ʻO ke kīpē o nā hua waina he pilikia koʻikoʻi no nā māla. Hoʻopilikia lākou i nā ʻāpana a pau o nā lāʻau. Me ka pohō koʻikoʻi, hoʻonāukiuki nā mea hihiu i ka mea kanu, no kēia mea, ulu nā ʻano like ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka make o ka moʻomeheu. No ka mālama i ka hua, pono ʻoe e ʻike he aha nā parasit i kahi hoʻoweliweli nui loa, pehea e pale ai i ko lākou helehelena a pehea lā e luku ai.
Phyloxera
Me ka papa inoa lahilahi nui, hana lākou i nā zona kuʻuna, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke luku aku i nā ʻāpana ʻāina. Aia kahi inoa lua - grape aphid, no ka mea like a me ka like ole
ʻO nā ʻano ola a pau o phylloxera he mea hoʻoweliweli i ka moʻomeheu: larvae (strollers), nymphs, winged and flight flight pakeke.
He pilikia ka ʻike ʻana i nā aphids mākaʻi ma luna o ka lāʻau me ka maka hema.
ʻO ka ʻōlima melemele translucent a i ʻole nā māka pīpaʻomaʻo he nui o ka 1-2.5 mm.
Aia kekahi 2 huakaʻi:
- Launu - pākani pāpaʻi me kahi papa proboscis, hānai i ka wai wai. Ma muli o ka hūnā kūikawā i ka wai wai o nā lolo, ka deformed ka greens, nā galls (ke hu a a me nā tubercles) ʻike ʻia ma luna ona, kahi i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lauoho. Noho nā Vagabonds i loko o kēia mau ʻano, huli i nā pākeke, waiho i nā hua a make. Hoʻokomo ʻo nā lolo hou i nā lau kokoke. Ke kali nei kēia ʻano phylloxera i ka hoʻoilo ma nā pōpō a i nā lima kāʻeiwa kūlohelohe i ka wā o ka hua manu.
- Hoʻokomo - pili i ka ʻōnaehana haʻahaʻa. E nawaliwali ana, hu, maʻi, a me nā maʻi i loaʻa iā ia. Hoʻopau nā aʻa ʻoki i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, make ka lāʻau i kēlā manawa.
He paʻakikī nā pepeke e hoʻopau, akā hiki nō. Aia ke kaua me lākou:
- Ma kahi hohonu, ʻoki i nā aʻa a luna.
- Hoʻopili ma mua o ka pae ʻāina: Bi-58, Karbofos, Fufanon. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua kanu i loko o kahi hopena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a laila 24 mau hola i mālama ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke aila.
- Ka wikiwiki o Fastak, Actellik (2 mau manawa i ka manawa ulu). Hana ʻia ka manipulation mua me ka wehe o nā keiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lau 2-3. Ma Iulai, hana hou ʻia ke ʻano.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻolālā i hōʻike ʻia ma ka annotation i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hoʻokomo ka pūlima me ka makani, ka wai, ma nā holoholona a me nā manu, ma o nā mea kīhāpai, me nā hua kanu.
ʻLelo
Nui nā ʻano ʻano kuhi e pili ana i ka lāʻau hua, ka wehewehe.
- Nā māla spider - he pepeke arthropod o kahi kala melemele-grassy, 0.4-0.6 mm i ka nui. Hoʻomohala ka hana i nā mahana ma luna o + 15 °, ʻaʻole e hāʻule i nā lā he nui. He hebedoma ma hope iho, e hoʻomaka ana e luku i nā greens. Ua aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike i nā mites spider. ʻO ka lanakila o nā lāʻau e hoʻoholo ʻia e kahi pani keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo a me nā wahi alohilohi ma luna o ka māla lau. E malo nā papa, make ka lāʻau.
- Kāne - 0.2 mm. ʻO nā wahi hūlū, i uhi ʻia me ka lepa-keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, e kau i ka hana ʻula. Ke lilo i ka brown, palū. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i kahi lag i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pua, greenery, ʻoki pua, antennae. Pau koke ka make ʻana o nā hua waina. Hoʻomaka ka zoot ma nā hua lāʻau a me nā lāʻau lāʻau pili.
- ʻO ka lau niu - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 0.15 mm. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoulu nui i nā ʻōpū, kahi e hele ai i ka ʻino. Hōwaliwali nā wana a nāwaliwali e hele mai iā lākou, ʻoiai i kuhi ʻia i nā hopena o ka hau. Ma muli o ka hōʻino, ua lilo a lauwili nā lau, ʻike ʻia e ʻoki ʻia lākou e kahi ʻāpana.
ʻO ka mea e mālama ʻia ai, nā ala maikaʻi loa:
- Ma mua o ka puhi ʻana o nā pūpū, e mālama ʻia me ka 5% lime-sulfur solution e like me ka annotation.
- Inā loaʻa nā hōʻailona, e pīpī i nā lau o Bi-58, Actellik, Neoron, Omayt. E hoʻomaʻi pinepine ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻana a ʻekolu paha me kahi kekona o 1.5-2 mau pule.
- ʻO ka ulu holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻolei i nā lāʻau me kahi hopena o 2% o Fozalon a me Karate.
No ka pale aku, weed out, hoʻopau i nā ʻū kanu i ka hāʻule a me nā mea kanu maʻi maʻi.
Lāʻau
Ua hoʻopiʻi ka hua waina i 3 mau ʻano o kēia pōpoki:
Kūpono hua waina - kahi pehilika me nā lehelehe o 2-3 cm, he leo melemele i paʻa me ke kele keleawe, 2 beveled, aneane ʻalani ʻōwili. Ke hoʻololi nei nā anuana i kahi kala mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ke kala. Hoʻomaka lākou e ola i ka manawa o ka huehue o ka kidney, eʻai mua iā lākou, a laila neʻe i ke koena. ʻO ka wela maoli ka ʻenemi.
Ike makahiki ʻelua - 12-15 mm lōʻihi. ʻO nā ʻēheu he lemon lemon a me ka mania trapezoid brown. He poʻo ʻeleʻele nā mea ʻo nā kukuna, hoʻololi ke kino i ke kino mai ka palupalu mauʻu a i ʻulaʻula. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pua a me nā pua, a laila e hāʻawi i nā hua. Hiki i kēia ʻano launa ke hoʻopau i ka 80% o ka hua ma ke kauwela.
ʻO Grozdeva - nā ʻēheu o kahi mele brownish-ʻoliva me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻulaʻula. Ma kahi laulā a hiki i ka 1-1.3 cm. He mau māka ʻaila nā mea kanu, gluttonous, neʻe wikiwiki i ka holo. ʻAi i nā ʻāpana a pau o nā lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka pūnaewele pākiki.
Hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hua waina mai kēia mau huaʻa.
- Kālekahi. Hoʻomaka nā lāʻau i nā manawa 4 i ka wā ulu. ʻO ka emulsion no ka pīpī ʻana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hapa o 0.6-2 l / ha. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi (ladybugs, wasps, etc.).
- Kūlehu. Kuhi ʻia ia ma ka neʻe o 10% a me 25%. Nā Kūlana: 0.7-0.9 l / ha (10%) a me 0.26-0.4 l / ha (25%). Hoʻohana ʻia 3 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia.
- Ekometina. Kahe hana: 1.5-2 l / ha. No ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia iā 5 mau manawa, ʻo 40 mau lā ma hope o 40 mau lā ma mua o ka make ʻana o nā hua.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā o ka pua.
ʻOhiʻona ʻona
He kinohi manu nocturnal kēia mai ka ʻohana lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau. ʻO nā hau manuahi a hōʻuluʻulu hina nui a i nā ʻēheu he 6.5-9 cm. Nui a lākou i nā ʻāpana a me nā kīwaha. E kali ana nā kōmika i ka hoʻoilo i nā neʻe i hana ʻia ma nā wana o ka makahiki. I loko pūnāwai, komo lākou i ka ulu lāʻau, hōʻino ia. Ma kēia mau wahi e make ai ka huaʻa, nā wai me ka hoakehi ʻana o nā pōpoki ma waho o nā lua. I ka Mei, ua pupule nā pepeke; mau makahiki o ka palupulu i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka o Iune. Hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i 800 mau huaʻehā. He uliuli-ʻulaʻula ʻia nā hua kanu me kahi mea ʻono.
E like me ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana o nā mea ʻinoʻino, pono nā ʻano hana.
- ka mālamaʻana i ka hōʻino i ka cortex e ka māla var;
- pani ana i nā pōpō mai ke ʻano o ka pālolo me ka leminin casein (200 g no kēlā me kēia pā), Karbofosa (90 g no 10 l);
- ka ʻoki ʻana o nā pōpō ma o ka emulsion Protection a i ʻole ka ʻona wai ma mua o ka hoʻoilo;
- ka manawa wili o nā lālā i hoʻopau ʻia a maloʻo, hoʻopau i ka ʻili.
Inā ʻaʻole i kū mai ka pūpū ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, e kōkua nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kū pū me ia:
- Bitoxibacillin (60 g no 10 lita o ka wai);
- Lepidocide (25 g no kēlā peʻe);
- Fitoverm (20 ml no 10 l).
I mea e kōkua ai i ka luku ʻana i nā nāhelehe, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe mai i loko o ka māla o nā ʻenemi manu maoli.
He Mele Piaka
He hōʻai ʻōlelo nunui nui kēia me ka elytra o ka pale o ka marmer, a hiki i ka 7-8 cm lōʻihi.ʻO nā palahalaha kahi hohonu i ka ʻāina no ka hoʻoilo.
Ma hope o ke hoʻomainu a me ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ka hau ma luna, ala lākou a ʻai i ka rhizome. Hoʻohālike lākou iā ia me ke kino keʻokeʻo a me ke poʻo ʻeleʻele, ikaika ikaika i nā ʻalā. ʻO 2 wale nō ke hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka māla āpau o nā hua waina i loko o ka manawa.
E hoʻemi i ka nui o nā pīpī, pono e ʻohi lākou iā ia ma ka lima. E like me ka ʻoihana kūʻai i kūʻai ʻia, ua hōʻoia maikaʻi nā mākaukau iā lākou iho: Thunder-2, Bazudin, Diazinon.
Mealybug
Inā nānā ka lālani hua waina a pue mai kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna, a laila he kiʻi ʻia kēia e ka mealybug. I ka wā e nalowale ʻia ana, e maloʻo ana nā lau a me nā bunches, pau i ka hōʻike.
I ka wā e kū pono ai, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻili kahiko a hoʻopau ʻia. I ka nui ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōlohelohe nui, e kōkua nā huaʻōlelo iā ʻoe: Actara, Actellik, Golden Spark, Confidor. E hoʻomaka ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka hoʻomaka o Mei, i ka wā e kau ai nā wī wahine i kā lākou hua.
E hakakā i nā popo i nā mea lawe i kēia pōpilikia. No ka laʻana, hoʻopiha i ka anthill me ka wai hoʻolapalapa.
I ka hopena, makemake wau e hoʻohui i hiki i nā hua waina ke hoʻopi i nā whiteflies, cicadas, akā emi iki aʻe ma mua o nā maʻi o kahi inoa. Nā huahana biological a Aktar, Akarin, Spark kōkua e hoʻokūkū me lākou.
Me nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, nā snails a i ʻole slugs paha e hele mai. E kōkua i ka hōʻiliʻili a me ke kō ʻana i ka paʻakai.
He mea kūpono hoʻi ke haʻi aku i nā wasps a me nā manu, kahi a ka pua ʻana i nā hua waina, he mea kōkua, nā pollinators, a inā puka mai nā huaʻai, he pōpilikia pōpilikia. No ke kūleʻa i nā wasps, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pahele i ʻole nā manu i hele i nā māla a hoʻohana i kahi ʻupena.
ʻO kekahi mau pōpoki me kahi helu nui e hiki ke hoʻopau i kahi nui o nā hua. No laila, ʻo ka pale ʻana, ke nānā ʻana i ka manawa a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea ʻino maikaʻi he mea nui loa.
