Ke ulu nei i ka Victoria Pears

Kūpili ʻia nā pears loulou ma muli o ko lākou ola nohoola. ʻO nā hua o Victoria i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka hopena o ke kauwela me ka mālama pono ʻana e hoʻopau maikaʻi ma ka papaʻaina Hou Hou. ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole i kekahi i ia ʻano hiʻohiʻona. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākou i ke kīlaʻai i nā ʻano o kēia ʻili, nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kālaʻa a me nā kikoo o ka mālama.

ʻOka wehewehe

Ua loaʻa iā Victoria Pear i 1973 e nā mea pili o ka Institute of Irrigated Horticulture o Ukraine. Ua papa inoa ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i ke kākau inoa ʻana o nā hua hoʻokō o ka Russian Federation i ka makahiki 1993. Zofona ma ka ʻĀkau o Caucasus.

ʻO ka hopena o ke kauwela ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. Hiki i ka hiʻona hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hopena o ʻAukake, i ka manawa o ke ola ma lalo o nā ʻano maʻamau he hoʻokahi mahina, a ma nā pahu hoʻolōʻihi i hoʻonui ʻia i ʻehā mau malama.

ʻO ka lāʻau o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, i kekahi manawa ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka lei lei lei pōkole, ulaula ka mānoanoa. Huaʻai - ma ke kime. Ua pau ka wā kanu, kahi e hoʻoneʻe i nā hopena ʻino o ka hoʻihoʻi. He ʻano maʻamau ka nui o ka wā kahiko - lawe ia i ka hua mua i ka makahiki 6-7th ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. ʻO kahi hana, e like me VNIISPK (All-Russian Research Institute of Selection of Fruit Crops) a me nā kumuwaiwai he kiʻekiʻe, a maʻamau hoʻi - me ka mālama pono ʻana, hiki i kahi lāʻau pākeke ke hana i nā haneli haneli mau haneli mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Wahi a ka papa inoa mokuʻāina, ʻokoʻa ka uku.

ʻĀnō ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka pollinator ka mea maʻamau ʻo Williams Red a me Vienne Triumph pears. Maʻalahi ʻo Victoria i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hua parthenocarpic.

ʻO Parthenocarpy (mai nā parthenos Helene - "wahine" a me ka karpos - ka hua; maoli - "huaʻili wahine") - i kahi hihia kūikawā o ka parthenogenesis, hana hoʻomehana wahine me ka ʻike ʻole i nā mea kanu, ma ka maʻamau o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hua me nā hua ʻole.
Wikipedia
//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partenocarpia

ʻO Victoria Victoria kahi luhi o ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī, a ma muli o VNIISPK - kiʻekiʻe. He kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana. Aia ka palekana i ka scab.

Nui nā hua, nā ʻāpana hoʻokahi - 150-250 kākā. Kūpono ka ʻano o ka huahele me ka hua-pear-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka pulu me nā nui helu subcutaneous. E maloʻo ʻia ka ʻili, i ka manawa o ka wā e hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele me kahi ākea nui, kukui a ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula. He keʻokeʻo, hāmama, ka ʻono, ka aila, ka ʻula. Maikaʻi ka ʻono, momona a ʻono. Ka ʻike maka - 4.5 mau pihi. ʻO nā hua no ka papa ʻaina, loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona kālepa kiʻekiʻe a me ka lawe maikaʻi.

Ke kaupaona nei ka hua mom Victoria i ka nui o ka 150-250 pā

Ke kanu ʻana i nā Kisa Victoria

Ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka kanu ʻana i kahi pia, pono ke koho ʻo ka mea mālama iā ia ke hiki iā ia ke hana i nā kūlana kūpono nona. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe i kēlā me kēia pear i ka nui o ka lā a me ka wela, hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi nā ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kumumana, ka papaki a me ka lepo i ka nalo i kahi mea kūlohelohe a i ʻole ka hoʻēmi. He kiʻi ʻole e hoʻoweliweli a ʻike ʻole. He wahi kūpono ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a i ʻole kahawai hema me ka punawai o 10-20 ° C, pale ʻia mai ka makani a i ʻākau a i ʻole kahawai e nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa a i ʻole nā paia o nā hale. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono e hoʻopoina kekahi i nā mea pollinators. Makemake lākou e loaʻa i loko o kahi radius o 50 mika. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka lei o Victoria.

Inā kanu ʻia ka pī ma ka ʻĀkau o Caucasus, ma hea ia i ka zogaria, a laila hiki ke koho ʻia ka lā kanu i ka wā i ka wā o ka ʻohi a me ka wā hānau. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻokō ʻia kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi - pono ka hoʻomaha o ka mea kanu i ka wā kanu. ʻO nā mea e pono ai ke ʻano o kahi huiki.

ʻO 1-2 mau makahiki.
Hoʻopuka maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōnaehana aʻa me nā aʻa fibrous me nā mea ulu a me nā hōʻoki.
Pepeke loa, ʻaʻohe kīpoki a hōʻino ʻia, ʻili.

Inā kūʻai ʻia ka hua kanu i ka hāʻule, a hoʻolālā ʻia ke kanu no ka pūnāwai (ʻo ia ke koho maikaʻi loa), a laila no ka hoʻoilo ua ʻeli ʻia i loko o ka māla a mālama ʻia paha i ka papa. ʻO nā aʻa ma mua o kēia e ʻūʻī ʻia i loko o kahi palalā o ka lepo a me ka manure pipi momona.

No ka hoʻoilo, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka māla

ʻO ka hana, e hana i ka ʻōlelo hōʻike hana no ke kanu ʻana i kahi pia:

Hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka lua ʻāina ma kahi o 2-3 mau hebedoma ma mua o ka pae hoʻoilo. No ka kanu i ka pūnāwai, ua mākaukau ka lua i ka hāʻule. E hoʻolōʻihi:
1. ʻO ka mea mua ʻoe e ʻohi ai i kahi lua 0.6-0.7 m hohonu a me 0.8-1.0 m i ka anawaena.
2. Ma ka hihia o ka lepo kaumaha, kahi waiho i kahi papa wai o 10-15 mau kenimika ma ka māla i waiho ʻia ma lalo, e pili ana i ka pōhaku i poʻe ʻia, hoʻonui ʻia ka pālala, ʻeli ʻia, a me.
3. A laila e hoʻomākaukau i kahi mea kanu kai, kahi o ka chernozem, pit, a me ka wai. Lawe ʻia kēia mau māhele i nā waiwai like, e hoʻohui iā 300-500 mau kalama o ka superphosphate a me 3-5 lita o ka lehu lāʻau.
4. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka ʻano hua i piha i ka lua a i luna a waiho ʻia.
Loaʻa koke ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e hoʻoheʻe ʻia nā aʻa o ka hua kanu no nā hola 2-4 i loko o ka wai, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea hoʻoulu hou - Kornevin, Epin, etc.
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, kua kanu ʻia nā aʻa o ka huina no 2-4 mau hola ma ka wai
He lōʻihi kahi mamao mai ke kikowaena o ka lua (10-15 sentimeter), kahi pahu lāʻau a i ʻole kahi lāʻau kila paha me kahi kiʻekiʻe o kahi hoʻokahi mika ua kālai ʻia.
Lawe ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka lepo mai ka lua a i hana ʻia kahi lua i loko o kahi aʻa nā hua huʻu.
E kanu i kahi mea kanu, pale lulu i nā aʻa. I ka manawa like, ʻike lākou ʻaʻole i kanu ʻia ka ʻāʻī o ke aʻa - hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi aʻe i kona kaomi ʻana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā he mea ia i ka hopena ma ka pae ʻāina. He kūpono ia e kāohi i kēia me kahi lāʻau lāʻau a lāʻau paha.
E kanu i kahi pā, e hoʻomalū i nā aʻa
Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau ʻōpala i kahi paila me kahi kaula līwī a kaula paha. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa pinepine i ka ʻala.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau ʻōpala i ka paila me kahi kaula līwī a i ʻole kaula
No kahi mahu ʻa o ka ʻāina i nā aʻa, hoʻoheheʻe ka lua i ka nui o ka wai, ma hope o ka wāeʻe lākou a mulch. Pono ka layer mulch he 10-15 kenimika ākea. E noi no kēia mauʻu, ka manuahi pala, compost, etc.
Hoʻopau ʻia ka hana mua ʻana o ka hua huakaʻi. No ka hana i kēia, ʻoki aku i kāna alakaʻi kumu waena ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 60-80 kenimika, a me nā lālā ma kahi mamao o 20-30 mau kenimika mai ka ʻāpana.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka māla a me nā subtleties o ka mālama

Ma muli o ka hoʻomanawanui nui loa, ua kuhi ka Victoria Pear i ka huki. Kū pinepine pinepine lākou i ka makahiki mua o ke ola o ka lāʻau a hiki i ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa. A hiki i 4-5 mau makahiki e pono ai ka wai i ka manawa 8-12 i ka wā e ulu ana, e pili ana i nā kūlana kūikawā. Me ka nui o ka makahiki, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka wai i ka 4-6, me ka mea mua i lawe ʻia ma mua o ka pua, ʻo ka lua - ma hope o ka pua. Ma ke kaʻina o ka ulu a me ka wā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻōla ʻia ka hua i kekahi 2-3 manawa. I ka hopena o ka hopena he pono, e koi ʻia ka wai hoʻoila i mua o ka hoʻoilo. Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu mua ʻana, pono e wehe i ka ʻōpala o ke kahi lāʻau me ka mulching e hiki mai ana. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokipa ʻia, no ka mea ke pale aku ka mulch i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻōpala.

Ma hope o ka inu ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻoki a me nā mulched

No ka mea hānai, i nā makahiki 3-4 mua ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia, no ka mea i ka wā kanu i ka lua ua lawa ka ʻai. A i ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono ia e hoʻopuka mau i nā mea laʻa a me ka mineral.

Palapala: nā ʻanoʻano o nā manina no nā pears, nā huaʻōlelo a me nā ʻano o ke noi

Nā Kelepila	Pehea a pehea e kau ai	Ke waiho kālā
Minuke
Loaʻa ka Phosphorus (superphosphate, ʻelua superphosphate, supegro)	Hoʻopili i ka lepo i ka wā o ka eli i ka 30-40 g / m²	ʻO ka hāʻule o ka wā hope
Nā nitrogen (ka nitroammofoska, azofoska, urea, amonium nitrate)	Hoʻopili i ka lepo i ka wā o ka eli i ka 30-40 g / m²	I ke kumu puna
Pā ka paʻakai (potassium monophosphate, potassium sulfate)	Hoʻopuka mua i ka wai i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai i ka 10-20 g / m²	ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela
Ka huika Boric	E hoʻoulu i kahi hoʻonā o ka 0.2 g o ka waikawa i 1 lita o ka wai	I ka wā kanu
Hoʻohana ʻia nā kolikoli pākīnika i loaʻa nā mea pākuʻi e like me nā loiloi i hoʻopili ʻia
Kumuhana
Compost, humus, peat	Hoʻokahi pahu pahu o 1.5-2 mau kapuai kūleʻa i ka lula a me ka ʻeli	Hoʻokahi mau makahiki he 3-4 i ka pūnāwai a i ʻole ka hopena
E'āpono i ka lole kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe	ʻO ka mua, hoʻomākaukau i ka hoʻopili paʻa ʻana o ʻelua mau lita o ka mullein i loko o ʻumi lita o ka wai (koi i nā lā 7-10). A laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai ma kahi kaona o 1 a 10 a hoʻoinu i ka lāʻau ma ka nui o ka pākolo ma ka 1 m² kākela pōʻai.	I ka wā e ulu ai a e ʻoki ana i nā hua 2-3 mau manawa me kahi lime o 2-3 mau pule

Ma nā kihi mamao o ka māla, mau nō wau i kahi pālima hao 50 50 lela. Ma laila hoʻokuʻu wau i nā lau, nā kihi, nā ʻaka ʻuala, etc., e ninini ana i ka wai mahana a waiho no kahi hoʻokahi a ʻelua pule. Hoʻopuka ke kaʻina fermentation i nā mea kanu maikaʻi loa. A laila koho wau i ka lā inā ʻaʻohe hoa noho i ka ʻāina, a hoʻomaka wau e hōʻōla i nā mea āpau i ka laina - nā lāʻau, nā lāʻau, nā mea kanu. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, lawe wau i kahi lita o ka infusion i hoʻohui ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i loko o kahi pākaha wai. Hoʻolō wau i ka wai mai ka helu ʻana i hoʻokahi pākēka no 1 m². ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ka leʻaleʻa, no ka mea, he ikaika a puhent ka ʻohu. Akā ʻo ka hopena ke kūpono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea kanu. ʻĀ, ma ke kakahiaka aʻe e nalo aku kahi ʻala.

ʻOki ʻoki

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano kanu kālima kūpono loa he mālama pono i ka mālama lāʻau. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e lawe ʻia ana i ka mahina mua ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kahe o ka wai, i ka wā i hala ai ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hau anuʻu (ma lalo -10-15 ° C).

Hoʻolaha kūlohelohe

No kekahi lā Victoria Victoria, loaʻa i kahi lāʻau o ka ulu ulu, kahi ʻano sparse-tiered a me kahi kīʻaha ipu e ʻae ʻia.

I koʻu manaʻo, hana ke ʻano o ka puna i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka mālama lāʻau, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻiliʻili. Ma koʻu māla, hoʻohana au i kēlā me ka palapala no nā pears, akā no ka plums, cherries a me nā plums cherry. Aia ma lalo he ʻelua pilikia i loko. ʻO ka mea mua, i nā hihia nui, kūlohelohe nā lālā, kokoke i ka lepo. I mea e ʻole ai uhai lākou, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻōpiopio pōkole. ʻO ka lua - ua ʻoki ʻia nā mea he nui, ua ʻoki ʻia nā wīwī, pono lākou e ʻoki ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Akā i ka laulā, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au i maʻalahi kēlā ʻano hana, ʻoi loa no nā māla lawaiʻa kahiko, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi pāoewa e hōʻiliʻili i nā hua.

Ma ka pae e hōʻike mākou i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā hana ʻelua.

E hāʻawi i ka lei i ka pepa sparse-tier, pono ʻoe e hana i kēia kauoha:

I ka hoʻomaka mua o ka lua a i ke kolu paha o ka makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ua hana ʻia ke ʻano mua o nā lālā ʻōpala. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, koho i nā wana kūpono 2-3 e loaʻa ana ma kahi mamao o 20-25 kenimika mai kēlā me kēia. Ua ʻoki ʻia lākou i ka lōʻihi o 25-40 mau kenimika.
Ua ʻoki ʻia nā lālā ʻē aʻe "i ke apo."
Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia ka mea alakaʻi kumu 20-30 mau kenekulia ma luna o ka lālā luna.
ʻO ka pūnāwai e kū hou ana, ua hana ʻia ka lua o ka māka o nā lālā nīhai i ke ʻano like.
A ma hope o 1-2 mau makahiki, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi mākolu kolu.
I ka manawa like, hana nā 1-2 mau lālā o ka lua o ka papa ʻalani i nā lālā pāhiu, i hōʻoki ʻia i ka lōʻihi o 20-30 mau kenimika.
Hoʻopau ʻia ke kāpili ʻana ma o ka kāohi ʻana i ka mea hoʻokumu ma waena o ka kumu o ka lālā luna.
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lei sparse-tier e hele ai i 4-6 makahiki

He maʻalahi ke hoʻopiha ʻana i ke ʻano Bowl-type. Eia ka ʻōlelo penei

Koho ka ʻaoʻao hou i nā lālā o ka wāwae o ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana he 3-4, kahi me ke anelena o 15-20 mau kenimika. Ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia hoʻi lākou i ka lōʻihi o 25-40 mau kenimika, a ʻoki loa ʻia nā lālā koena.
Akā ʻo ka lua o ka hōʻea ʻana e ʻoki i ka luna i waena o ka kumu o ka lālā o luna - ʻaʻole pono hou.
Ma hope o 1-2 mau makahiki, ua koho ʻia ʻo 1-2 mau lālā o ka lua o ka papa ma ka lālā ʻoki, a ua ʻoki ʻia nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a pau.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hōʻoia ʻia i nā lālā kuʻekuʻe e hoʻomake like, e pale ana i kekahi o lākou e manaʻo i ke kuleana o ke alakaʻi koʻikoʻi. A hoʻokō nō hoʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka kālo lula ʻana i ke kālai ʻana i nā ʻāpana o nā wana e ulu ana i loko o ka lei a e hoʻohui iā ia.
ʻO ka lei aliʻi i lei lei no ka mālama maʻalahi

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua, hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā puka lāʻau. Ke hana nei i kēia, i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i ka mua, e hōʻoki i nā wana o ka hoʻihoʻi, a laila kihi ka makahiki a wehe i nā lālā hua. ʻIke maikaʻi ʻia kēia kuʻina i ka winegrowers - ʻo ia ka mea e ʻoki ai i ka hua waina.

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka hana hoʻohālikelike o nā hua pā i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka pūnāwai.

Wikiō: nā pono hua kanu kō

Kākoʻo Crop

I mea e mālama pono ai i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hua, pono ia i ke kauwela i ka manawa e ulu nui ai ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, e ʻoki iā ia me ka mea kanu a 5-10 mau kenimika. Ma hope o nā lā 10-15, e ala nā hū hiamoe, e hāʻawi iā lākou i nā lālā fouling - nā lima a me nā ihe. ʻO ia nō ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā hua lāʻau, kahi mea mua no ka hōʻiliʻili o kēia makahiki.

Hoʻohui maikaʻi

Malalo paha a maopopo i ka mea lawaiʻa ʻoi loa ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia ʻoki, no laila, ʻaʻole mākou e waiho ma luna o ia mea. Hoʻomaopopo wale kā mākou no kona hoʻokō ʻana i ka hopena o ka hopena e ʻoki loa, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lālā maloʻo a maloʻo a pau. A hana mau i kēia mea kanu i kekahi manawa i ka manawa mua inā ke hoʻoilo kekahi ua ʻōloʻi kekahi a wāwahi paha ma lalo o ke kaumaha o ka hau.

Nā Kūʻai Kūʻai

Pono ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka pruning he hana kaawale mea a pono ke hoʻokokoke e pono ai. Inā hana ia ma ka hana hewa ʻana i nā koi, a laila e pilikia ka lāʻau, i kekahi manawa nui. No laila, penei nā mea pono:

Pono ka paoa a me ka hoʻopili ʻia.
Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia ka lāʻau me ka antiseptic - 3% hopena o ka keleawe keleawe, 3% hopena o ka hydrogen peroxide, ka wai ʻona, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokiʻoki i nā lālā āpau, e hoʻohana i ka ʻano o ke "kani".
Kipi i nā lālā āpau, e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana "ma ke alapi"
Ua ʻoki ʻia nā lālā nui.
ʻO ka papa o nā ʻokiʻoki me ke anawaena o ka ʻokoʻa he 10-15 mm i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ke pahi a uhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana maʻa o ke kīwā o kahi māla.

Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha

Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo Victoria ma nā maʻi like a me nā pōpoki e like me nā hua ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻaʻole mākou e noho ma luna o kēia hihia ma ka kikoʻī a wehewehe pōkole i ka māla lāʻau i nā ʻelele nui, nā ʻano pale, mālama a me nā kāohi.

Pākaukau: kekahi mau maʻi pear

ʻO ka maʻi	Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona	Hoʻomaʻamaʻa	Kāohi
Septoria (keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo)	I ka pūnāwai, ʻike ʻia nā wahi hina hina ma nā lau. Ma ka wa waena o ke kauwela, e hoʻonui iki lākou, e lilo i ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu. Nā lau maloʻo a hāʻule.	Hoʻohana ʻia ka fungicide Horus i ke kakahiaka, i ke kauwela a hoʻohana lākou iā Skor a me Strobi	ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka luku ʻana i nā lau hāʻule, ka hoʻoili ʻana iā ʻOkakopa a me ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila me kahi hopena o 3% o ka keleawe keleawe a i ʻole ka wai o Bordeaux.
Moniliosis (monilial burn, fruit rot)	I ka wā o ka pua ʻana, hele mai ka maʻi ma o nā pi me nā inikua ʻē aʻe. Nā pua nani, ʻōpala a me nā lau e maloʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. I ka wā o ka ulu a me ka ʻala, ua pā nā hua i ka pala hina.	Hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻāpana pili ʻia o ka mea kanu. ʻŌpīhia nā pua, hopu ana i 20-30 mau kenimika o ka lāʻau olakino. Ma hope o kēlā, e hoʻopauʻia nā fungicides.
Hūlū hua	Hōʻike maʻamau i ke kauwela ma hope o ka māla i loaʻa i nā aphids a i nā honeypots. Ke ʻai nei i kā lākou mea huna (meli melona), ka ulu ʻana o ka pua i loko o nā lau a me nā hua hina. Ma hope mai, ʻeleʻele ka pīpī a lilo i hua ʻā.	Holoi ʻia ke kapa me kahi kahe wai ikaika mai ka wai aku. Ma hope o ke maloʻo o nā lau, mālama ʻia me nā fungicides.	ʻO ka pale ʻana i kēia pūpū ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau lāʻau e ka aphids a me nā tinnitus
ʻŌpala	I ka wā a ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka pua, ʻike aniani nā mea ʻalaʻula-melemele i nā lau. Ma ka waena waena o ke kauwela, loaʻa iā lākou ke kala, ʻulaʻula-kala. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau o ka lau, i haku ʻia nā ulu nipple i loko o kahi e loaʻa ai nā ʻala o ka ʻaʻe.	ʻO nā lau e pili ana, inā hiki, e ʻoki a luku ʻia. Hana ʻia ka lei e nā fungicides Skor, Strobi, Abiga-Peak.	Inā hiki, e pale ʻia nā mea kanu pā kokoke i nā lāʻau kanu juniper, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā spora pathogen.

Kiʻi kiʻi: Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ʻeha

: Ma muli o kahi septroiosis, maloʻo nā lau a hāʻule i lalo.

: Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Monilial pua pua i nā pua pua, nā lau a me nā mea pua

: I ke kauwela, moniliosis pili i ka hua me ka pala hina

: ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻonaninani ʻana o ka ʻalā soot e like me ka uhi kohu

: Kūkū ʻia ia i nā lau pihi ma kahi kokoke i ka juniper

Lāʻau: nā pōpō pila nui

Kāpe	ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻohewa	Hakakā	Kāohi
Nā Aphids	Hoʻopaʻi ʻia nā lau i loko o kahi auwī, i loko ke ʻike ʻoe i nā aphids o uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka melemele a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. A hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻike ʻia i nā wēlau o nā ʻōpio'ōpio.	Wehe i nā lau lauwili a me nā kihi o nā ʻōpana, holoi i nā pepeke me kahi kahawai wai ikaika. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia lākou me nā iniseti manuahi: Decis, Fitoverm, Spark.	Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kāʻei hopu. Mālama lākou i nā popo i ke komo ʻana i ka lei, kahi e lawe ai i nā aphids ma laila. ʻO nā wili i kāwili ʻia me ka hopena o ka lime lace me ka hoʻohui o 1% keleawe keleawe.
ʻIe pua	Kahi manu liʻiliʻi a hiki i ʻekolu milimita ka lōʻihi, hiki ke lele a lele aʻe, e ʻai i ka wai mai nā ʻōpio, nā pua, nā lau ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio, a kahi hopena ma kahi hopena. Hoʻoikaika nā hua, lilo a liʻiliʻi a koʻikoʻi.	Holoi ʻia nā pepeke me kahi wai o ka wai ikaika. Hana ʻia ʻo Crohn me nā iniseka. Ma mua o ka pua, e hoʻohana i ka Commander, ma hope o ka pua - Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio.	ʻAi ʻia ka ʻō ʻana a ʻūlū ʻana paha i ka lepo. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka luku ʻana i nā nāhelehele a me nā lau hāʻule. ʻO ka mālama hoʻohanohano aliʻi mua i nā puna wai me nā ʻōnaehana o ka honua DNOC, Nitrafen.
Pehē nunu	ʻO ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo huakaʻi i nā ʻāpana o luna o ka ʻāina i luna i ka lei i ka wā mua. Kuʻu nā pua pua a pua i nā pua pua a ʻai iā lākou.	ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili uila o nā pīpī me ka lulu ʻana iā lākou mai nā lālā a kahi pālahalaha. Hana ʻana me Nitrafen, Decis, Fufanon.	Ka huluhulu o ka wā kanu, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kāla hopu, ka mālama ʻana me nā insecticides
ʻĀlelo polu	Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka ʻoluʻolu o kēia pūpana i ka cocoons i ka lepo. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kona holo ʻana ma Iune. Mālama kona hua i nā lau. Hoʻomo koke koke nā nāu i loko o nā hua a me ka palaʻu hua.	Hiki iā ʻoe ke hakakā me nā kukupu i ka wā o ka lele ma o ka mālama ʻana me nā insecticides. ʻAʻole hiki ke kaua ʻia nā kaile lāʻau.

ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi: heʻano like nā pōpoki nunui

: Nā lau i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā aphids e hāʻule i loko o ka mauʻu

: ʻAi ʻo Tortellaria i ka wai o nā pua, nā pua, nā lau

: ʻO nā pua ʻehā o ka bee-eater wahine a waiho i nā hua

: ʻO nā kumulāʻau mau kumua mau kumua o nā hua ʻōpio

Nā Hōʻike Kūʻai

Victoria
ʻĀnō iki ma luna o koʻu iho. Ua kālai ʻia i ka lei aliʻi ma luna o kekahi mau lāʻau. ʻAʻole kukui nā Prematurity, loaʻa nā hua mua ma hope o 5 mau makahiki ma 2013. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe hewa ʻo ia, ʻaʻole paʻa ka lāʻau. ʻAno pua ia, he ʻolua nui hoʻi noʻu (he wahi ma ke awāwa, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka pūnāwai). Maikaʻi loa ka maikaʻi o nā hua, hoʻomanaʻo mai iaʻu ʻo Klappa's Favorite. ʻO ka mea mahalo, hiki i nā hua ke noho mau ma luna o ka lāʻau a hiki i ka 20 o Kepakemapa (a ʻaʻole lākou i nānā hou aku, ʻai lākou) me ka palupalu ʻole, ʻoiai ka wā e ulu ʻia ka lau wā i ka hopena o ʻAukake.
Roman83, Belarus, wahi a Brest
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=10571

Pese mai Roman83
ʻO nā ʻano kauwela kauwela, bred ma ka Institute of Irrigated Horticulture UAAS. Aia ka lāʻau i pālahalaha ʻia. He mea hoihoi nō naʻe hiki i nā huaʻai ke noho ma luna o ka lāʻau a hiki i ka lā 20 o Kepakemapa (a ʻaʻole lākou i nānā hou aku, ua ʻai lākou) me ka palupalu, ʻoiai ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana ma ka hopena o ʻAukake.
Ke ulu nei ʻo Victoria i kahi kokoke i 20 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano ka mea maʻamau i ka laulā. Eia wale nō ma ka ikaika o ka ulu ʻana - ʻaʻole i lāʻau iki ka lāʻau, akā ulu ikaika. A ʻoiai e noho mau nā hua ma luna o ka lāʻau no kekahi mau manawa ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka wāʻelemakule ua ʻoi aku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e koho iā lākou i ka wā e hiki ai ka ʻōpala, a ʻā ke aloha iā lākou.
Maʻalahi loa, ʻo Andrey Balabanov.
Andrey B., ʻāpana ʻo Donetsk, Ukraine
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=10571

Victoria, ua hānai au i kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi no 40 mau makahiki (heʻe paha mai ka lepo? ʻEleʻeleʻeleʻele me ka pālolo) ʻae wau i ka ʻAukake 20-30 (akā ʻaʻole ʻo Kepakemapa 20).
Shepetivka, māhele Khmelnitsky, Ukraine
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=10571

I ke kēkēkē ma 20 ʻAkake, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai i ke aloha a Klapp, a hiki i ʻo Victoria ke "hamala i nā kui" i kēia manawa. ʻOiai i ka wā i neʻe ʻia ai i ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa, ua palupalu ʻo ia ma nā lā 7-10.
Roman83, Belarus, wahi a Brest
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=10571

Ua kiki maoli ka ʻano pā leʻa Victoria i nā mea māla o nā ʻāpana hema. Akā ua hoʻomaopopoʻia hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu a hiki i Belarus. I waena o nā pono kūpono maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, ka huahana, ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka palala, paʻakikī ke hoʻoilo. Kūpono kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka like ʻole o ka hōʻuluʻulu a kūʻai aku i nā ʻano ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai.