ʻ Conferencelelo iʻa - i kahi ʻano kahiko, kaulana

ʻ Conferencelelo iʻa - i kahi kaila kahiko i nā ʻāina he nui me ke anainu. ʻIke ʻia ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, Kina. Ma hea a pehea e ulu ai kēia lei - pono ia e ʻike i ka māla lāʻau e pili ana i kēia.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano like a me kona ʻano holoʻokoʻa

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻonima kumulāʻau kumulāka e hilinaʻi nei i ka lāʻau ma kahi i kālai ʻia ai. Inā hana ka mea māla lāʻau i kona ʻano, a laila e ulu ka lāʻau a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe. I kēia hihia, maʻamau ke kiʻekiʻe o kona kiʻekiʻe ʻelima a ʻewalu mau mita. I ka wā hoʻohālikelike, hāʻawi nā wana i kahi hoʻonui o 60 sentimita. Hāʻawi ka lāʻau pēpē i kāna hōʻiliʻili mua ʻana ma ka makahiki ʻelima a iono paha mai ka manawa o ke kanu ʻana i ka hua o hoʻokahi makahiki ʻelua. E hōʻiliʻili i kēlā me kēia makahiki a me maikaʻi - 60-70 kg i kēlā me kēia lāʻau. Hoʻokahi kahi lāʻau i kālai ʻia ma ka quince liʻiliʻi - 2.5-4 mika i ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka lei i kekahi hihia e laulā ākea-pyramidal, mānoanoa nui, loloa ka lau. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pākeke ma mua o ka hihia ʻelua - 3-4 mau makahiki, akā e haʻahaʻa loa ka hua - 30-40 kg i kēlā me kēia lāʻau a 210 kg / ha wale nō. ʻO ka luhi o ka hoʻoilo o ka lahui, a he palupalu ia, a heʻuʻuku nā kumulā, ʻo nā lāʻau i loko o nā frost o -15-20 ° C. Ua ʻike kekahi mau māla i ka nui o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo ma ka ʻōpala. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻē aʻe ka hoʻomohala ʻole ʻana i ka like o ka mea like ʻole a e koi iki i ka wai pinepine. I nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki, he hapa ka nui o ka pale ʻana, hoʻāla ʻole ʻia e ka maʻi scab, aia kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka wela o ka wela o nā lau i ka lā wela.

Hoʻopau ʻia nā hua i ka hopena o Kepakemapa-waena o ʻOkakopa. Mālama lākou ia i loko o nā pahu i ka lā Ianuali. ʻOi ka pōkole nui a me ka hapa hoʻokahi - nā paona ākea he 143 kākā. ʻO ke ʻano o nā hua he elongated-pear-ʻano, paʻa lākou ma ka lāʻau, mai hina ʻole. Maʻō ka paʻakikī, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele, uhi ʻia ia me nā wahi nui palahalaha. Akā ka ʻiʻo o ka pinkish-cream i hoʻomalililua, ka momona, ka palu, hoʻoluʻu i ka waha a loaʻa ka ʻono maikaʻi. Ua helu ʻo Tasters ma Ukraine ka ʻono o ka Conference 4.8-4.9. Ua loaʻa nā hua liʻiliʻi ma loko o ka hua; Loaʻa nā hua no ka hoʻohana ʻana, i ka transportability maikaʻi.

I loko o nā hua pā, he liʻiliʻi a nui paha ʻaʻole ka hālāwai kūkā

Ma kahi e ulu ai ka hālāwai pia, me Rusia hoʻi

Konapaʻa no ka manawa mua mai kahi ʻano like ʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ʻEnelani i ka makahiki 1884 a me ʻumi mau makahiki ma hope aku ua lilo i mea pālahalaha loa ma ʻEulopa. He mea maʻalahi ke helu ʻana ua kanu ʻia kēia ʻano ma mua o 130 mau makahiki. Ua kūkaʻe ke kūkā i loko o ka mokuʻāina o ke Aupuni Lūkini ʻoi loa iā ia - i ka makahiki 2014, ua kāhea ʻia ʻia ʻo ia ma ka ʻĀkau o Caucasus. ʻO ka mea hoʻomaka i ka Institute of Horticulture o ka Ukrainian Agrarian Academy of Science.

Pūnaewele - he kanaka a mea ʻona paha i hoʻokumu, bred, a i ʻole i hōʻike i kahi mea kanu manu a ʻano holoholona paha a (a i ʻole) hōʻoia i kona ʻāpono, akā ʻaʻole ia ka mea ʻāpono.

Wikipedia

//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Originator

I kēia manawa, ke kaʻana like ʻole nā ​​mea like ʻole i Western, akā i ʻEulopa Hikina, a me ʻAmelika a me China hoʻi. Loaʻa he hōʻike no ka mahiʻai ʻana i Polani, Ukraine, Moldova. I ka Lūkini Lūkini, ua kanu ʻia kēia pōpoki ma nā wahi hema me ke anuanu a me ka mahana. Hoʻomaopopo kekahi o nā māla mahi i nā hana hoʻomohala pōkole ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ma ka Moku o Moscow a me Belarus, akā ʻaʻohe ʻike e pili ana i ka kanu ʻana i ka mahiʻai ʻana ma kēia mau ʻāina ʻākau. ʻAe, ʻaʻohe kūpono kēia ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo haʻahaʻa o nā ʻano.

Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ʻo ka haunaele o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā peʻa mai Kina i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka Hui. I ka ʻike ʻana i kēia, ua kapa ʻia kēia māka me ka Hui Pūʻina Kina. Akā kamaʻilio wale ia ʻano inoa ʻole e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kekahi o nā hua, ʻaʻole nā ​​pili like ʻole.

Pehea e ulu ai nā pears

E ulu nā kuikahi o ka hālāwai kūkā ma nā papa kīwaha a me nā māla mahiʻai. I ka hopena hope loa, ʻoi aku ke koho ʻia nā hua kanu ma nā dwenf quince rootstocks. ʻO ke ola o kēia mau lāʻau he 35-45 mau makahiki wale nō, akā, no ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka mālama a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻo ke ʻano mea e hoʻōla ai iā ia iho i ka ʻoihana. Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia nā kuʻekuʻe manu i nā trellises me ka hana ʻana i ka paʻi palma. I nā māla home, kanu pinepine ʻia nā pears o nā ʻano like ʻole ma nā ʻoaka o nā ʻano nui - ma kēia hihia, ulu nā lāʻau, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ola ka ola o nā mea kanu i ʻekolu mau makahiki. He mea paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo aku me kēia me ka maopopo ʻole, akā i kekahi ʻano, ua ola ka ʻaha kūkā ma luna o ke kumukūʻai ina nui.

Noho ka hālāwai kūkā ma ke kumukūʻai pia ma kahi lōʻihi

He haʻahaʻa pilikino kiʻekiʻe ka Makanaka o ka Piha, ʻoi aku, ʻo ia iho he koho pollinator maikaʻi. Akā, e like me ka hanana pinepine ʻana, e ʻoi aku ka nui a paʻa i ke alo o nā pollinators, no ka laʻana, nā pā o nā ʻano o Williams, Bere, Lyubimitsa Klappa, Chizhovskaya.

Nā wikiō: ʻĀina kūkā ʻo Review Review

Hoʻomaka me ka kanu ʻana o ka hālāwai

E like me kekahi momi, makemake ka ʻaha kūkā i nā kukui, mālama ʻia i ka lā, nā wahi i hoʻoluʻu ʻia. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonā ʻia kēia mau wahi e ka makani anuanu maikaʻi ʻole a ʻaʻole pono e pili i nā wahi e kahe ai ka wai ma o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāina, kahi i ka hoʻoluʻu maikaʻi ʻia, ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi huehue. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻāina o Alkaline, no ka mea, ua maʻi ka palaka a hoʻomohala ʻia ma luna o lākou. ʻO ke kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa o ka waikawa e kau ana ma ka laulima pH 5.0-6.5, hiki ke kanu i nā mea ma nā lepo me ka pH 4.2-4.4.

ʻAʻole e emi ka lōʻihi mai ke kūkulu hale, nā pā a me nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe paha ma ka 5.5-6 mika no ka lei lōʻihi. Kūkulu ʻia nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi huaʻai i nā lālani me kahi mamao o 3-4 mita a me kahi mamao ma waena o nā lālani o 5-6 mika. Ke ulu a ulu ma luna o nā trellises, ke hōʻemi nei ka mamao ma waena o nā lālani i 3-3,5 mika, a ʻo ka wē ma waena o nā kumulāʻau i ka lālani he 2.5 mau mika.

No ka mea ua kanu ʻia ka ʻaha kūkā i nā wahi mahana, hiki ke hana ʻia i kēia i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū. I kekahi hihia, ʻaʻohe pono e kahe wai i ka wā kanu. I ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu i ka mea kanu no ka hoʻoilo mua, ua pono ke uhi iā ia me kahi kikoo a i ʻole nā ​​mea mahana. Loaʻa loaʻa nā hua i nā makahiki he 1-2 o nā makahiki, hiki ke kanu ʻia nā lāʻau kahiko me kahi pūnaehana paʻa. Ma ke ala, i kēia hihia, hiki i ka wā kau palena ke waiho i kekahi - mai ʻApelila a ʻOkakopa.

Inā hoʻolālā ʻoe e ulu i nā trellises, a laila e mālama pono ʻia kā lākou hoʻouka. E kau i kahi paila laina a i ʻole nā ​​paʻa i ka lāʻau paʻa paʻa i ʻekolu mau kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka papahele. Hoʻomau ʻia ka waena o nā pou e pili ana me ka ʻelima mau mita. Ua huki ʻia nā kolamu o nā kaula kila ma waena o nā pou, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana ma hope o nā kanu kanu. Hoʻopili hou nā ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike no ka trellis a me ka mana hoʻokahi o ka pua ka ulu. Aia ia ma ia ʻano aʻe:

1. Pono e mālama ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka lua ʻauwaena ma lalo o ka mahina ma mua o ka lā o ka ʻāina e pono ai. I ka hihia o ka kanu kanu, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi lua i loko o ka hāʻule. Loaʻa iā ia kēia:
   1. E kāwili i kahi lua me kahi hohonu o 70-80 mau kenimika a me ka pākahi i ka like. Ma nā pāpū one, ʻo ka nui o ka lua ma loko o 1-1,5 m³.
   2. Inā koʻikoʻi ka lepo, waiho ʻia kahi papa he ʻumi kenimika ma lalo. ʻO ka pōhaku i kālai ʻia, ka pālahalaha pālahalaha, nā ʻaki lepo, a me nā mea e hiki ai ke hana i kona ʻano. Inā he lepo ka lepo, a laila e waiho ʻia kahi pālolo o ka mānoanoa like ʻole ma ka lalo o ka lua.
   3. Ma hope o kēia, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi mea kanu huaʻai i loko o kahi nui e hoʻopiha ai i ka lua i luna. Kūkulu ʻia kēlā me nā ʻāpana like o ka pit, humus, chernozem a me ke one me ka hoʻohui ʻana o 300-400 mau pā o ka superphosphate a ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mau o ka lehu lāʻau.
   4. E hoʻopiha i ka lua me ke kāwili i loaʻa, hoʻoulu ʻia i ka wai a waiho i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka lepo. Inā hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka lua i ka hāʻule no ka kanu ʻana i ka puna, a laila no ka hoʻoilo, pono ia e uhi ʻia me nā lako hale, kiʻi, ʻoniʻoni, etc.
      

      Pahu ka iho leʻa me nā mea i hoʻohuihui ʻia i ka pono
2. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia nā aʻa o nā mea kanu no kekahi mau hola i ka wai. I ka manawa like, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kekahi mau ʻano o ka ulu ulu ʻana, no ka laʻana, ʻo Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, etc.
3. I ka lua, e hana i ka lua me ka nui e lawa ai ka pūnao o ka punu. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi i waenakonu o ka lua, a ma kahi mamao loa he 10-15 kenimika mai kona piko, kahi pahu lāʻau 100-120 mau kenimika mai luna mai o ka lepo. Inā ulu i kahi trellis, ʻaʻole pono kahi kumu.
4. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka seedling me ka ʻāʻī aʻa ma luna o ka kui, e hoʻopaʻa i nā aʻa a uhi i ka ʻāina i luna. Hana maikaʻi i kēia, i nā papaha, hoʻokaʻawale i kēlā me kēia.
   

   Ke hoʻihoʻi hou i nā aʻa me ka honua, pono e hoʻopihapiha ʻia

5. Ke hana nei i kēia kaʻina, he mea nui e nānā i ka wahi o ka ʻāʻī aʻa - i ka hopena, pono ia e pili ma ka pae o ka lepo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
6. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hua kanu me ka elastic material. Inā koho ʻia ka koho e hoʻohana ana i nā trellis, e pālahalaha iā lākou i kekahi mau lālani o ke kelepona kila me ke aniani o 30-50 mau kenimika, ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia o nā mea kanu ma kēia mau ʻāpana.
7. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pōʻai kokoke i ka wili e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lua o ka punawai a hoʻoulu ʻia me ka wai. I ka hopena, pono ke hoʻomoʻi ʻia i ka lepo a hoʻopili i nā aʻa o ka seedling.
   

   Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua kanu, hoʻoulu nui ʻia

8. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hamama ʻia ka papa o ka ʻōpala o ka ʻokiʻoki.
9. Hōʻoki ʻia nā hua kanu i ke kiʻekiʻe o 60-80 kenimika, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lālā i ka hapalua.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka māla a me nā subtleties o ka mālama

E kiʻi i nā makana maʻamau a kiʻekiʻe loa, pono ka ʻaha kūkā e hōʻoia i ka mālama kūpono a me ka manawa.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

Pono ka hālāwai kūkā i ka ʻāpī meʻa. Me ka nele o ka wai, ua lilo nā hua liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi loa. Inā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka mālamuhina - hiki i ka pea ke nalowale i kekahi o nā hua, a pau paha. ʻElima a ʻelima mau kumukūʻai e koi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Kēia ana kēia waiwai i ka neʻe o ka ua, ka mahana o ka ea a me kona haʻahaʻa. No ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā pono ka pā pia i ka wai, hana wale kekahi. Lawe ʻia kekahi ʻāpana kahi o ka honua mai ka ʻōpala o ke ʻoki a kipi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana. Kipaku ʻia ka pūlolo mai ka ʻāina mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o kahi hoʻokahi mika. Inā kapau ia, pono ke kanu ka lāʻau. Wahi a ka mea, inā paʻa ka pākolo, a laila lawa ka lepo a pono ʻole ka wai e pono ai. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lāʻau hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi i ka lāʻau lāʻau i hana ʻia. Ma ka hihia o nā mea kanu maʻamau, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e ulu ai ma luna o kahi trellis, pono e hoʻolako i kahi papahana hoʻoheheʻe wai. I kēia hihia, hoʻemi ka wai a me ka pono no ka wehe ʻana. A hoʻonui pū ʻia nā laha ma waena o ka wai i ka hihia o nā mulching o nā ʻano trunks. I ka wā hāʻule, ma mua o ka haʻalele no ka hoʻoilo, lawe ʻia ka wai-hoʻouka i ka wai. Māhuahua kēia hana i ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī o ka pila.

He kūpono nā kahe waiʻuʻuku no nā mea kanu o nā kuʻuna

ʻOi aku ka lole

ʻO ka līlū maʻamau e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 3-4 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana e hōʻoia i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā makahiki o nā hua kūpono. I ka pūnāwai, i kēlā me kēia makahiki, 20-30 mau grika o ka ammonium nitrate, urea, a i ʻole nitroammophoska e lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka eli. A i kēia manawa, noi ʻia nā hōʻola o nā mea kūlohelohe ma ka maʻi o ka kilamu o 5-7 kilika i 1 m². ^ E Ha yM. Hiki iā ia ke humus, compost, peat. Lawe ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi manawa ma kēlā mau makahiki he 3-4. I ka wā o ka pua, e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā ovaries, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi mea kanu me kahi hopena o 0.2 g o ka waila boric i hoʻokahi lita o ka wai.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ua noi ʻia nā pōmika potash (pāmio monophosphate, pākaʻoma sulfate) ma ka nui o ka 10-20 g / m²ka hāʻawi mua ʻana iā lākou i ka wai no ka kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau. A i ka wā o ka ulu a me ka ʻala ʻana o ka hua, hānai ʻia ka pā me ka huaʻai Organic wai. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻomau i nā lita ʻelua o ka mullein i loko o hoʻokahi mau lita o ka wai no 5-10 lā. Ma kahi o ka mullein, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i hoʻokahi lita o nā manu manawaleʻa a i ʻole 5-7 kilograms o ka mauʻu hou. Hoʻopili ʻia ka infusion ʻōpopo a hoʻopau ʻia no ka inu wai. E hoʻohana i hoʻokahi lita o kēia paʻa i kēlā me kēia 1 m² haki lapalapa, hoʻokaʻina iā ia me ka wai ma kahi pālahalaha o 1 a 10. No ka manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēlā me kēia lā.

I ka hāʻule, i lalo o ke eli, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka superphosphate ma kahi o 30-40 g / m². ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, pono nā mea pena. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou ma ʻāpana o nā minelala mineral paʻakikī.

Hoʻopau

ʻO nā ala no ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka lei o kahi lei kahi ʻalāla ka mea kūkā ma ke ʻano kahi i kālai ʻia ai a me ke ʻano o ke kālaina i koho ʻia.

Palapala Hoʻolaha Pale Tall Pear

Inā ulu ka ʻaha kūkā ma ke kumukūʻai o ka hua nahele, a laila e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ʻano lei. ^ E Ha yM. Kahi ʻike ʻia ia ʻano paʻakikī a ʻaʻole ia he paʻakikī no kahi mea mālama ʻoihana. Hoʻonui iā ia i ke kahiki mua no 4-5 mau makahiki mai ka wā kanu.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike sparse no nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe

Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pears conference me ka mākeke ʻano maʻamau

Ke ulu nei i ka ʻaha kūkā ma ka quince rootstock, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kao kapu. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka manawa kūpono a me ka hoʻomālamalama maoli o ka leo o ka lei, a me ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana. Loaʻa kēia hana i ka 4-5 mau makahiki. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka mānoanoa ikaika o ka lei, ʻo ia kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hui peila.

No ka pear Conference ma ka quince rootstock, kūpono ka lei e like me ke ʻano o ke kīwaha

Kūkaha kaʻa o ka peʻa ma kahi trellis i ke ʻano o nā palama

Me kēia hoʻokumu, waiho ʻia nā lālā i loko o ka mokulele hoʻokahi. ʻO ka maʻamau, waiho ʻia nā lālā he 8 a 12. ʻO nā mea haʻahaʻa e loaʻa kahi kuhi i loko o 45-55 °, nā luna aʻe - 60-80 °. Hoʻopili lākou nā mea āpau i ka pani trellis, kūloko inā pono. I ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, e ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka mea hoʻoponopono i kēlā me kēia makahiki a he 60-70 kenimika ma luna o ka kumu o ka lālā luna. ʻO nā lālā āpau pono a hoʻokūkū a ʻoki ʻia "i loko o ka apo." Ke waiho nei nā lālā ʻōlule me kahi waʻa o 15-25 kenimika. ʻAʻole lākou i kūpono a hoʻopili ʻia paha, e hāʻawi ana i kahi manawa kūpono no ka ulu kūʻokoʻa.

Ka haku ʻana i ka lei o kahi lei e like me ke ʻano palma, waiho i nā lālā i waiho i ka mokulele

Hoʻoponopono i ka hāʻule ʻana

E pili pono ka ʻaha kūkā no nā peʻa stunted, akā hiki nō naʻe i nā poʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hāpai ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka puna mua i ka ʻokiʻoki i nā pihi e ulu ana i loko o ka lei a hoʻomoʻo iā ia.

Kākoʻo Crop

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i ke kauwela i ka wā o ka ulu o ka ulu o nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ma ka ʻāʻī ʻana (minting) 5-10 kenimika. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia i ka ulu ʻana o nā lālā ulu lāʻau hou kahi i waiho ai i ka hua o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Eia kekahi, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hopena kiʻekiʻe e ka ʻoki ʻana i ka pana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me ke ʻano o nā hua waina. Hāʻawi kēia ala i kahi ʻike a me ka manawa.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kahi hua kiʻekiʻe o ka pia ke hiki ke mālama ʻia ma ka pruning e pana i ka pana ʻana ma o ke ʻano pehu

Hoʻohui maikaʻi

ʻO kēia ʻano mea kalaha kahi hana nui i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole. Hana i ka hopena o ka lūlū ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka kahe wai me ka hōʻoki ʻana i ka maloʻo maloʻo, maʻi, ʻoki ʻia. No ka hiki ke komo i nā pathogens i nā pathogens, e puhi ʻia ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana. Hōʻeu ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe, inā pono, i ke kau ʻana i ka wā ma mua o ke kau, inā ua hāhā paha nā kihi a wāwahi paha i ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki - nā ʻano nui a me nā hopena i ka pilikia

ʻAʻole loaʻa kahi make nui o ka Pear Conference i nā maʻi inā ʻo ka scab. No laila, i ka wā e ulu ai, pono e mālama pono i ka pale a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Palapala: nā ʻano o ka pale a me ka maʻemaʻe i ka wā e ulu ai nā pears

Papa pākaukau: Mahele nui e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi mahele

Kiʻi Kiʻi: Nā maʻi maʻi nui

ʻĀpō Piʻi Pipi

ʻO ka hapanui wale nō nā hana pale wale nō e kūpono i nā pōpoki. ʻO kēia no ka mea i ka wā i loaʻa ai i nā hua a hua ʻole nā ​​pua a nā pua puaʻa i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā ʻōpua, ua pau loa ke hakakā.

Pehē nunu

Hānau ʻia kēia pēpē liʻiliʻi ma ka lepo o ka pōʻai kokoke, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai e piʻi i luna, a laila ma ka ʻāpana e hāʻule i ka lei o kahi ʻula. Ma laila ʻo ia e hoʻopilikia ai i nā pua, nā pua, ovaries, nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. I ka hopena o Mei, e waiho ana i ka hua ma ka lepo, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā larvae - nā mea i kapa ʻia nā khrushchites. Hoʻohana kēia mau iniseti i nā aʻa kanu lāʻau. ʻO nā kaʻina pale i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei i pale ʻia ka palahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi.

Pahu mua ʻia ʻo Bl Blomom Pōpī Pōpī Pōpī

Poma peʻa

Aia ke lele iā ia i ka pūnāwai, e waiho ana i nā hua i ka lepo, kahi e hua ai nā ʻōpala. A laila ua ala lākou i ka lei a kū i ka hua o ka pa. Ma ka kahua hoʻokipa ʻike ʻike ʻia ʻoe i kahi lua brownish me kahi hāʻule o ka gum. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻē i ka pōpoki ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā hana pale.

I ka wā i hoʻokau ʻia ai nā naheliki i ka huaʻai, ua pau i ka hakakā iā lākou

Nā Aphids

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hāʻule nā ​​aphids i ka lei me ke kōkua o nā ʻopi. E pili pono i nā lau ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo, a laila e hoʻopolo i loko o kahi wai. Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau manuahi i kēlā me a hiki i ka lau ʻana o nā lau. Inā ua nānā mua nā lau, e waiho wale ia ma luna.

Makemake nā ʻōpio i ka ʻahaʻaina i nā mea huna aphid

Nā Hōʻike Kūʻai

ʻĀlima ke ʻono o ke keiki. ʻAʻole wau ʻike maopopo iā ʻoe, akā, ua loaʻa mua loa koʻu ʻōpuna i kekahi mea nui loa ma ka waena o ʻOkakopa. E like me ka lōʻihi ma nā hale kūʻai (ʻoi wale ke poʻo i lalo ka mānoanoa). Hoʻopau ia i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1990 no ka mea he haper punet (ua lele ka maʻi i loko). Ua ulu i ka malu (ʻo ka lā mai ke kakahiaka a 10 mau hola a mai ka 18 a hiki i ka lā), hiki paha ke kumu i ʻole nā ​​ʻupena ma nā ʻale. Puhi ʻia ka lāʻau. I kēia manawa ua kūʻai mākou i nā hua kanu o ke kūkā ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa.

Kauka-KKZ, Belarus

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=939740

ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o ka kanu kumu ʻana o ka ʻaha kūkā o ka Conference ma Western Europe e wehewehe maʻalahi ʻia. i ka manawa i haku ʻia ai nā ʻaha kūkā like ʻole? Hoʻopili ʻia mai ka pomology Parani (i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻike ka ʻike, koe wale nō i lawe ʻia i waena o ka kenekulia 19): "Pehea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā ʻano like ma ʻEnelani i ka makahiki 1884. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i Western Europe mai 1894." No laila, me kēia papa ua hana no ka makahiki 131. Ma ke kumu ʻole, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia manawa ua aʻo ʻia ma nā wahi a pau i kahi e hiki ai ke ulu.

ilich1952

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=939740

Hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo me ka hilinaʻi nui o ka hui pōpilikia i ka hoʻoilo-paʻakikī i nā kula. Ua paʻi ʻia nā ovaries e ka pop o Chizhevskaya.

Hoʻopau piha nā hua o ka ʻaha ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Nowemapa. ʻO ka nui o ka paona o ka pūpū he 180 gram.

Anona, ʻona kikowaena

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=939740

Aloha Ke ulu nei ka ʻaha kūkā ma koʻu wahi ʻo Sumy a loaʻa kahi hua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono ke kali i ka hua mua ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki. Ma ka lāʻau, aneane ʻaʻole i ʻakaʻaka, ma ʻOkakopa a hāpau mākou i ke kapena. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ma hope o kekahi. ʻOno maikaʻi, maikaʻi loa a me ka momona. ʻOiai nui ka hua, nui a nui paha paha ka hua - a laila pono ʻoe e pāleʻi a kākoʻo i nā lālā. Ua hauʻoli loa wau i kēia papa. Nā Kūlana, Oleg.

Oleg, Sumy

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9733

Mai ho'āʻo e ulu i ka Conference ma ka laina waena. ʻAʻole nā ​​hōʻailona a ma hope koke iho. Akā no ka ʻĀkau o Caucasus, ʻo ke kahakai ʻeleʻele o ka ʻāina Krasnodar a me Crimea, ua ʻano hana like kēia ʻano. Ma muli o ka ʻono maikaʻi, ke ola noho a me ka transportability, me ka hiki ke ʻohi ʻia i ka ʻōpala ʻana i nā mea hōʻiliʻili, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano huaʻai a me nā māla mahiʻai.