescence. Hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia nā mākela i nā mākela; a he nui lākou i ka nui.
Hōʻike ʻia ka Pelekikena Plum e ke kiʻekiʻe kūʻē o ka hau, nā lāʻau me ka nui o ka mahana a hiki i ka -35 ... -40 ° C. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli ʻehā hoʻi kekahi pōmaikaʻi nui o ka ʻano like ʻole. Aia ma luna o ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi: ʻeha pinepine ke ʻano like me ka moniliosis, nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. E like me nā ʻano plum ʻē aʻe, ua ʻeha ka Pelekikena i nā hoʻouka ʻana e nā pōpoki e like me ka pēpē a me ka aphid. Loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o Cameo-ʻike.
Hōʻike ka pua i ka waena o Mei, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā pua keʻokeʻo nui i loko o nā kahaha liʻiliʻi. I mea e loaʻa ai kahi hopena maʻamau, ʻaʻole pono ka Pelekikena i nā mea inu pīpī, akā inā kokoke i ka wā like i ka pua ʻala a Skorospelka mū, ʻo Renklod Altana, ʻo Blufri a i ʻole Kabardinskaya ma mua, piʻi nui ka hua, hiki i ka 40-60 kg no kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau, ʻo ia ma kahi o 20-25% kiʻekiʻe no kahi laau malu.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻano like me ka hua ma hope o 5 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua makahiki. Hoʻomau nā hua, a me ka hopena o kahi kauwela wela ma mua o ka hapalua o Kepakemapa, a pinepine i ka hopena o ka malama. ʻAʻohe manawa i loko o ka hua, hiki ke liʻiliʻi iki nā liʻiliʻi i ka hua i ke ʻano o ke anuanu. ʻO nā hua hua i loko o kahi kūlana e hiki ke hoʻopau pono i nā lālā; pau wale nō hua ʻai ʻole e hāʻule.
Hōʻike huaʻōlelo
ʻO nā hua maʻa plalona o kēia ʻano me ke kiʻekiʻe, aneane a puni, ke koena o ke kiʻekiʻe he 50 g, akā ma nā lāʻau ʻōpala hiki ke ʻoi aku lākou. Ma ka lāʻau pākeke, i ka wā o ka hua nui loa, ua ke kiʻi nei nā lālā nui i kahi kūlana ākea, paʻa lākou i ka hua me ka wāwahi. I ka manawa like, ma lalo o nā kumulima loa i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻoneʻe i ka wai i ka manawa. ʻO ka kala o ka hua mai ke aniani a ʻulaʻula, me kahi uhi piha piha o ka pala. Kūkulu ʻia nā wahi āpau ma nā wahi āpau i nā poʻomanaʻo integumentary liʻiliʻi. Maikaʻi ka ʻili, ʻōlaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ka pulp he elast, ka momona, ʻeke a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha i ka waihoʻoluʻu, akā o ka wai he ʻāpana. Maikaʻi ka ʻono, nā momona nā hua, nā momona gula a hiki i ka 8,5%. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā huaʻai hou mai 4.0 a 4.5. Hoʻokaʻaka ʻia ka iwi, hoʻokaʻawale wale ia mai ka pulima.
E lawe maikaʻi ʻia nā hua a mālama ʻia, inā hoʻi inā ʻoki ʻia i kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka ʻūhū ʻana. No laila, inā e ʻohi ʻoe i ka hua i ka lā 5-6 ma mua o ka piha piha ʻana, i ka manawa i loaʻa ai iā lākou ke ʻano o kahi ʻano, akā, ʻaʻole i palupalu a hele mai i nā lālā maʻalahi, hiki ke mālama ʻia i loko o kahi maikaʻi no ʻelua mau pule. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hua ʻai ʻole, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻōpala i mua o ka manawa. He kumu nui nā kumu o ka hōʻiliʻili: ua ʻai hou nā kīʻaha, ua hana ʻia mai ka jam, compote, pastille, a he kūpono hoʻi no ka winemaking. Akā ʻaʻole kūpono nā huaʻai no ka hoʻomoʻo ʻana e loaʻa ka ʻuala: ka wai momona, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokō i nā koi no nā plums i hoʻohana no kēia kumu: ʻaʻole i lawa nā honi gula (ma kahi o 12% ka nui) a me ka momona nui (2.5% inā ʻaʻole ka loiloi ʻana. oi aku aku 1%.
Video: Palapala ʻO Plum ma ka māla
Kūkulu ʻia nā mea kanu plum
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka Pelekikena i ke kanu ʻana i kahi mākeke, pono wale ʻoe e koho i ka wahi kūpono a hoʻomākaukau i ka lua ʻauwaena i ka manawa. Inā kanu ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau i hoʻokahi manawa, ʻo kahi mamao o 3 mika ua lawa loa ma waena o lākou: ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka papahana a nā māka lāʻau e hāʻawi nei, ʻoiai ke kīlei nei nā kuli i nā pōpoki pili o nā lāʻau kokoke. I loko o ke kaiāulu, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā lā kiʻekiʻe e like me ka nui o ka lā e hāʻule ai ma ka plum.
Nā lā palena, hoʻomākaukau no ka pūnaewele
E like me nā kumulāʻau hua ʻē aʻe, kanu ʻia nā pelekikena Pelekikena me kahi ʻōnaehana hāmeʻa hāmeʻa i loko o ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻohi, akā ma ka hapanui o nā wā kanu he mea kūpono ʻole loa, ʻoiai ke kūʻē o ka huaʻalū kiʻekiʻe o nā kumu o kēia ʻano. I loko o nā wahi mahana, e kanu ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa, akā ma ka ala waena, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka climates anuanu, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā hua kanu e kūʻai ʻia i ka hāʻule i ka ʻāina a hiki i ka puna, a i ka hāʻule e hoʻomākaukau ai i kahi lua kanu. Landing ʻo ia iho i lawe ʻia mai ka waena o ʻApelila a, kahi ʻoluʻolu, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka lua o ka makahiki o Mei.
Hiki i nā hua kanu me kahi pūnaehana pani paʻa (i loko o nā mea lawe) a kanu ʻia i kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia manawa i hiki ai ke ʻano.
ʻO nā ʻāina maikaʻi loa no ka kanu ʻana i nā ʻōpala he māla maikaʻi ʻole o nā lau, kahi ma nā ʻano lāʻau ʻole. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pūnaewele ma mua, e wehe pono i nā nāhelehele a me ka hōʻuluʻulu, a inā pono, inā he aikawa nui ka lepo (sorrel, horsetail, ʻike wai ʻia), deoxidizers (hydrated lime a chalk paha, a hiki i 1 kg / m2) ʻO ka maʻamau, ke ʻeli nei i kahi pūnaewele, ua hoʻokomo wale ʻia ʻo humus (1 m wai2), akā inā maikaʻi ka lepo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kahi pākeke o ka superphosphate a me ka pālea kalama.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mea kanu koʻikoʻi i loko o ka lua kanu, nā mea i mākaukau no ka kanu ʻōpala 2-3 mau hebedoma ma mua o ke kanu, a no ka pūnāwai - i ka hāʻule. ʻO ka hiʻona o ka lua he 70-80 cm ka lōʻihi a me ka laulā, ma kahi o ka hapalua mita ka hohonu. He mea nui ia e kokoke i ka kokoke i ka wai. Inā hele lākou ma kahi hohonu o 1.5-2 m, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i kahi pūnaewele a kūkulu paha i kahi ʻōpala kūlohelohe. Ke hoʻomākaukau nei i ka lua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke lalo haʻahaʻa, a hoʻohuihui ʻia ka luna ma luna me nā mea kanu (2 mau ʻōpala o ka kompos, 0.5 kg o ka lehu a me 300 g o superphosphate) a hoʻi i ka lua. ʻO kahi kumulāʻau kanu a hiki i ka lālā lae mua o ka hua kanu (inā he) a he 70-80 cm ke kanu ana i kahi hua liʻiliʻi ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki e hiki ke hoʻolele ʻia i loko ona koke, a i ʻole ʻoe e kali a hiki i ke kanu ʻana.
Ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua kanu ma ka pūnāwai
Ke kūʻaiʻana i kahi hua kanu, pono e nānā pono iā ia a haʻalele i ke koho me kahi peʻa exfoliating a i ʻole nā aʻa a maloʻo. ʻAʻole he ʻano nui o ka seedling (a i ʻole he 2 mau makahiki paha, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o nā makahiki), pono e hoʻomōlaʻi ʻia nā aʻa. E wāwahi a ʻōpala i ka wā kanu, akā ʻaʻohe pua. I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka pūnaewele me kahi hua kanu, e hoʻomau i nā mea aʻe.
- Kau lākou i ka sapling i loko o ka wai no kekahi mau hola (a i ʻole a hoʻomaloʻo i kona aʻa), a ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou no kahi minuke i loko o ka kamaʻilio ʻana i hana ʻia mai ka pā me ka pālolo a me ka mullein a me ka nui o ka wai (inā ʻaʻohe mullein, a laila ka liʻiliʻi a me ka lepo a me ka wai. )
- Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui o ka huina o ka ʻano lepo mai ka lua a ua kau ʻia ka hua i loko ona a ʻoka hiki ke aʻa mai nā aʻa ma ka lepo me ke kū ʻole ʻole. I kēia hihia, pono ke ʻāʻī o ke aʻa no 2-3 cm ma luna o ka lepo.
- Ninini ʻia nā aʻa me ke kāwili a ka lepo i hoʻoneʻe, me ka hana maʻamau i ka manawa me ke kōkua o ka lima, a laila ma nā wāwae, me ka haʻalele ʻole e kiaʻi i kahi o ke ʻāʻī aʻa. No ka hiamoe loa, kokoke hoʻopili lākou i ka hua lāʻau i ka lāʻau me ka mākeke ikaika ikaika.
- Ma hope o ka ninini ʻana i nā ʻōpio 2-3 i loko o ka lua, hoʻopiha i ka lua me ka lepo i ka piko a hoʻokumu i nā ʻaoʻao ma kona ʻaoʻao a i ka wā e inu ai ka wai i ka wai.
- E hoʻomoʻokeʻo ia i ka laka kokoke i kahi pākaha me nā keke waʻa (humus, peat chips, ʻōpala ʻōpala).
ʻAʻole ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpala i ka lā kanu, ke ʻole he mau lālā maloʻo: ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kēia hua i ke ahonui ma ka mea kanu nui, a ma kahi hua kanu ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻeha ʻia. Inā ʻike ʻia ka pala a i ʻole ka hōʻino nui o ka ʻili ma nā kuʻuna o nā lālā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoki ʻana iā lākou i kahi wahi olakino, a uhi ʻia nā hōʻeha me nā māla var. Hoʻomaka ka hana mua ʻana i ka makahiki. I ka makahiki mua ua hoʻoulu pinepine ʻia ka seedling (ma kahi o 2 mau manawa i ka mahina), e pale ai i ka lepo a puni ia e hoʻomaloʻo ana; ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hua kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o 2-3 mau mahina, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka wai.
Ke ulu nei i nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu Peresidena e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama iki i ka wai. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka nui o ka lepo lepo, e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena, akā, ʻaʻole e hoʻomohala ka waʻa maluhia i kahi hopena momona. He mea nui ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo i loko o ka hūnū māla nui i ka wā kanu a a liʻuliʻu ma hope aʻe, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu hua. Akā i ka hapa ʻelua o ke kauwela, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka wai nui, i ʻole e hoʻokō i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpio e hoʻomau ma mua o ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo, a me ka pīpī i nā hua.
Hoʻomaka ka papa luna o ka lāʻau i ke kolu o ka makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka puna mua, ua lulu ʻia ka nui o ka nitrogen nitrogen kiʻekiʻe e puni ana i ka lāʻau. Hiki ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka urea, akā hiki pū ka ammonium nitrate, ma kahi o 20 g / m2. ^ E Ha yM. Ma mua o ka pua, ʻokiʻoki i kahi kōpala a i nā humus paha, me ka superphosphate a me nā mea kanu potash. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka mea pilikino (5-6 kg / m2) Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā minelala mineral ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā (50 g o ka superphosphate a me 20-30 g o ka paʻakai pākahi ma 1 m2) - kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoʻomaka mai ka lua o ka makahiki a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua maʻamau, hana ʻia ka pelekikena. Kekahi ʻōpala o nā plums ma ka waena waena e hana ʻia i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, ma mua o ka kahe ʻana o ka lā, me ke koʻi paʻa ʻana i nā hōʻeha me nā kūpaʻa var. I nā 2-3 mau makahiki mua, hoʻāʻo lākou e hāʻawi i ka lāʻau i ka ʻano i makemake ʻia: ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma ka plum, hoʻokumu ka Pelekikena 2 mau mākē o nā lālā heʻe o nā lālā he 3-4, i alakaʻi pololei ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou hoʻopā i ka conductor no ka manawa lōʻihi, a aia wale nō ma hope o 3-5 mau makahiki, inā ʻaʻole lākou makemake e ʻae i ka ulu o ka lāʻau i luna, ua ʻoki ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lālā pālaha ma ke anawaena he cm cm i ka wā e kanu ai.
Ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka hua, ua ʻoki liʻiliʻi ka Pelekikena i ka palau. Hana i ka maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe (ʻokiʻoki i nā maʻi a me nā lālā hū ʻia), a inā pono - inā he nui ka mānoanoa o ka lei - a me nā mālamalama.
ʻO nā ʻōpala kahiko, kahi kokoke i ʻole e loaʻa kahi ulu o nā ʻōpio, e hoʻololi ʻia e nā mea hou a i hoʻāla ʻia paha e ka pōkole o nā lālā nui, akā no nā makahiki he 20 mau mea ʻaʻole ia he kumu noʻonoʻo ke mālama i ka lāʻau ma ka pūnaewele.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, ua maopopo nā ʻōpala a me nā kumu o nā lālā ʻōpala ke keʻokeʻo, pale iā lākou mai nā lua wai hau kō. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā mea ʻāpono manuahi i loko o ka pale i ke aniani, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i nā lāʻau mai nā hares i kēia ala. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻōpiopio me nā lālā ʻōlaʻa coniferous a i ʻole nā ʻono lelon, ʻaʻole hoʻi e paʻi hou ka pāpaʻi i nā lāʻau kahiko. ʻO ka pale mai ka hau e like me ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka Pelekikena maʻamau ʻaʻole pono.
Video: prune pruning Pelekikena
ʻO nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia, hakakā me lākou
I kahi hihia o kahi plum, pinepine ka Pelekikena e hālāwai me ka moniliosis wale wale nō - kahi maʻi e hoʻomaka ana me ka pohō ʻana o nā pihi a hala i nā hua.
Ma ka hihia o ka ʻenehana kūwaho kūpono (hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻamaʻa a puni nā kumulāʻau, ho'ōla o nā hōʻeha, a me kekahi mea), ke ʻano ʻole ka maʻi, akā inā i ia hanana, mālama ʻia me ke kahe ʻana no ka Bordeaux. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ka wai o 1% i kēlā me kēia manawa, koe wale nō ke ʻano o ka wā o ka hua (inā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia).
Inā ma ka wā mua e hana ai i ka hoʻōla pale me 3% Bordeaux wai, a laila i nā maʻi maʻi (kleasterosporiosis, ʻōpala, nā ʻeke polū) ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka Pelekikena ʻano. Hoʻokomo wale ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o Cameo ma ka hihia o ka wili pālua, i ka wā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau a ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia. Inā hele mai ka pūlea, pono e hoʻoneʻe, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea hōʻeha me ka pahi ʻoi, hana ʻia me ka hopena o 1% o ka keleawe keleawe a uhi ʻia me ka mahiʻai var.
ʻO kekahi o nā pōpilikia nui e hānai ana i nā wai wai mai nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā lau he plum aphid. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, hoʻonohonoho ia i nā wahi i mālama ʻole ʻia. I waena o nā pōpilikia e hoʻopau i ka hua, aia ka mānakū plum a me kahi māla codling. Ua luku ʻia nā koʻi ʻōpala i ka wā o ka ovary, a ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā anuʻu i ka ʻōpala.
ʻO nā Aphids, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui loa ka poʻe o lākou, ua luku loa ʻia e nā mea hoʻoponopono kanaka (infusion o nā mea kanu, nā ʻalopala sibs, ka lehu, nā wai soapy wale nō). Akā me kahi hoʻokolohua nui o ia mea, e like me nā mea pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe, pono pono e kaona me nā mea hoʻomohā loiloi: Fufanon, Karbofos, Iskra, kēlā me kēia mea he mea nui e koho ʻaʻole i weliweli no ka māla ʻana a hoʻohana maoli iā ia e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka pākuʻi.
Nā Hōʻike Kūʻai
Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ka wā e ulu ana i kēia ʻano mea ʻole. Mai wikiwiki e ʻai. Hoʻokaʻa lōʻihi i loko o ka friji. Ma lalo o nā kūlana pōʻino (ka wela o ke kauwela, ke anuanu o Kepakemapa) a me ka koho mua ʻana, ua paʻa mau ka pulp i ka nui, paʻakikī me ka nui o ka waika, me ka ʻono waena. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻikaʻi maikaʻi loa no nā kumu kulina. Ma ke alo o ka waiʻai a i nā wahi paha me ka haʻahaʻa ʻana, pono ke kanu ʻia no ka pono o ka ʻoihana. He kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai mākeke.
Ilyich 1952
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Ma ka māhele o Moscow, ʻo nā hua o ka plum Pelekikena plum i piha loa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Inā mahana ke kauwela, e ʻōpala lākou i waenakonu, a i ʻole i ka hopena o Kepakemapa. Maikaʻi nā ʻano, ʻono, hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe.
Anona
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ʻO Pelekikena Plum - kahi mākaʻikaʻi o nā ʻano kahiko, he wā lōkuhi, ʻohi maikaʻi, ke ʻono maikaʻi a me ka unpretentiousness i ka ulu ʻana i nā kūlana. ʻOiai no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻouluulu, ʻike mau ʻo ia i kona wahi i loko o nā māla ʻokiʻoki.