Kūlana nā mea hoʻolaha o kēia wai hanohano i keʻano o kaʻono, ka momona a me ka momona o ka waina e pili ana i keʻano waina.
Ke hele neiʻoe i kahi waina e'ānai ai, hiki iāʻoe keʻike i keʻano o nā meaʻono a me nā pōmaikaʻi o ka wainaʻulaʻula a iʻole keʻokeʻo.
Ma kēiaʻatikala, e ho'āʻo mākou e noʻonoʻo i nāʻano waina waina i kaulana loa o kēiaʻano moʻomeheu, i mea e lawe mai ai i ka waina i ka hopena i manaʻoʻia.
"Chardonnay" - nāʻano nui no ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā waina uila
ʻO wai ka meaʻikeʻole i kēiaʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo? ʻO kona mele mele mele kiʻekiʻeʻo Chardonnav ke kumu o kona mele mai Burgundy a me Champagne. A hoʻomanaʻo kokeʻia ke kiʻi "D, artanyan, a me nā meaʻekolu". ʻO nā waina mai "Chardonnay" he waiwai i nā kula kiʻekiʻe a me nā kula nui, iʻikeʻia i ka manawa o ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka wai.
Ke hilinaʻi nei i kaʻenehana o ka hoʻomākaukauʻana, hiki i ke kukui, me ka meaʻala o nā hua keʻokeʻo, nā hume o ka citrus a me nā pua, a me ka waiwai, sugary, me ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka meli a me nā mea hanaʻono.
'Ōlelo nā meaʻona waina i kēia mau kumu waina he maikaʻi loa ia i nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka waina, no ka mea ʻikeʻia nā hua i ko lākou kū'ēʻana i nāʻano likeʻole. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i kekahi mea inuʻino mai kēiaʻano.
ʻO ka kanuʻana i nā kōlaina mai ka hoʻomakaʻana i ka puna aiʻole i ke kau. ʻO ke kumu nui i ka punawai he mahana mahana maikaʻi ia o ka honua a me ka mahana wela mahana maikaʻi, a ma ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana - i ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā huluhu, i hiki ai i ke kanu kanu ke hoʻololi maikaʻi i nāʻano o waho.
I keʻano o ka'ōʻana Hiki iā Chardonnay ke heluʻia i nā mākelā mua, 130 wale nō 150 mau lā ma lalo o CAT 2800 C - 3200 C.
Kūmau ka waina i ka waena o Kepakemapa. No laila, no ka kanuʻana,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kohoʻana i nā'āina me ka manawa ulu ulu a me ka ua nui i ke kau, akā, e hoʻopōʻinoʻia ka waina e nā huluwai punahele hoʻi.
Ke hoʻolāʻihi i ka uluʻana, ma nā wahi'ē aʻe, Hoʻopiliʻia ke kumuwaina ma hope o ka'ōhūʻana o nā puʻupaʻaʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokomo i kekahi pilikia ma ka nahele a no nā lā he 14 ke ho'ēmi nei i ka hana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka pūpū.
ʻO Chardonnay e pili ana i kaʻano o nāʻano waina. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o nā hua liʻiliʻi e pili ana i 3g, aʻo ka mīkini maʻamau o ka pūpū he 180g. ʻO ka helu o nā māla hua nui ma ka nahele he 52%.
ʻO nā waina mai Chardonnay he nui nā meaʻono a me nā meaʻono. Ma muli o keʻano o ka hoʻomākaukauʻana, eʻikeʻoe i nā memo o ka meli, vanilla, pua keʻokeʻo, marzipan, pear, mango, pineapple a me ka honeysuckle. Hāʻawiʻia i ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻonaniʻana o ka waina i nā hulu o ka puala a me nā hua maloʻo.
I ka wā eʻoki ai i ka waina i loko o nāʻalaʻele - ma ka hopena uaʻikeʻia nā manaʻo o ka pata, no ka hoʻololiʻana o ka'aleka malic i loko o ka haʻuki, a me ka meaʻala. ʻO nāʻala kala he mea nui ia no ka hanaʻana i kēiaʻano waina.
ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana o ka mea inu e pili ana i kahi o ka uluʻana o kaʻoka, kona mau makahiki a me konaʻano, a me kona kiʻekiʻe o kaʻaila. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi houʻana i kaʻona o ka waina, ua hoʻohuiʻia nā'āpanaʻeleʻele i ka wort no ka fermentation.
Ua makaukau nā waina i kāʻaʻia e hoʻopau kokeʻia, akāʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke kū i kahi no 5 mau makahiki, akā,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 30.
ʻO ka waina iʻeleʻele i loko o ke aniani, e kōkuaʻia e ka meaʻala o nā meaʻono, nā kūmole a me nā meaʻala.
No ka mea e pono ana kēiaʻano ulu maikaʻi i ka lepo, pono pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahi likeʻole ma mua o kēlā me kēia ululāʻau no ke kanuʻana i mea e pono ai ka waina e wehe i ka hikina o ka lā mai nāʻaoʻao a pauʻole a hoʻouluʻia e nā lāʻau i kanuʻia.
No ke kohoʻana i kahi pae hoʻoulu'āina, ka lepo, ka limaika a me nā'āinaʻoluʻolu. Ke kanuʻana i loko o nā wahi wela nui,ʻo nā waina mai Chardonnayʻaʻohe pilikia a me ka palahalaha, a i ka wā e paʻa ai nā hua i ke anuanu, e hōʻikeʻia ka wai i ka waiʻona kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o Frost. Hiki i nā māla waina ke pale i nā mahana ma lalo o -20 ° C. No laila, ma nā wahi'ākau o ka uluʻana, pono e mālamaʻia kēia mau hua waina no ka hoʻoilo, a ma ke kūkulu hema, kahi hauʻoli maikaʻi no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO kēiaʻano likeʻole ka mea i maʻalahi i nā kūlana, akā, heʻano kānana e pili ana i ka hoʻohuiʻiaʻana o ka lepo. Inā maikaʻiʻo ia i kaʻai,ʻaʻole ia eʻoi aku ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka maikaʻi o ka hua waina.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino,ʻo Chardonnay he mea maʻalahi loa ia i ka mildew, ka'ā'ī hina, ka lapalapa a me ka oidium, kahi e mālama mau ai i ka waina. Hiki ke hōʻinoʻia e ka pōʻino. Ua maikaʻi nā'ōpuʻu o ke kumu ulu. ʻO ke kumu o ke kumu waina e hana nuiʻia i ka shtambovo, me ka lako nui o nā wana pua. Hoʻomākaukauʻia ke kīpī ma nā'ōponaʻehā.
ʻO ka hua waina "Bianca" ("Bianco")
ʻO Hongry kahiʻano waina. ʻO ka lakio o ke kōpaʻa a me ka waikawa ma loko o ka wai ua lawa maikaʻi no kaʻike kumuhana - 28-7%. ʻO kēia ka mea e hana ai ka maikaʻi Bianca kūikawā no ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā waina keʻokeʻo, mai ka meaʻaʻa momona a maloʻo me ka inu waiʻona nui.
Eia hou, hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Bianca e hoʻomākaukau i ka waiʻona a me ka vodka.
Ma ka hema o Rusia, Ukraine a me Belarus, ua hoʻomaka hiki ke kanu i Bianca mai ka hopena o Malaki. ʻO ke kumu nui, ua wela ka lepo i +8 ° C, aʻo ka awelika o ka mahana wela o ka lā a hiki i +10 ° C. Ma waena o ke ala waena,ʻo ka manawa kūpono no ke kanuʻana ma waena oʻApelila -ʻo ka hapalua mua o Mei.
Ke kanuʻia i ke kauwela, pono e mālama ponoʻia ke aniau o ka'āina. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loaʻoʻOkakopa, i ka manawa i pau ai ka waina i ka'ōpala,ʻaʻole i maloʻo ka lepo aʻaʻole mamao loa ka hau mua.
Ma ka wā o ka hānauʻana Bianca keʻano likeʻole. Ma Kuban, hiki iāʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili iʻAukake.
ʻO kaʻanoʻo Bianca nui ka hua o ka hua aʻoi loa. Me kahi'ōpena liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi,ʻo ka momona ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa a me 83% o nā wana hua. Me ka lōʻihi o ka mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu, ua hoʻemiʻia ka hua e 2 manawa.
Pulp ʻO Bianchiʻo ia maikaʻi aʻoluʻolu. ʻO nā kīʻaha o ka waina ua maʻa like a piha,ʻano'ē aʻe ma kahi o ka uluʻana a hiki ke loaʻa nā memo mai ka puaʻa, ka exotic i ka meli me ka'ōmole momona.
Ke kanuʻia nā lāʻau Bianchi e hiki ke hoʻokomo ponoʻia. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu he 0.5-0.7m ia, a ma waena o nā laina 1.5-2m. I kēia kūʻana,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanuʻana i nā'āpana me ka weheʻana i kahi kīʻaha. ʻO iaʻano ulu lāʻau ikaika e hua maikaʻi i nā makahiki he 10-12.
Nā mea e pono ai. ʻO Bianca maikaʻi nā kūpilikiʻi. Hiki i ke kumu waina ke kū i luna i - 27 C, kahi i maʻalahi ai ka mālamaʻana i nā hua waina i ka wā o ke kauwela. Hiki ke mālama ponoʻia ka ukana o nā maka (e pili ana i 3 mau maka i ka manawa o ka hoʻoukaʻana). He kūpono kēia kūpono i ka nui o nā maʻi fungal, a no laila ke koi aku nei i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi.
"Regent" - ka waina maikaʻi loa
ʻO nāʻano kūikawā o Germany, kahi i hānaiʻia ai i ka makahiki 1967. ʻIke i kaʻeleʻele a me kaʻulaʻula o nā hua a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi. I Kelemānia, hanaʻia nā waina waina mai kēia hua waina. He ikaika ka ikaika o ka waina. ʻOiʻia ka heluʻana a hiki i ka 300g, ka'ōwili a me ka medium.
ʻAʻohe pane paneʻole i ka nīnau inā makemakeʻo ia e kanu i nā hua waina. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke kanuʻana i ka punawai, kahi lā lōʻihi ia e hoʻoikaika ai i nā hua'ōlelo, keʻole inā i loaʻa i ka pala a pala.
Hoʻonuiʻia nā lā kanu mai waena o Malaki a hiki i ke kauwela, ma muli o ke aniau o ka'āina. I ka hoʻouluʻana i ke kau, ua nui loa ka wā e ulu ana,ʻo ka pilikia o ka mālamaʻana i nā lālā i hoʻomākaukauʻia a hiki i ka wā e hoʻopauʻia ai ka puna. Akā, he mea pono e hana i nā mea i pono ai e mālama i kekahi kumu waina no ka hoʻoilo.
Ma muli o keʻano oʻoʻokoʻa, no nāʻano likeʻole (e pili ana i 135-140 mau lā).
Nā hua kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka helu o nā'ōlā hua nui ma kaʻohi a hiki i ka 80%, aʻo ka helu o nā hua i kēlā me kēia puʻupuʻu he 1.4.
ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana i nā hua o Regent e like me nā mea ulu. Mai ia lākou ka waina o ka papa kiʻekiʻe loa. Ua kau ka poʻe Germans ma kahi kiʻekiʻe me Pinot Noir. Ma muli o ka nui o nā kānana i loko o ka wai inu, ua waiwai nui nā waina waina Regent.
Pink - kaulana no ka meaʻala o nā hualemona a me nā hua o ke kauwela, a me kaʻeleʻele o kaʻeleʻeleʻulaʻula a me ka nui o ka inu. Ma muli o nā makahiki o kaʻelemakule,ʻaʻole pono ka maikaʻi o kēia waina.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa i ka kanuʻana i nā hua waina Lunalike no. Akā, akā, he mea pono e noʻonoʻo i kahi kokoke o kahi o ka wai wai ma ka pūnaewele a, inā pono, e waiho i kahi wai maikaʻi i lalo o ka luawai pae.
ʻO ke koho maikaʻi loa ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka paeʻana i ka palena, aiʻole ma kahi pali. No laila, e hoʻomālamalamaʻia nā huawaina e ka lā o ka lā. Inā hikiʻole kēia, e aho ka uluʻana i kahi kumu waina kokoke i ka paia.
No laila, e loaʻa ana ka wela o ka pīlaʻi mai ka pōhaku wela. Hiki i ka hanaʻana i kahi laʻau keʻae i ka nui o nā mea kani. ʻO ka ukana ma luna o ke kumu waina e hiki mai ke kula a hiki i ka nui.
He kūpono kēia kūʻona i ka hau a pale i nā mahana hoʻolālā o -27 ° C,ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai ke uhi hou i ka hāʻule.
He kūpono maikaʻi i ka mildew, ka hina hina, oidium, phylloxera. Aia nā māla waina kahi i ulu ai Regent me ka loaʻaʻole o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā mea hōʻeha a me nā maʻi, e hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i kahi huahana'ōlohelohe.
He mea maikaʻi nō hoʻi e heluhelu e pili ana i nāʻano maikaʻi o nā huaʻeto mālapi.
"Pinot Noir" - kekahi o nāʻano kahiko loa
ʻO kona'āina hānau, e like me Chardonnay,ʻo Burgundy. Heʻuʻuku nā hui liʻiliʻi, mai 7 a 12 knm ka loa, a mai 5 a 8cm ka laulā, o keʻano o ka conic cylindrical or cylindrical.
ʻOi nāʻanoʻano he 15mm ke anawaena,'āuliuliʻeleʻele me ka puaʻana. He lahilahi kaʻili, akā lōʻihi loa. He meaʻono ke kino,ʻoluʻolu a palupalu. ʻAʻohe meaʻono ka wai. ʻO ka meaʻono he palupalu a kūlike.
ʻO kahiʻano kūikawā o keʻano Pinot Noir keʻano o kona mau lau - uaʻikeʻia lākou e ka wrinkle liʻiliʻi a me kaʻokiʻoki ākea ākea.
ʻO ka manawa o ke kanuʻana i kēiaʻano likeʻole,ʻaʻole ia e like me nāʻano'ē aʻe. Hiki i nā hua wainaʻo Pinot Noir 'āina like me ka wai puna (Malaki 15 - Mei 15), pēlā i ka hāʻule (hopena o Kepakemapa - hoʻomaka o Nowemapa).
ʻO kēiaʻano kīwaina heʻano hopena. ʻO ka manawaʻohiʻohi e pili ana i ka 5 a me ka hapalua mahina me SAT 3000 C. E hiki mai ke kūlanaʻike o kēia mau waina i ka hopena o Kepakemapa.
Piʻi nuiʻo Pinot Noir i ka paeʻana. Inā ulu ka māla waina i ka wela wela, e wikiwiki loa ka pūpū,ʻaʻole eʻae i ka'āpana e ulu.
E hāʻawi Pinot black ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe - ma 55 55 wale nō. Akā, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi a mālama, hiki i ka 103 c / ha. ʻO ka helu o nā lālā hua nui ma ka nāhelehele mai 60 a 90%. ʻO ka helu o nā hua i ka pua hua pua e like paha 1.6, a me ka piʻiʻana o ka pana - 0.9.
ʻO kēiaʻano kīwaina e hana i nā keʻokeʻo nani, rosé a wainaʻulaʻula - pāʻani a me nā meaʻulaʻula, me ka mālamalama a me nā mea momona,'āpona a me nā meaʻono. He mea hikiʻole i kekahi mea inu waina keʻike mua i keʻano o ka mea inu o ka inu, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe mea kūponoʻole kēiaʻano.
I nā makahiki pōlele, ua kapaʻia nā waina waina Pinot Noir i kapaʻia, me ka maʻa a me ka meaʻono. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā waina maikaʻi loa me kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa, no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maoli i nā meaʻono.
No ke kohoʻana i ka manawa, pono pono e noʻonoʻo i ka huliau o ka'āina a me ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu. I ka wā o ka kanuʻana o ka ulu, ma hope o ka hopena o nā wā i'ōleloʻia, e ulu ana nā mea ulu a me nā mea i loaʻa ma hope o ka uluʻana. Eia kekahi, i ka wā i kanuʻia ai i loko o ka lepo waiʻu, hiki i ka hua waina ke make.
Pinot black hoʻopiʻi i ka maikaʻiʻole i ka palahalaha a me ka haʻahaʻaNo laila, no ka waihoʻana i ka māla waina, he mea pono e koho i nā ala haʻahaʻa me nā lepo mehameha me nāʻano lepo māmā.
ʻO keʻano o kēiaʻanoʻano waina ka mea palekana i ka meli a me ka oidium, aʻoi aku ka nui o ka mūmū hina a me kahi mūlū leo. Me ka hoʻokahuliʻana o nā pakiaka o ka phylloxera, make kaʻona waina no 6-8 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanuʻana, no laila, pono e mālamaʻia kēia māla waina no nā maʻi a me nā meaʻeha.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kū'ē i ka hau (hiki iā ia ke kū'ē i -20 ° C), akā, inā he mau huluwai puna ikaika, hiki i ka pōʻino nui ke hiki. I kēiaʻano, e ulu ana nā'ōpuʻu mai nā pani hakahaka. Mālama kēia hiʻohiʻona iāʻoe e hoʻihoʻi i ka hopena i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ke hoʻokipa i nā lālā waina i 2-3 mau peepholes.
"Saperavi" - heʻano kahiko e like me keʻano o Georgia
ʻO Berries Saperavi ka nui a me ka nui,ʻalohi uliuli me ka ulu mai hina. He lahilahi kaʻili, aʻo ke kino, he māmā mālie. ʻO ka wana wana maikaʻi. ʻO nā ulu ulu ma luna o ka average. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka puluʻeleʻele 150g. Loaʻa iā ia keʻano o keʻano palaka, ke kīnā, a me ka laka.
ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele nui o kaʻaila Heʻawaʻawaʻawa a me kahi meaʻokoʻaʻoleno laila, makemake i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi.
No kaʻike ponoʻana i nā kūlana o kēiaʻano likeʻole i ka wā e kanuʻia ai i nā wahi mahana, i ka wā hiki ke kanuʻia e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hopena o Malaki, ai ka hāʻule - hiki ke kanuʻia mai Sepatemaba a Nowemapa.
Ke huli nei i nāʻano lōʻihino ka mea, he 5 mahina ka uluʻana. ʻO ka manawa mai ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka'ō'ō i ka piha piha o nā hua ma lalo o ke kūlana CAT o 3000 C he 150 mau lā.
ʻO ka hua o Sapera, he 80-100 c / ha.
ʻO ka wai mua i loko o ka nui o nā meaʻaila, i mālama pinepineʻia i loko o ka pāpaʻa a me kaʻelemakule, e hōʻawa ai i ka waina. Me ka lōʻihi lōʻihi mai ka 5 a 30 mau makahiki, e hoʻonui ai ka maikaʻi o ka waina. Ke hoʻomaka nei eʻike ka meaʻono, kaʻala o ka liʻona a me nā hua maloʻo.
No ka meaʻo Saperavi ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka hiki ke ulu i nā'āina likeʻole. Akā,ʻaʻole ia iʻae i ka'ōlohelohe a me nā wahi me ka lepo, saline a iʻole nā'āina i kūʻole. ʻAʻole iʻae i ka paeʻana o ka'āina.
ʻO ka ikaika o ka waina mai Saperavi ma luna o kahi o ka uluʻana. Hiki wale nō i ka piʻi mahana ke hiki i nā hua waina ke loaʻa mai ke kō. Inā kanuʻia kēiaʻano i loko o nā wahi maloʻo, a laila he mea pono e hoʻohana ia i ka huiʻana e hāʻawi i ka waina i ka malu a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka'aleʻa me nāʻano likeʻole.
He maikaʻiʻo Sapera kūpaʻa i ka oidium, a he kūʻokoʻa kūpono i nā maʻi maʻi'ē aʻe, no laila, koi aku i kahi ola hoʻomalu'ē aʻe. ʻO ia ma ka wā o ka ua nui i ka maʻi me ka poli hina. Ma keʻano o ka hoʻoikaika i ka hau,ʻo ia ka alakaʻi ma waena o nāʻano iʻa o kaʻEu oʻEulopa,ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka mālama.
