ʻO nā mea huna o kahi ʻāpana Pale

Hoʻomoʻa ka ʻahu ʻaʻa i ka pahu i ka nānā ʻana o nā māla me kahi hiʻohiʻona nani, nā hōʻiliʻili nui a me ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi o nā hua. Nui nā hale kanu a me nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele pili i nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau mea kanu me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike ma kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona. No laila, ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i hua i mea kanu, pono ʻoe e hoʻomālamalama iā ʻoe iho me ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī a hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻano o ka poʻi kola.

ʻO ka wehewehe ākea o ka 'Aha Kūleʻa

ʻO nā ʻola nāhele polana i nā lāʻau dwarf, ua loaʻa lākou i ko lākou inoa no ke ʻano maʻamau o ka lei i loko o ke ʻano o kahi kolamu, i ka wā o nā lālā pīkī pōkole me ke kīhāpai o nā pōkā puʻupuʻu - nā kāpena me nā hua hua i kau ʻia ma ka ʻōpala. I ka hopena, ʻike ʻia nā pua a me nā huaʻai pololei ma luna o nā ʻāpana. I ka manawa like, like ka nui a me ka hoʻāʻo o nā hua e like me nā mea o nā kau ākea kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe ka lāʻau e pili ana i ka 2-2.5 m.

ʻAlaola nā huaʻai i nā kolana e nānā nui ʻia a he nani loa

E ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana, ua māhele ʻia nā ʻanoʻokoʻa a pau i ka hua (nā dwarfs kūlohelohe) a hoʻohui ʻia i kahi koleka stonal a stunted. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hua lāʻau o nā mea ʻōpiopio ma mua o nā peʻa maʻamau o ka manawa like, a pau pū lākou i nā lālā lateral.

ʻO ka ʻola kolamu ka lau i ka ʻāpana kūlohelohe pilikino. Hōleʻa i ka hua me ka ʻaʻole o ka koho ʻana i ke kolu o ka pūnaewele, akā no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka huahana e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau. No kēia, kūpono nā ʻanoʻokoʻa o nā pears me nā wā pua like.

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe nui nāʻokoʻa o ka mākeke i hiki ke helu ʻia i ka kolana.

Vitio: he aha ke ʻano o ka hua kolamu a me nā hua pā i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo

Loaʻa a me nā pono o nā peʻa kolaka

Ma muli o kona nui nui, ʻaʻole ka lilo o ka kolika i ka nui o ka ulu o ka mea kanu, a laila i hāʻawi i ka nui o nā pono:

• Mahalo i ka lei aliʻi compact ke hiki i ka nui o ke kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, e mālama nei i ka nui o ka māla;
• hoʻomaka ka nui o nā kumulāʻau e pua a loaʻa i ka hua i loko o ka lua o ka makahiki ma hope o ka pāpā ʻana;
• uaʻike ʻia lākou e ka huahana kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o nā pears maʻamau;
• he momona nā hua, momona, lawe maikaʻi;
• kahi lei liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi i ka lāʻau - ke hoʻoulu, hoʻoulu, a me ke ʻoki ʻana.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hemahema:

• wā pōkole ʻo ka lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki. ʻOi loa kēia ma mua o nā mea kūʻai maʻamau a ma hope e koi ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka māla;
• inā ʻaʻohe ʻike ma ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kolana, a laila koke koke lākou i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona a hōʻemi i nā huahana;
• me nā hua kanu ikaika, hoʻohālikelike nui kēia mau ʻano i ka lepo, e pono ai ka loiloi maʻamau.

ʻOiai kekahi mau hemahema, nā lāʻau kolamu i ulu ma ka pūnaewele e leʻaleʻa wale nō nā hua, akā no ko lākou helehelena hoʻi.

Nā Luna Nui me ka hōʻike

Hiki i nā ʻano like ʻole ke kola kolamu ma nā ʻāpana hema a ma waena o Rūsia. ʻO ka mea nui ke koho i nā ʻano i hoʻohālikelike ʻia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kāu māla i kou ʻāina.

ʻO nā ʻano nui ka nui o nā pears

Pono ka poʻe a pau e makemake e ulu i ka pali kolana pono i kēia mau huaʻaina ʻaʻole i kākau inoa ʻia ma ka papa inoa o nā Koho Maʻāina o ke Aupuni Lūkini, no lākou i ka hapanui o ka ʻike ʻole i ka hopena o ka lāʻau a me ke kū'ē i nā maʻi, ʻo ka ʻano wale nō a me ka hoʻāʻo o nā hua, me ka wā hoʻi o ko lākou ʻala ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa e wehewehe ʻia.

ʻO nā ʻano āpala kolamu i nā māka i ka mākeke:

• i ke kauwela;
• kauwela - gugur;
• kulu (ʻulu o ke kau, ka hopena, ʻewalu lohi);
• hoʻoilo.

ʻAʻohe inoa inoa like ʻole o nā polarole koloa. He helu wale nō: mai G-1 a hiki i G-5.

• G-1 - e pili ana i nā ʻano hoʻoilo, he maikaʻi ke kūlohelohe maikaʻi, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka hua i ka hopena o Kepakemapa a me ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻOkakopa. He melemele nā ​​huaʻai, tuberous, kaupaona a hiki i 250 g, me ka momona a me nā ʻiʻo palupalu. I loko o kahi lumi maloʻo a mālama ʻia lākou a hiki i ka hopena o Dekemaba;
• ʻO G-2 ka hopena o ke aloha e hoʻohuhū i nā ʻōpala, kūpono i ka kanu ʻana i Siberia. E hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka hopena o 10 i ka mahina o Nowemapa. Ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka hua me nā kiʻi brown, tuberous, ka nui a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 200 g Ua momona ka ʻono, ua momona ka pulima.
• G-3 - ke ʻano o ka hina o ka wā i hala, me nā hua i lalo a i lalo i ka -25^{e pili ana}C. Hiki i nā hua i ka wāʻelemakule kahiko i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa. ʻO nā hua nui o ka kala melemele, ʻo ke kaupaona 400 g, ka penia he momona, ʻoluʻolu;
• G-4 - kahi papa lewa me kahi kū maikaʻi o ka hau. ʻO nā hua nui, ākea, ke kaupaona a hiki i 300 g. Kēʻīnē ʻia ka ʻili o ka peel, i ka lā i loaʻa ka ʻulaʻulaʻula. He ʻono maikaʻi ka momona, ʻono ke kalo a me nā ʻono;
• ʻO G-5 kahi hopena o ke kauwela lohi. Aia i nā hua i ka ulu ʻana i ka wā o ʻAukake-Kepakemapa. Kūleʻa ka ʻūhā i nā maʻi nui, ʻae i nā frost, kūpono ia no ka kanu ʻana i nā Urals. Kola hua-ʻala i ka kala, me ke koʻikoʻi ma waena o 250 g, me kahi ʻono maikaʻi a me ka ʻala o ka momona momona a me nā momona.

Kiʻi kiʻi: nā ʻano nui o nā ʻāpana koloki

Nā ʻano ʻāpana kolike, a hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i nā mea kanu me nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele

Ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana o nā pears kolana i ka mākeke, ua hele mai nā mea kūʻai aku me nā inoa maikaʻi, a poetic, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mea ke kūʻai aku nei nā hua mua. Akā, ʻoiai nā ʻano like like o nā kolola koloki me nā māka mai G-1 a G-5, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ko lākou helu ma kahi o ka inoa o ka ʻano.

I loko o kā mākou mau hale mālama a me nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā polani kolala.

Ka Hoʻololi aku - Maʻa hope ke kauwela paʻakikī, kūpaʻa i ka pala hua. Hoʻolaha ʻia no ka kanu ʻana i Siberia a me nā Urals. Hiki i nā huaʻai ke kau i ke paona 260 g, mālama ʻia 10-14 lā. ʻAkahi ka ʻili o ke ʻano, ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka pulī he mea momona, ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

He kūleʻa kūlohelohe maikaʻi ʻo ka mana pear, no laila e hiki ke ulu ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau

G322 - i ke kauwela o ke kauwela hope loa, nā hua ʻai nui, nā paona 150-200 g, mālama ʻia no nā lā 7-10. ʻĀnō ke kala i ka kala, ke ʻano kekahi manawa he ʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lā. ʻOi aku ka pala, akā buttery.

ʻO ke kūmole Pear G322 - ke kauwela hope, he mau hua hoihoi, i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili melemele me kahi pua pinkish

ʻO Sapphire kahi hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo-pale, kūʻa i ka pathogen scab. ʻO ka lauʻaila i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻopiʻi ka ʻai i 12-15 kg i kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau. Kūpono ʻia nā hua, me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i uhi ʻia me nā palahalaha ʻulaʻula a me kahi ʻulaʻula, ke loaʻa i kahi lehulehu o 200 g Ua mālama ʻia a hiki i ka hopena o Dekemaba, ʻai hou, me ka ʻono a me ka hii.

ʻO ka ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka hina o ka paprika Sapifra i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻāʻī koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoilo a me ka pale ʻole e pā ai

ʻO Pavlovskaya kahi hua laula me nā hua nui, i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻili ʻili a me ka maikaʻi i nā penia momona. Mea kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua. ʻO ka huahana mai kahi lāʻau hoʻokahi 3-7 kg.

ʻO nā hua hua melemele nui me ka ʻili aʻaono a me ka hoʻōmi ʻono maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka hua o ka ʻano Pavlovskaya.

ʻO Dalikor kahi koho hoʻoilo kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka wā koho a Farani. Hiki i kahi hua momona ke hiki i kahi lehulehu o 500 g, momona ka momona, keʻala, ka wai momona wai ʻole me ka granule a me ka astringency. E mālama i ka hua a hiki i ka hopena o Ianuali.

Nui ka nui nā ʻaila Dalikor a loaʻa i kahi ʻono ʻono maikaʻi loa.

Hōʻike ʻia ka pale kūlohelohe maikaʻi no nā ʻano āpau i papa inoa ʻia, no laila, hiki iā lākou ke noi ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻāina ma nā ʻaoʻao hema, a ma ka Luʻu ʻo Moscow a me Rusia waena. Kāhea nā ʻano G-2, G-5, me ke ʻano Hoʻolaha hiki ke ulu i loko o nā Urals a me Siberia.

Nā ʻano hua kolala no ka mea e ulu ana ma nā ʻāpana

Hoʻohui aku i nā ʻano o nā pakanā kolamu i hōʻike ʻia i luna nei, no ka māla ʻana ma ka Lālia ʻo Moscow, ua hāʻawi aku ka mākeke i nā ʻano o Tenderness, Carmen, Honey, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva.

Ua aʻo ʻia ka mea kākau o ka ʻatikala i nā pūnaewele he nui e pili ana i nā peʻa e like me ke kolamu a hiki mai i ka hopena i makemake wau e kaʻana like me ka poʻe heluhelu.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻano koho ʻē aʻe, e like me Night-Werth a me Dalikor ma nā pūnaewele Pelekane e pili ana i nā koloni e like me ke koloni, no laila, hiki iā lākou ke manaʻo ʻia i kekahi o nā poʻomanaʻo o nā ʻano peʻa G-1-G-5.

ʻO nā kīʻaha o nā ʻano Tenderness, Carmen, Honey, Yakovlev's Favorite i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā mea aloha Soviet kaulana i ka makahiki hope. ʻO nā kumulāʻau epaʻa nui kēia me ka lei aliʻi pyramidal kūʻokoʻa (nā ʻano Carmen, Honey) a lōʻihi paha, me ka lei ākea (momo Tenderness, Yakovleva Lyubimitsa). Hoʻohui ʻia i kahi māla super dwarf, e ulu iki lākou, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke pili ʻia i nā ʻano kolu o nā kuʻuna. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke loaʻa i ke ʻano o ka lei e like me ke kālai ʻia ʻana ma lalo o ka pou.

Lāʻau: nā ʻano ʻāpana kolin no nā mea ulu aʻe ma nā kūlanakauhale

Kiʻi kiʻi: nā ʻāpana kūleʻa o nā pears no ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kanu ʻana (ka manawa, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pūnaewele, ke koho ʻana i nā hua, nā pae aʻe-pae)

No ka hoʻouluʻana i nā kumulāʻau laila, nā mea a pau o ka lā a me nā ʻalā makani i kūpono loa. Hoʻololi ʻia ka paila i nā lepo, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i nā chernozems, nā mea palaka a me nā ʻāina loamy. ʻO ka wā kūpono no ka kanu ʻana, a hiki i ka ʻāʻī ʻana o nā pua ma nā lālā. Hoʻopau ka ʻōnaehana kumu o ka pou polar, ma muli o ka hopena i ka hopena o ka pōʻino o ka hau ma ka wā kanu.

Kūkulu ʻia nā lāʻau i nā lālani: ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu he 0.5 m, ua kokoke ka ʻekahi hapa a me ka hapalua mika.

Ke kanu nei i nā mea kanu i kūʻai ʻia, ua nānā pono ʻia ka mea kanu no nā hemahema, ʻoiai me ka lāʻau i hoʻopau ʻia ʻaʻole iʻa. ʻOi ka maʻalahi e ʻae i ka kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu makahiki me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa.

No ka waiho ʻana i ke kumu no ka ulu maikaʻi a me ka hua, ua kanu ʻia nā lāʻau e like me nā rula.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi lāʻau ma mua o ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka lua.

1. E kāohi i nā lua pae me ka hohonu o 70-80 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka 60 cm.
   

   Kuhi lākou i ka lua kanu me ka hohonu o 80 cm a me ka lōʻihi o kahi 60 cm

2. Ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka lua me ka lepo momona hili ʻia i kāwili ʻia me ʻekolu a ʻehā kilekā o ka wai a iʻa paha. Ma kēia palapala, waiho ʻia no 5 mau lā.
   

   Ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka lua i ka pūpū lepo mai ka papa momona o ka honua i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu a ʻehā kilekō o ka kompos a iʻa humus

3. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻokahe ʻia kahi pahu wai i ka lua. E hana ʻia nā hana ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hoʻopili hou ʻia ʻana i ka lepo. A laila e hoʻonoho i ke kākoʻo no ka seedling.
   

   E ninini ʻia i kahi pahu wai i loko o ka lua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a kali no ia e hoʻopili piha i ka ʻōpū
4. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, kulu ʻia ke ʻano o nā aʻa no kekahi mau minuke i loko o kahi kamaʻilio earthen. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hua kanu ma waena o ka lua, e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia nā aʻa. Hiki iā ke kanu i kahi lāʻau ma ka lepo pala wale.
   

   Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua kulu ʻia nā aʻa o ka hua i loko o kahi mash earthen, kanu ʻia ke kumulāʻau i ka lepo lepo, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā aʻa.

5. Ua uhi ʻia nā aʻa o ka ʻili i ka hui ʻāina kōnaehana i ʻelua papaahi, ʻo kēlā me kēia manawa ke kī ʻana.
   

   Ke kanu nei i kahi mea kanu me kahi ʻōnaʻo poka wehe, lawe mai ka honua i ʻelua hana, ma hope o kēlā me kēia noi he hoʻopaʻa ʻia

   ʻO ka aʻa aʻa a i ʻole ka pūnaewele pae ʻana ma hope o ke kanu ʻana e pono ke kū aʻe i 2-3 cm ma luna o ka pae ʻāina.
   

   Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua kanu, pono nā pūnaewele vaksin 3-4 cm ma luna o ka lepo

6. Moe a puni ka lāʻau i ka punawai i ka puna 10-15 cm kiʻekiʻe, e ninini i hoʻokahi wai o nā wai wai ma lalo o ke ʻano mea kanu.
   

   Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka pōʻai wai ʻia, hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau wai wai e ninini ʻia ma lalo o ka seedling

7. Ma hope o ka hoʻohāinu ʻana, ke humuhumu ʻia ka honua me ka maʻa, humus a ʻōpala paha e pale aku ai i ka ʻakaʻaka.
   

   Ma hope o ka inu ʻana i ka ʻili, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pōpoki o ke ʻōpala me ka maʻa, ka humus a i ʻole ka ʻōpala. Pale kēia i ka hoʻohiolo ʻana o ka honua a hoʻopaʻa i ka mako i ka wā wela.

Pono ka kanu ʻana o kahi kola kolamu i ka manawa he nui, akā e uku ʻia me kahi helu ola maikaʻi a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o kahi hua hua.

Ka mālama kanu (kanu, hoʻoulu, hoʻoulu, hoʻouluulu no ka hoʻoilo, a me kekahi mea)

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā kumulāʻau kolana e kau i ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, ka lole o luna, e wehe ana i ka lepo, ka wehe ʻana i nā lau, nā mea kanu, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlohelohe no ka microorganisms a me nā pōpoki. Lawe ʻia nā hana ʻoi mahiai i ka wā ulu, mai ka mahina mua a hiki i ka hopena o ka'ōleʻa.

Kākau

ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi o ka mālama i nā kuʻekuʻe kolone ka mea kūpono, ke kau ʻia ma luna o ke ʻano o ka lei a me ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau. No ka trimming i mea e kūleʻa ai, pono e nānā ʻia nā ʻano i kēia manawa:

• hana ka ʻōpili i kahi lāʻau ʻōpio (pono kēia mea e pono ai);
• pono loa ke ola o ka mea kanu;
• i ka wā kanu, pono ke nānā ʻia nā lula āpau o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai: ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ka lepo, ua welele ʻia ka pōʻai lāʻau, ʻo ka lole o luna ka mea i hana pinepine ʻia a pololei hoʻi, a laila.

I loko o nā kūlana kūpono, ma hope o ka wili mua ʻana ma luna o 60% o nā lālā, 2 a i ʻole 3 e hū aʻe. E hāʻawi kekahi i kahi pakele ikaika e hoʻomau, ʻo ka lua - he lālā liʻiliʻi aila, ʻo ke kolu, inā ia e ala aʻe, e ulu a lilo i lālā liʻiliʻi. Ke koena o ka 40% o nā lālā i ʻoki ʻia, hoʻokahi wale nō, ʻo ke akeʻa kokoke loa i ka pine, e ala aʻe.

//www.umhoz.com/formirovanie-kroni-kolonovidnih-jablon/

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻokō i nā koina a pau i luna, a laila ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua mua, he ʻumi hapa wale nō o ka lālā e ala i ka 2 o nā pua, ma ke koena o 90% - hoʻokahi pua.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki i ka pūnāwai me ka wā lohi a hana i ʻelua ala:

• ʻoki pōkole o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, e hōʻeuʻeu ana i ka ala ʻana o nā māla hope i lalo o ka ʻokiʻoki;
• ʻoki nā lālā, aʻo ka ʻōpala e noho mau ma ka ʻoki.

Hāʻawi nā lālā melati i kahi hāʻawi ʻana o ka ea mahana i ka lei

Hoʻomoe kala. ʻO ka wā maikaʻi loa no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka hua ma ka puna i hoʻomaka i Malaki-ʻApelila. I kēia manawa, e hoʻoluʻolu ke ea i ka lewa, akā ʻaʻole nui ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻoki ʻia e ʻae i nā kahawai mahana i nā manawaleʻa e kahele ʻia ma ka lei o ka lāʻau. No kahi lāʻau pākeke, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka kanu ʻana i ka nalo i nā lālā maloʻo a hoʻoemi i ka ukana ma nā lālā nui i ka wā hua.

Hoʻopau hua. Pēlā e like me ke kānāwai, i ka wā lohi e lawe ai lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino o ka hua pā, i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai nā lālā maloʻo a maʻi ʻole. Hana iā ia i ke ʻano o nā mahana i ka wā i kiola ʻia ai nā lāʻau i nā lau. Inā ʻaʻole hiki kēia ke hana i ka manawa, a laila e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka hana a hiki i ka pūnāwai, i mea e pale ʻole ai i nā lālā.

Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia nā pālala polala i ka hopena o ʻAukake a i ka hoʻomaka mua paha o Kepakemapa, ʻo ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i keʻa o ka pōkole kiʻekiʻe, a ma muli o ka līkū ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau.

//www.umhoz.com/kolonovidnaja-grusha/

Kuhi ʻia nei ka hana mua ʻana ma ka makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui i ka hapanui o kēia ʻāpana a i ʻole ua ʻoki ʻia kēlā lālā, ʻo ka mea nui i ka wā ma hope o ke kālai ʻana i ka lā i kahi ʻano o ka kolone me nā pale ʻole a me nā manaʻo kaumaha.

• ʻaʻole e ʻoki ʻia ke kumu nui;
• i ka makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, i ka pūnāwai, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lala a pau a laila i waiho i kā lākou mau pua ʻelua, e helu ana mai ka waihona o ka lālā;
• aneane he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha kenimimeta ke noho mau i ka lāʻau kokoke i ka ʻoki. Kālaki iki nāʻaoʻao i kahi kihi o kahi 30 mau kekelē. I hoʻokahi makahiki, ulu nā koena i ke koena i nā ʻōpū piha piha;
• no ka wai i ka makahiki e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia kumuhana o ka makahiki e waiho a wailana hou, a ʻoki pū i kahi kūpaʻa e like me ke kumu ma luna (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻelua o ka pīpī i waiho ʻia ma laila, e helu ana mai ka pae o ka lālā);
• pua mau pua e kū pono ana i ka pualikoa, ka pōkole pokole, a ma ka pali i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana e ulu aʻe nā pua ʻelua. E lilo kekahi o lākou i ka hua, a ʻo ka mea ʻelua e hōʻoki ʻia hou i ka makahiki hou;
• kahi kaʻina hana i ka lei i lawe ʻia i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki;
• e hoʻokō i kahi hoʻonui ulu o ka lei i ʻole ka kaupalena ʻana, lawe ʻia ka kāpili ma ka ʻala wale nō.

Inā ʻaʻole e ulu a ʻōpiopio paha ka lolo apical, a laila ʻoki ʻia kēia ʻāpana o ka lāʻau i kahi pana ikaika, waiho ʻia e hoʻomau i ka ʻala.

Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o ka mea kikowaena kikowaena kiʻekiʻe i koi ʻia (kiʻekiʻe 2-2,5 mika), ua ʻoki ʻia a hiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela. I nā makahiki ma hope mai, he nui nā lālā a pau e ulu ana ma luna o ke alakaʻi.

Hāʻawi ka mālama kūpono i kahi ulu makahiki o ka kihi e ka 10-15 cm a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kekahi mau lālā lateral 2-3. Me kahi alakaʻi nawaliwali, ua pōkole ia i nā 2-3 keiki.

Hoʻohui hua

I ka makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua kanu ma kahi lāʻau, ʻike paha nā pua. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ka mea kanu a ulu, ulu lākou. Inā e ulu maikaʻi ka pila, a laila e koi ʻia i ka makahiki aʻe e haʻalele iā 4-5 mau hua ma luna. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou helu ma ka lāʻau.

Pono ke koho ponoʻī ka hua ʻai no kēlā me kēia mea kanu. Me ka nui o nā lālā a me kahi hōʻemi nui loa i ka nui o nā pears no ka manawa e hiki mai ana, i normal ka nui o nā hua ma ka lāʻau.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

ʻO ka hapanui o ka inu ʻana i ka pou kolepa he hilinaʻi i nā kūlana o ka wā.

• i nā kime wela i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka ua, pono paha ka inu i kēlā me kēia lā;
• i ke anuanu, hoʻomaʻū nā lāʻau i ʻelua mau manawa i ka pule;
• no ka inu ʻana, hoʻohana i ka wai i hoʻomoihū ʻia ma ka lā;
• i ka wela, ma hope o ka hoʻomuū ʻana, e pīpī i ka pōʻai papakū me ka mulch i mea e lōʻihi ai ka noho ʻana i ka lepo.

Ma hope o ka hoʻohāinu ʻana, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka wehe ʻana o ka lepo, hāʻawi kēia i ka hāʻawi o ka oxygen i nā aʻa, a pale pū kekahi pūnaʻi o ke aʻa mai ka pala. I ka manawa like, wehe ʻia nā nāhelehele i ka wā o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana.

Mea hoʻolaʻa i nā ʻars

No ka ulu maikaʻi o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau, pono ka ʻai maʻamau a kūpono hoʻi. Hana lākou i nā maniua nitrogen mai ka lua a i ke kolu paha o ka makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, i ka wā a ke aʻa ka mana a ikaika nui ai. No kēia mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka urea (urea): hoʻoheheʻe ʻia 10 g i ʻelua lita o ka wai, i hoʻokomo ʻia ma lalo o kēlā me kēia mea kanu.

• ka lole luna mua e hana ia i loko o ke kō, ma hope o ke ʻano o nā lau mua. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka mea mua, ua mālama ʻia ke kapa kiʻekiʻe o ka lua, a ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka lua - ke kolu;
• ʻO ka lepo ma waena o nā lālani e mālama ʻia ma lalo o ke kai ʻeleʻele. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lālani pahu ma mua o ʻelua mau mika, pono ka maʻamau a nui ka nui.

I ka hapalua mua o ke kauwela, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka lole huluhulu urea me ka slurry a iʻa moa hou paha:

• ʻae ʻia ka mullein a me ka slurry, hoʻohui ʻia i ka wai paʻa i ka pae o 1:10. Ma lalo o kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau e hāʻawi i ka 1 lita o ka hui ʻana;
• Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono ka hoʻolulilulu ʻana i nā manu: ua piha ka hapalua o ke kohu me nā ʻōpala, piha ka wahi i koe me ka wai mahana. Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano o nā minamina no ʻelua pule me ka hoʻoulu ʻana. No ka mea kanu manawaleʻa wale nō ka hapa wai, kahi ninini ʻia me ka wai he iwakālua mau manawa. Ua ninini ʻia ka lī l ma lalo o kēlā me kēia mea kanu.

Mai ka hopena o Kepakemapa, ʻaʻole pono ke hāpai i ka hānai ʻana i ka aʻa me ka nitrogen, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe manawa ka mea kanu i ka hoʻomākaukau no kahi kūlana hoʻomaha a make me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau.

ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka pōʻai kūpono ma ka pā i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea minuke mineral i loaʻa ka potassium a me ka phosphorus. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke iā lākou iho a kūʻai paha ma kahi hale kūʻai ʻokoʻa.

• 10 l o ka wai;
• 1 tbsp. la l pālala kalima;
• 2 tbsp. la l pāhawewe superphosphate.

Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pōʻai o ka ʻokiʻoki. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka rula ʻana no ka 1 square. m

Noho hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo

ʻOiai ke kūpono o nā ʻano kolana o nā kaho he kūleʻa i ka hau, ua kuhikuhi e hoʻomāoʻomaʻa iā lākou i nā kūlana o ke kikowaena o Lūkini no ka hoʻoilo. Pono kēia i nā mea ʻōpio, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole i mākaukau ko lākou aʻa no ke wā anuanu e hiki mai ana.
Nui kekahi mau ʻano hana koʻikoʻi e hiki ai i nā lāʻau ke ola i ke hoʻoilo a hiki ma Siberia:

• ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau mai ka lāʻau, ua hemo a hoʻopau ʻia me nā hua maloʻo i hāʻule e hoʻopau ai i ka hoʻoilo i nā pōpilikia a me nā pathogens;
• ma ka hopena o ka ʻāʻī, e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻōpala me ka peʻe wai-wai me ka palaka a i ʻole ka lime paha i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko ona (kahi mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka whitewashing e kūʻai). Mālama kēia i ka ʻili mai ka ʻaihue ʻana ma muli o nā ʻōmaka mahana;
• ua uhi ʻia ka ʻōpala i nā pahu he iwakāluakūmākahi o ka lāʻau wahie a mauʻu paha.

ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka ʻalā o kahi peʻa e pale aku i ka ʻili mai ka ʻāʻī ʻana a me ka maʻi e nā mikrobes ma muli o ke ʻano ʻana o ka wela

ʻO ka ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki i nā lāʻau ʻōpio e pale i nā pua apical, i ko lākou mea ʻae loa a hiki i ka make ʻana mai ka hau. No ka hana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, no ka laʻana, nā ʻāpana ʻōpala, ua ʻaʻahu ʻia i nā lālā.

I mea e pale ai i nā aniani mai ka hau, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā ʻeke palaka ma nā lālā a hoʻoponopono pono iā lākou

ʻO kahi pale maikaʻi e kūleʻa ai i ka hau, he hau maʻamau kēia, e hōʻalo ana i kahi lāʻau a iho i lalo o ke kumu o nā lālā sika. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi me nā mea ʻole e kālai ʻia, kahi e hoʻolei ʻia ai kahi hau.

No ka hoʻoilo, ua uhi nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi i kahi mea i ʻole ʻia e pale aku i ka nui

ʻO nā lāʻau iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki e pono ai ka pale ʻoki. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ia i ka pepa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka kaula. No ka pale ʻana i nā rodents, e hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻonaʻauao a i ʻole nā ​​lālā coniferous maʻamau, i hoʻopuni paʻa ai i ka ʻala a me ke kaula ʻana i ke kaula.

Ke pale aku nei i nā lālā kanu coniferous ʻaʻole wale e pale i ka ʻoki mai nā rodents, akā pale nō hoʻi i ka lāʻau mai nā puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi

Hiki i nā lālā ʻōpiopio ke uhi piha i nā lālā coniferous, nāna e pale aku i ka lāʻau mai ka hau.

Nā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha

ʻO nā pua kai kolamu, e like me nā lāʻau hua ʻē aʻe, e hōʻeha pinepine ʻia mai nā ʻano pōpoki. Hoʻemi kēia i kā lākou huahana a pākuʻi i ka ʻaina o ka hua.

ʻO ka pale koʻikoʻi o nā maʻi me ka pili ʻana i nā rula o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiai, no laila mālama pono ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe.

No ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi, ʻo ka lula, ke ʻihi a me ka ʻōpala o ka ʻōpala i hoʻopau ʻia i ʻeono mau manawa i ka manawa me kahi hopena o ka urea o nā ʻano like ʻole.

• i ka pūnāwai ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa e ulu ana, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi hopena urea o 100 g / 10 l o ka wai;
• ma nā lau ʻōpio, ma mua o ka pua - 75 g / 10 l o ka wai:
• i ka wā kanu - 50 g / 10 l o ka wai;
• papalua i ke kauwela - 50 g / 10 l;
• hoʻokahi i ka hāʻule, ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau - 100 g / 10 l o ka wai.

Hoʻomaka i ka pohō ʻana o ka mahina ʻai o ka māla i ka manawa e piʻi ai ka mahana ma luna o ka 5^{e pili ana}C.

Pēlā nō, no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi i ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā lau, ka pīpī ʻana me ka hopena o hoʻokahi pākēnē o ka hao kalate ka maikaʻi, ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau - ʻelima pakeneka.

Inā he maʻi ko ka lāʻau, pono ia e hoʻokumu i ke kumu a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana. ʻO nā maʻi nui o nā kolikola kolana, a me nā kaʻina e hakakā ai iā lākou i hōʻike ʻia i ka papaʻaina.

Lāʻau: ʻO nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki o nā pear kolola

ʻO ka hale kiʻi kiʻi: nā maʻi like ʻole a me nā pōpoki ma nā lau a me ka hua o kahi pā

I ka hapanui pinepine, loaʻa nā maʻi ʻehā koleka i ka pūnāwai. I mea e pale aku ai i nā pōpilikia, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ka māla - tabako, lemon balm, dill, marigolds. Hoʻopau lākou i kahi ʻala ikaika ikaika e hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka nui o nā pepeke.

Hōʻike nā māla

ʻO nā loiloi o nā māla e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau a, inā koa, kūlike loa nā pears. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine i nā loiloi maikaʻi ʻole, ka mea pili loa i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa nāu a me ka mālama kūpono ʻole.

Ke ulu nei wau i 12 pcs. kolonovidok, 1-2 o kēlā me kēia papa. Ua kūʻai ʻia nā mea a pau i ka hōʻike i nā makahiki mua. Pono ka ʻona i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma nā lāʻau ʻelua - nui aʻe. Akā ma mua o ka hua i loko o "3 mau pahu mai kahi lāʻau!" Auwe hoi! Akā ʻaʻole kēia ka manaʻo no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana iā ʻoe - e hoʻāʻo!

Igor V. Zaika

//forum.vinograd.info

ʻO ka mea hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo mai ka kolamu poli ... I ʻole makemake ʻo ia i ka humus, he ʻāina momona nui - momona wale lākou, hānai hua i kahi mau makahiki i hala ... A i ʻole ʻoe e hoʻohua i ka hua āpau. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai iā lākou. He nui nā lālā ʻaoʻao. Kāhea ʻia nā ʻano ʻehā. ʻO nā mea i ulu i ko mākou kūkulu hema - ma ke alanui waena e manuahi. He mau ʻano like ʻole. Ua ʻono nā mea a pau. Nui koʻu mau kolamu me nā lālā ʻaoʻao, ʻāwili. ʻO ke koena i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau. Hoʻohui nui loa - ma hope o 15 cm. ʻO kēlā pā. Pau nā hua. Hōʻike pinepine i ka bearer i ka makahiki mua.

Volodya

//forum.vinograd.info

Noʻu, kūpono nā kolamu. Eia wale nō inā he REAL kolamu a me ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana, a laila e hana nā mea āpau, ʻo ke kolamu he kaikamahine capricious, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ninini a lilo i kēlā a me nā mea a pau, ʻoi ke kumu. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hānai pono ʻole - ʻaʻole ia e hānau pū, akā naʻe he hua kihi ʻoe e loaʻa hou ai i ka makahiki mua! ʻ againlelo hou aku wau ʻaʻole wau e hoʻolaha ana no kekahi, akā ʻo ka pāpā ʻana he mea waiwai ʻole ...

Irina 029

//forum.vinograd.info

Ua ulu wau i 6 pears kolonovidki 5 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole wau e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻano like ʻole. ʻAno kaʻai ʻole: ʻaʻohe hua, ʻaʻohe ʻono. Pau loa ke ʻano o kēia hana mana. Manaʻo wau he pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā subtleties o ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiʻai, akā ʻo ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole ʻole a me ka hau i ka wā i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana - pehea e hana ai i kēia?

Oleg P.

//forum.vinograd.info

Inā ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi hua maoli o ka hua kolala, a ma muli o ka hana paʻakikī a me ka hahai ʻana i nā rula o ka ʻona ʻana i ka mahiʻai ʻana, kahi lāʻau kolamu nani a me nā hua ʻono ʻoluʻolu e ulu ma kāu pūnaewele.