ʻO ka hua'ōlelo kīnaʻale he mauʻano likeʻole. ʻO ka mea mua, ua kāheaʻia nā lāʻau, i loaʻa mau i nā pā hale aiʻole i nā alanui. ʻO kēia lio kinema he lāʻau ia mai kaʻohana Sapindov. He nui konaʻano a he mau mele i loko o ka pahu, akā ua hoʻohana nui ia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka lua, ua kāheaʻia nā waihona momona. No kaʻohana Beech lākou a hui pū i nāʻano he 10. ʻO ke kolu,ʻo ia ka mea i kapaʻiaʻo'Aniania. No kaʻohana legumes ia.
E noʻonoʻo i keʻano o nā pahu, nāʻano a me nāʻano.
ʻO kaʻAihue (Aésculus)
Wahi a kekahi o nāʻano, ua huaʻia ka inoa o ka lio kalina mai nā hua e like me keʻano o ka lio kekaikai i kaʻula a me ke kukui.
Ma lalo o nāʻano kūlohelohe, loaʻa i ka pahu huluhulu i ka hema o'Europa, ma ka'ākau o India, ma Asia Hikina, maʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻopiliʻo ia i kahi anuanu a me kahi hou, hoʻouka,'āina momona. Aia he 28 mauʻano o ka lio kālepa, 13 he mau mea maʻamau i Rusia a 15 i Europa,ʻAmelika, Iapana a me Kina. Hoʻomaka ka manawa hua o ka mea kanu i ka 15 o nā makahiki.
ʻO ke kumu lāʻau a hiki i 25 m, pili i ka deciduous. He nui nā lau, he 5-7 mau lau me nā petioles lōʻihi. ʻO nā pua he bele-ʻano, a hiki i ka 2 knm ke anawaena, i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o nāʻano nui ma keʻano o nā kohu pyramidal vertical. He nani loa ka paila umauma i ka uluʻana o Mei a me Iune.
Ma hope o ka pollination hōʻike i ka hua, hoʻopuniʻia e kahi pahu nila. Ma hope o ka hoʻouluʻana i nā pahu pahu hua. Piʻi mālie ka lāʻau a uaʻeha mai kahi moa mīkini mīkini. ʻO nāʻano a pau o nā momona e hoʻonaniʻia ana a he mau lālā maikaʻi o ka meli. ʻO ka meli'emele ka wai, mālamalama, keʻokeʻo, ke kani koke a me kaʻawaʻawa loa.
ʻO nāʻanoʻano a me keʻano o ke kumulāʻau e like me ka'ōpala, akā, heʻawaʻawa loa ia, no laila,ʻaʻole lākou eʻai e nā holoholona.
ʻO Wood, no konaʻoluʻolu a me kona kūlana haʻahaʻa honua,ʻaʻohe waiwai kūʻai.
Hoʻohanaʻia nā māhele a pau o ka mea kanu (koe naʻe ka pahu pahu paila) i kaʻoihanaʻoihana lāʻau. I loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohanaʻia ia no nā veins varicose i nā wāwae a no nā hemorrhoids, no ka maʻi maʻamau a me ka maʻi o ka maʻi.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua hoʻohanaʻia ma mua o ka hanaʻana i ka puluhi pila ma keʻano he mea lapalapa no ka'aihuhu, a me kahi mea hana no ka hanaʻana o ke kāhili paʻa.
ʻO nāʻano maʻamau o ka lio kālepa:- ʻO ka Kalinā Kalina Californian (Aesculus californica) he lāʻau ia i ka 10 m kiʻekiʻe, he mau lau me 5 mau kī. ʻO ka pua keʻokeʻo a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻa, i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i nā kumukūʻai a hiki i 20 knm, he meaʻalaʻono.
- ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻaʻole o ka lio (Aesculus flava) - ulu maʻAmelika Hema a kiʻekiʻe i 30 m.ʻO nā lālā o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻoʻeleʻele he 5-7 mau papa. He lāʻauʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha ka lāʻau. Kōleʻaʻo ia i nā hebedoma 2-3 ma mua o nā pua nani puaʻa. Hana i nāʻano lōʻihi.
- ʻAʻole i kapa kapaʻole ka lio (Aesculus glabra) - he lāʻau e ulu nei ma ka hikina hikina o ka USA, he kiʻekiʻe kona a hiki i 25 m a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kukuna a hiki i ka 0.6 m ka mea i hōʻikeʻia e ka nani o ka lei aliʻi, ka lau a me nā hua.
- ʻO ka lio Kalānelani (Aesculus indica) - he lāʻau e ulu ana ma Northern India, hiki i ka 20 m. Ua pua aku me nā pua keʻokeʻo me nā wahi uliuli a me kaʻulaʻula. Haʻalele me nā'āpana'ōwili. ʻO nā hua'ōmaʻomaʻo.
- ʻO ka lio i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (Aesculus parviflora) - ulu i nā moku hikina hema oʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa a hana i kahi mea kanu a hiki i 5 m ka lōʻihi. Aia ka lau i 5-7 leaflets, uaʻike ka hina i grayish. He keʻokeʻo nā pua pua me nā'alaʻulaʻeleʻele.
- ʻAʻole kaʻulaʻula o ka lio (Aesculus pavia) - e ulu ana maʻAmelika Hema a kiʻekiʻe i ka 12 m.ʻO nā lau me 5 mau lau, kahi haʻahaʻa i lalo. He'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo,ʻaʻole pono ka hua.
- ʻO ka hulu kepani Japanese (Aesculus turbinata) - ulu i Iapana, e like me ka kenetona maʻamau, akā, me nā lau pepa lōʻihi. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau i 30 m, o nā pua he uliuli keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
- ʻO ka palaoa i ka palaoast (Aesculus × carnea) - ulu i loko oʻEulopa,ʻAmelika Hema, Crimea. ʻO ka lāʻau a hiki i ka 25 m me nā puaʻulaʻula a me nā lau uliuli uliuli. ʻO nā hua e like me keʻano o keʻano, he popo.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ma Geneva, he ku una ku i ke kukalaʻana i ke kauwela ma ka pukaʻana o ka lau mua i kahi pahu panana ma lalo o ka puka o ke aupuni. I ka makahiki 2006, ua hoʻolahaʻia ke kumukūmaʻelua - ma Malaki aʻOkakopa, mai ka lāʻau me ka manaʻoʻole i ka hopena.
'Oiʻa ka'iliane kalina (Castánea)
ʻO kaʻohana Beech family he lāʻau mana e hoʻolālā i ka mahana mahana mahana a ulu i ka Mediterranean, ma ke kahakaiʻo Atlantic o USA, ma'Esena Hikina. No loko o nā lāʻauʻulu a hiki i 50 m kiʻekiʻe a mau lāʻau liʻiliʻi paha.
Hiki i nā lālā ke maʻalahi, āpau,ʻaʻohe pōkole, he 6-25 ka lōʻihi. Ua hōʻiliʻiliʻia ka puaʻa ma nā'enehu nui 5-15 cm ka lōʻihi.
He mea nui! He lāʻau like me ka lāʻau'oneka, no laila ua hoʻohanaʻia e hana i nāʻele e waiho nei i ka waina a me ka mīkini. Hoʻohanaʻia i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lako hana.
Aia nā huaʻaina me nā'ōpalā a me nā protein, no laila ua hoʻohanaʻia lākou i kaʻoihana meaʻai.
Kelekia gorodchaty (Castanea crenata)
Ma keʻano, he mea maʻalahi ia ma Iapana, Kina, Kolea, a ua loaʻa ma Western Europe a meʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ke kumu lāʻau he 15 m ka loa a hiki i ka 1.5 m ke anawaena. E hoʻokae i ka lepo a me ka ea maʻemaʻe, akā hiki ke pale i nā huluhulu a hiki i 25 mau kiona. Hiki koke a hua i ka hua no 2-4 mau makahiki. He lāʻau lōʻihi ko ka lāʻau he 8-16 cm ka lōʻihi a he 3-3.5 cm ka laulā, ma nā petioles 10-12 mm. Mai luna mai he lūlū a'ālohilohi, a mai lalo iho ka manaʻo. Hoʻohuiʻia nā hua iʻekolu mau'āpana,ʻo ke anawaena he 2-3 cm. Aia kēiaʻano i 100 mau mea kanu i pili i ka hua nui loa ma waena o nā umauma. ʻO nā hua e hiki i ka 6 knm ke anawaena a hiki i 80 g i ke kaumaha. 
ʻAlaʻAmelika (Castanea dentata)
ʻO kekahi inoa - kaʻaeʻa. Ma keʻano, maʻamau maʻAmelika Hema. Ke ulu nei ia i loko o nā nahele coniferous-deciduous ma luna o nā kuahiwi. ʻO ka lāʻau a hiki i ka 35 m ka kiʻekiʻe a ma ke kekonaʻo ke kahawa a hiki i 1.5 m nā mea kanu oʻoleʻa, no ka mea, hiki ke kūpono i nāʻilikai a hiki i ka 27 a me ke kiʻekiʻe o kaʻilikai. ʻO ka piʻiʻana o ka 0.5-1 m o ka makahiki.
He lāʻau lōʻihi ko ka lāʻau (12-24 cm), 4.5-5.5 hm ka laulā.ʻO ko lākouʻano like me ka niho nunui ma ka liʻiliʻi, keʻano'ōmaʻomaʻo-'ōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻopiliʻia ka puaʻa i nā pepeiao lōʻihi a hiki i ka 20 knm, ma ke kumu o nā pua pua. Hoʻohuiʻia nā hua i nā'āpanaʻelua. 1-2.5ʻelima ke anawaena. I kēia manawa,ʻaʻole i lōʻihi ka nui o ka lanakila ma 80-90 o ka XIX mau haneli. Palohia Endonia parasitica, laweʻia mai Kina. I ka makahiki 80, oki ka lāʻau e ulu ana a koiʻia kahi hale lohi. 
ʻO nāʻano lāʻau a me ka hua'alaina e hoʻohana nuiʻia e nā kānaka. Ke hoʻohana nuiʻia ka papa no ke kīnā. Hoʻohālikelikeʻia nā kālai o kēiaʻano e ka momona o ka hua. He 6% o ka wai i kahi maloʻo, 10% o ka protein, 8% o ka momona, 73% o nā huaʻalea, 2% o ka lehu a, i ka meaʻono,ʻoi aʻe ia i nā hua o kaʻaʻa.
Henry Kalakaua (Castanea henryi)
Ma keʻano, i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma nā wahi waena a me ke komohana o Kina. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau he 25-30 m.ʻO nā lau heʻano iʻa, 9-22 cm ka lōʻihi, 5-6 cm ka laulā, i kauʻia ma nā petioles a hiki i ka 1.5 knm ka lōʻihi a loaʻa i ka'ōmaʻomaʻu-lahilahi. Ua hoʻopuniʻia ka hua e kahi ply i ke anawaena a hiki i 2 knm me nā kola i hoʻokuʻuʻia a loaʻa i loko o kēlā me kēia'āleʻa.
Pākē Kina (Castanea mollissima)
ʻO kēiaʻano ua kapaʻiaʻo ka chestnut softest. I keʻano, maʻamau i Kina, Korea a me Vietnam. 'Ōlelo pinepineʻia ma nā mauna oʻAmelika Hema e haku ana i nā ululāʻau liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaka ka uluʻana me ka 5-8 mau makahiki.
Hala ka lāʻau i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 20 m a he kalaunu nui kona. ʻO ka lau elliptical, 8-22 cm ka lōʻihi, 5-7 cm ka laulā, kauʻia ma nā petioles 7-8 mm ka lōʻihi a heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele uliuli mai luna mai a me ka mālamalama mai lalo nei. ʻO ka lau, he popo pua. Ua hoʻopuniʻia ka hua e kekahi ply me ke anawaena o 5-6 cm me nā'āpana māmā māmā. ʻO ka huahelu o nā hua he 2-3, a hiki i ka 3 knm ke anawaena. Hoʻohanaʻia nā lāʻau a me nā huaʻai, iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nāʻanoʻano o nā kīʻaha i nā meaʻono.
ʻO ka mahiʻana i ka palaoa huluhulu momona ka mea i make ai ka momona. Ua hoʻokomoʻia kahi pāʻina haukale e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka pahu kālepa, a he ikaika nui ka lāʻau i kēia pūʻali.
ʻO ka pua nani (Castanea pumila)
Ma keʻano, he mea maʻalahi ia maʻAmelika Hema. I Ke Komohana Komohana, e pili ana i nāʻano hoʻonaninau mai ka makahiki 1699. ʻO ke kumu lāʻau a hiki i kahi 15 m ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi lepo lepo maloʻo a he mea kūpaʻa. He puka āpau āpau ka lau, he'ōmaʻomaʻu-'ōmaʻomaʻo ma luna a he hale keʻokeʻo ma lalo, i hoʻonohoʻia ma nā petioles a hiki i ka 1 knm ka lōʻihi. Ua hoʻopuniʻia ka hua e kekahi hua manu like me ke anawaena o 4 cm me nā lahilahi he nui. ʻO nā hua me ke anawaena o 1 cm, ka mea maʻamau i ka nui o nā wahi 1-2. ʻikeʻia he hopena o ka piʻoʻana i ka'ōpū ma hope o ka uluʻana. 
Kulu pahu (Castanea sativa)
Ma keʻano, ua māheleʻia i ka 'Ākau Hema a me Asia Minor. Hoʻolālāʻo ia i kahiʻano kai anuanu a mahana. Hoʻouluʻo ia ma ke kuahiwi o nā kuahiwi, e ulu ana i nā ululāʻau, i hui pūʻia me ka lole, ka hīmeni a me ke kani. Piʻi koke ka lāʻau, e ulu ana i nāʻanoʻano a me nā wana, hoʻomaka e hua i ka 20 makahiki. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēiaʻano he pūnaewele paʻa ikaika e paʻa pono i ka lei aliʻi. ʻO ka hope o ke ola he 100-150 makahiki, akā,ʻikeʻia nā lāʻau o ka 1000 makahiki.
ʻO kahi lāʻau a hiki i 35 m ka loa a hiki i ka 1 m ke anawaena o ke kumu heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. He āpau ka lau, 10-28 knm ka lōʻihi, 5-9 cm ka laulā, manaʻoʻia i lalo, a laumania i luna a loaʻa i ka palena o ke kau. Hoʻopiliʻia ka pua puana i nāʻanoʻeleʻele me nā pua wahine. Hiki ke'ālaʻai i ka mahinaʻo Iune-Iulai, a hanaʻia ka pollination e ka pi a me nā'ēheu'ē aʻe a me ka makani. ʻO nā hua e like ana me 17-20 g i hoʻopuniʻia e ka pussly pussy. Hoʻouluʻia a hoʻolahaʻana i nā hua i kaʻOkakopa-Nowemapa. ʻO kaʻilima hua ma ke kumu ulu kahi 100-200 kg. 
Hoʻopiliʻia nā kuʻi i loko o ka palaoa,ʻaiʻia i ka palaoa, kaʻaila, ka mea kanu, ka maloʻo, ka mea puhi, a hoʻohanaʻia i ka kuke. He mea waiwai nui ke kumulāʻau. He ikaika, mālamalama, nani a lōʻihi. Aia nā māhele a pau o kēia kumu lāʻau i nā kānana, a no laila ke lawelawe nei he mau meaʻoihana no ka hanaʻana o nā tannins. Ma muli o ka mea i loko o nā lau o ka hua kanu Kami a me nā kānana ua hoʻohanaʻia lākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka holoʻana i loko. Ua hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Bark a me ka plyus e hoʻohanaʻia me he lole.
Kelekia Segou (Castanea seguinii)
I keʻano, aia i ka hikina a me ka waena o Kina. Ke ulu neiʻo ia ma nā mauna a paleʻole ia i nā hamo pathogenic e hoʻopunipuni i ka umauma.
ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau a hiki i 10 m.ʻO nā lau he āpau o kaʻeleʻele, 6-16 ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, maʻemaʻe mai lalo mai. Hoʻopuniʻia ka hua e kekahi kui kui ply me ke anawaena he 3-4 knm. He liʻiliʻi nā hua, a hiki i ka 1.5 knm ke anawaena,ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i kaʻoni.
Kelepona Kūlana
ʻO nāʻanoʻano o nāʻano o keʻano o ka wai o loko e like me:
- ʻO Castanea fleetii - heʻano o ka kenetona a hoʻonaniʻia;
- Paʻaʻoleʻo Castanea - he'ōpena o ka kinekena, a me ke kīpī;
- Castanea ozarkensis.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka lāʻau wīnut nui loa a keu loa i ka honua, i kākauʻia ma ka Guinness Book of Records, e ulu ana ma ka moku Italiaʻo Sicily, 8 km mai ka lua o ka lua pele o Etna. Kapaʻiaʻo ia ka lāʻau o kahi tausani lio. ʻO nā makahiki o kahi lāʻau kahi i hoʻolālāʻia i nā makahiki 2 a 4,000. Aiaʻo Cederica he mau kīlā, akā hoʻokahi wale nō aʻa, a he 57.9 m ka'ōpuni o ke kumu.
'AlanaʻAmelika (Castanospermum austrále)
I keʻano, ulu ia i ka 'ākau hikina o' Ālika. He 15-30 m ka lōʻihi o kēia ulu lāʻau me kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. ʻO nā lau he'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo uliuli, he oval-shaped, 30-45 cm ka lōʻihi, i hanaʻia mai nā lau liʻiliʻi he 15 knm ka lōʻihi a 6-7 cm ka laulā.
Kūpulu ka mea kanu me nā pua'alaʻula-alani, i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o kahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele 3-4 knm ka lōʻihi, a wiliʻia e nā manu. ʻO ka wāʻauʻau mai Mei aʻAukake. Ma hope o ka pollination, eʻikeʻia ka hua i keʻano he 10-10 cm ka lōʻihi a he 4-6 cm ke anawaena, a māheleʻia i 3-5 mau'āpana. ʻO nā hua i loko o keʻano momona e like me nāʻanoʻano o ka paila.
Hoʻohanaʻia ka mea kanu i mea nani a ulu nuiʻia i loko. Wahi a nā hōʻailona o waho, he like ka lāʻau wolina. ʻO nā hua me nā saponini, no laila, he lāʻau make, akā, hoʻohanaʻia i ka meaʻai i ka wā e hamo a me kaʻeliʻana i ka wai.
He mea nui! E pili anaʻo Kikene i nā hua liʻiliʻi-calorie loa e loaʻa ana i ka huaʻopa C (100 g chestnut = 170 kcal).
Ma muli o ka noʻonoʻoʻana i keʻano o ka pīnele, hiki iā mākou ke'ōlelo aku ua hōʻoia kēia inoa i nā mea kanu i loaʻa i ka hua. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i nāʻohana likeʻole, he meaʻai a me ka hikiʻole ke hele, akā,ʻo ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia o lākou no ke kanaka e maopopo mau ana.
