Nā mea hoʻolālāʻaila e like me ka nui o nā meaʻai. Hiki paha keʻano o ka huiʻana o nā mea kanu manaila aʻokoʻa, a ma muli o ka meaʻai i makemakeʻia i māheleʻia a paʻakikī a maʻalahi.
He mea nui! Pono e hoʻohanaʻia nā meaʻai i nā mea liʻiliʻi,ʻoiai e nānā ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā meaʻai ma ka lepo. I kēia hihia,ʻaʻole e hōʻeha i kā lākou mele mele.
I kēia lā, hoʻolaha nāʻenehana i nā manila koleke o nāʻano penei:
- ka wai,
- maloo
- ʻikeʻole,
- nui.
Inā kohoʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pono a mālama i nā kūpono pololei,ʻaʻole hiki iāʻoe ke hānai i nā mea kanu wale nō, akā e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia i loaʻa i ko lākou uluʻana.
Nā mea hoʻolālāʻaila
Nui nā māla a me nā mālaʻai eʻike i nā mea kanu momona. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele ka pūnaewele o nāʻano meaʻole, nā meaola e pono ai no nā mea kanu. ʻO nā mea hoʻopihapiha a me nā mea hoʻomohanaʻana e kōkua i ka loaʻaʻana o ka momona lepo a ulu i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi. Loaʻa i kahi'ailalaʻaila piha loa,ʻo ia hoʻiʻekolu mau mea kanu pono'ī no nā mea kanu -ʻo ia ka nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Akā, he mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā meaʻaila melaki me ke akahai, akā me ka meaʻoihana (me ka heluʻana i ka heluʻana no ka noi), hiki ke hana i ka pōʻino o ka honua a me nā mea kanu. No laila, e nānā pono kākou i nāʻano o nā mea kanu o ka mineral, ko lākou mauʻano a me nāʻano, aʻike pū i ka pehea e hoʻohana pono ai ia mau mea.
Nāʻano o nā meaʻaila
E like me kā mākou iʻike mua ai, ua māheleʻia nā māla manaila ma: nitrogen, potash a phosphate. Loaʻa kēia ma keʻano o kēia mau meaʻekolu ke alakaʻi nei i ka papaʻai meaʻai a pili i ka uluʻana a me ka uluʻana o nā mea kanu. Nitrogen, phosphorus a me ka pālolo pāpaʻa ka kumu,ʻo ia ka mea i hanaʻia ai nā meaʻaila mineral. Ua manaʻoʻia lākou he kumu no ka uluʻana o ka honua kanu, aʻo ko lākou nele e hiki ai i ka ulu waleʻana i ka uluʻole ma ka uluʻana.
Nitrogen
I ka pūnāwai, hiki i ka loaʻaʻole o ka meaʻai ma ka lepo. Hōʻikeʻia kēia ma keʻano o ka emiʻana o nā mea kanu a pau paha i ka uluʻana. Hiki keʻikeʻia kēia pilikia ma ka pale foliage, nā lālā liʻiliʻi a me nā lālā palupalu. ʻO nā kinato, nā'alala, nā laulola a me nā'ōʻaha e hana i ka hanaʻole o ka meaʻai ma ka lepo. ʻO nā mea kanu momona kaulana loa heʻaʻai a me ka Urea. ʻO kēia hui e komo ana: calsium sulfur, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, azokok, ammophos, nitroammophoska a me diammonium phosphate. He mau hopena likeʻole ko lākou no ka moʻomeheu a me ka lepo. Hoʻopilikiaʻia ka Urea ma ka lepo, ka nitrate - he hopena maikaʻi no ka uluʻana o beets, amonia - ma ka uluʻana o nā kukama,'oʻiki, letus and cauliflower.
Keʻike neiʻoe? I ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka nitrate ammonium, e pono eʻike i kāna mea pahū. No laila,ʻaʻole i kūʻaiʻia aku i nā kānaka no ka paleʻana i nā pōʻino.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻoʻia ka meaʻoi loa o nā meaʻaila momona a pau. Ke nui ka nui o nā mea kanu, hōʻiliʻili nā mea kanu i ko lākou mau kino i ka nui o nā nitrates. Akā inā hoʻohuiʻoe i nā meaʻai a me nā mea maʻamau, e pili ana i ka hanaʻana o ka lepo, ka meaʻai i hānaiʻia a me kaʻano o ka mea momona, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻokō i nā meaʻoi aʻe. Eia kekahi,ʻaʻole ponoʻoe e hana i kēia mau mea ulu i ka hāʻule, no ka mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka ua ma mua o ka kanuʻana i ka wai. Ka nui o ka momona (urea): nā huaʻonui -5-12 g / m² (me ka hoʻopili pololeiʻana i nā mea kanu manaila), nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau -10-20 g / m², nā'ōmato a me nā beets -20 g / m².
Phosphoric
ʻO nā mea kanu momona he mea kanu mea kanu ka mea i loaʻa he 20% o ka anhydride phosphoric i loko o kona hoʻokomo. Hoʻohālikelikeʻiaʻo Superphosphate kekahi o nā mea momona maikaʻi loa no nāʻanoʻano lepo a pau e pono ai kēia māhele. Pono e hanaʻia e like me ke kāʻei ma luna ma ke kaʻina o ka uluʻana a me ka uluʻana o nā mea kanu me ka māʻona o nā mea i loko o ka lepo.
Keʻike neiʻoe? I nā manawa pinepine, nā māla a me nā mālaʻai e hoʻohana i nā superphosphateʻelua ma kahi eʻoi aku ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka meaʻoi. ʻAʻole ia CaSO4 ponoʻole i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā superphosphate māmā aʻoi aku kaʻoihana waiwai.
ʻO kekahiʻano o ka meaʻaila mineral i loko o kēia māheleʻo ka palaoa phosphoric. Hoʻohanaʻia ia ma nā'āina waikawa no nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai. Kōkua ka Flour i ka hakakāʻana i nā mea hōʻemi a me nā maʻi ma muli o ka nui o ka launaʻole o ka ulu. ʻO nā'ōnaehana noiʻi Fertilizer: superphosphate 0.5 keneta no kēlā me kēia hectare, 3.5 keneta no hoʻokahi 1 hectare.
ʻO Potash
E noi i nā meaʻaila kolepale ma ka hāʻuleʻana,ʻoiai eʻeli. He kūpono kūpono kēia meaʻai no nā mea kanu,ʻo nā beets a me nā kīʻaha a pau. ʻO ka potassium sulfate a me ka sulfate sulfate ka mea kūpono no ka hānaiʻana i nā mea kanu i pauʻole i ka pālolo. ʻAʻole i loko o nāʻanoʻinoʻole e like me ka chlorine, ka sodium a me ka magnesium. Kūpono no nā meloni, i ka manawa o ka hua.
ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai kahiʻelua mau mālūlā -KCl + NaCl. Hoʻohanaʻia ka'āpana ma nā hanana pāʻani nui. Hanaʻia ia i ka punawai o nāʻano o nāʻano mea kanu he 20 g i lalo o ka ulu lāʻau. I ka wā maʻamau, ua hoʻolahaʻia ka mea kau ma luna o ka lepo ma mua o ka mahiʻana i 150-200 g / m². Fertilization rates: ka pailaha pāloloʻia 20-25 g i ka 1ʻumi; ka pāpona sulfate -25-30 g / m²
Kū'ē
ʻO nā mea kanu momona ka mea'alakai nui e komo ana i nā'āpana'alemona pono'ī i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma o ke kaʻina hana o ka pilina maʻamau o nā mea hoʻomaka, me ka hopena e hiki ke hoʻopapiliʻia (nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphate, nitrogen-potassium) a me ke ternary (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium). E like me keʻano hana hana, uaʻikeʻia lākou: he mau maniʻona mineral complex, paʻakikī a'āhuiʻia a ua hui pūʻia.
- ʻO Ammophos he phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer kahi e loaʻa ai ka nitrogen a me ka phosphorus (12:52). Hoʻomaopopo ponoʻia kēia'enela mineral e nā mea kanu, kahi kūpono no nā'ōlaʻa a me nā mea kanu ulu lāʻau.
- ʻO ka diammof-phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer i loko o ka 20% nitrogen a me 51% o ka meaʻike. Hiki ke maʻalahi i ka wai aʻaʻole i loko o nā mea i hanaʻia e ka mea nui.
- ʻO Azofoska kahi mea kanu momona maikaʻi loa i loko o ka nitrogen, phosphorus a me ka pālolo. Hāʻawi i nā hua kiʻekiʻe,ʻaʻoleʻawaʻawa a hiki ke mālamaʻia no kahi lōʻihi.
- ʻO kaʻaila Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium pālolo kahi mea momona ma granules. Hoʻohanaʻia ia no nā mea kanu a pau, no ka mea, ua maʻalahi ka meaʻai i nā mea kanu. Pono e like me kahi mea maʻamau i ka wā eʻeliʻana i ka puna.
Nui nā'āpana agro e hoʻohana pono i nā mea maniʻona mineral fertilizers e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi loa.
Pāleʻa paʻa
ʻO nā fertilizers paʻamau he mau mea like me nitrophobia a me nitrophobia. Loaʻa iā lākou ma ka hanaʻana i ka phosphorite a iʻole ka sāpatitis. Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā pauku i makemakeʻia, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka nitrophosphate carbonate a me ka phosphoric nitrophosphate. Hoʻohanaʻia lākou e like me ka mea nui ma mua o ka lūlūʻana, ma nā lālani a me nā lua i ka wā e lūlū ai, kahi i hoʻohana pinepineʻia e like me ke kapa pale. ʻO kā Carhoemopopopo-mea hoʻomoʻonaʻia i loko o ka nitrogen i loko o ka amide a me nā ammonia. Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Kristalin a me nā mea pale no ka'āina pale. ʻO kēia kahi mea kanu momona crystalline, maikaʻi i ka wai. ʻO ka lālā momona maʻamau -N: P: K - 20:16:10. Hoʻohanaʻia nā keʻena i'āwiliʻia i loko o nāʻoihana mahiʻai nui kahi e pono ai ke uhiʻia nā wahi nui ma mua o ke kanuʻana i nā mea kanu.
Nā Microfertilizers
ʻO nā meaʻeleʻele o nā Microfertilizers a me nāʻenehana e piha ana i nā'eneka i loko o kahiʻano e hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea kanu. I ka manawa pinepine, e hiki ke loaa keia mau mea ma ke ano o: na mea maniu wai kola, na tiole, ka lepo. No ka hoʻohana kūpono, hanaʻia nā micronutrient maniua ma keʻano o nāʻano me nā microelements. Loaʻa iā lākou ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa i ka mea kanu i kanuʻia, e pale aku i nā meaʻeha a me nā maʻi, a hoʻonui i ka hua.
ʻO nā pūkiki kaulana loa:
- "Ke hoʻohana nei" Master "i mea kanu'enela no nā pua. Loaʻa: Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe.
- "Kūponoʻo Sizam" i ka uluʻana i ka kāpena. Hōʻiliʻili nuiʻia ka pale a pale i nā mea hōʻemi.
- "Oracle" no ka hānaiʻana i nā mea kanu berry, pua nani a me nā lawn. Loaʻa i ka waiididididovovuyu, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ka holoʻana o ka wai i loko o nā kinipuni.
Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻohanaʻia nā micronutrient fertilizers i kahi kaʻawale, e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo pololei i keʻano. Ma kēiaʻano, e loaʻa i nā mea kanu nā meaʻai e pono ai, me kaʻole o nā mea hou a me nā mea hana'ē aʻe.
Ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā meaʻaila maniʻaila, nā'ōlelo kōkua nui
Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia ka hoʻohanaʻiaʻana o nā meaʻaila mineral ma nā hihia nuiʻelua:ʻoiai ka mea nui (no kaʻeliʻana i ka lepo) a me ke kaupale kau mahana. ʻO kēlā me kēia koho he mau nuances pono'ī nō ia, akā, aia nō kekahi mau kumuhana i hikiʻole ke hōʻinoʻia.
Nā rula palekana:
- mai hoʻohana i nā'ōpala no ke kukeʻana i mea e hoʻopau ai i ka maniʻi.
- nā mea hoʻolāʻau hale kūʻai, maikaʻi loa, ma ka hōʻailona hermetic;
- Ma mua koke o ka hoʻohanaʻana, ma hope o ka mālamaʻana i ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki ke kūpono kahi mea hoʻokomoʻiaʻana o ka mea hoʻohui waiwai, no laila e pono ke hele ma kahi o ka sieve o 3-5 mm ke anawaena.
- i ka wā e hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka lepo no kahi hua kūpono, ponoʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iāʻoe iho i nā koi a me nā'ōlelo a ka mea hana, no ka nui o ka nui o nā meaʻaila mineral ma ka lepo e hiki ai i nā hopenaʻino;
- E aho e hoʻohana i keʻano o ka huliʻana i ka hanaʻenehana o ka lepo ma muli o nā hopena e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i ka meaʻai kūpono i ka mea i makemakeʻia
- pono e mālamaʻia e mālama pono i ka hanaʻana o ka mineral fertilizing no nā mea kanu, i hanaʻia i loko o ka lepo,ʻaʻole i pā i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo;
- hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia ka uluʻana o ka lepo ma o nā meaʻaila'ēheu'ē aʻe;
- inā hoʻohanaʻia nā mea hoʻonomi lāʻau mineral me nā mea hoʻolāʻau pa'ūpiha, e hoʻemiʻia ke kumu o ka mua;
- ʻO ka meaʻoi loa ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kanu momona.
No laila,ʻo ka hoʻohana kūponoʻana i nā meaʻaila mineral a me ka mālamaʻana i nā kaʻina hana palekana e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo me nā kumu kūpono e pono ai ka uluʻana a me ka uluʻana o nā mea kanu.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi a hoʻopilikiaʻia mai ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea maniʻili manaila ma ka māla
Hiki i nā'āpana momona ke kōkua i ka hoʻopiha i ka lepo me nā mea nui a hoʻonui i ka hua o ka mālaʻai a me ka mālaʻai. ʻO nā pākuʻiʻana i nā mea kanu he kolake e kōkua i ka mālamaʻana i nā mea ulu i ka wā e ulu ana a me ka huaʻana. Akā naʻe, mai hoʻopoina e pili ana i ka hopena o nā mea'enela maʻemaʻe,ʻoi aʻe i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ponoʻole aʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana.
He mea nui! Ināʻaʻoleʻoe e hoʻokō i ka palena palena manawa a me nā kūlana i'ōleloʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kanu manaila, hikiʻole i nā'eneʻena ke hōʻiliʻiliʻaʻole ma ka lepo wale nō naʻe i nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka lāʻau makeʻino i ka wā eʻai ana i ka hua.
I kēia lā,ʻo ka nui o nā mea kanu agro-hoʻohana e hoʻohana i nā meaʻaila mineral i hui pūʻia me ka lāʻau. Hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā nitrates a ho'ēmi i ka hopena maikaʻiʻole. Ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe nei, makemake wau e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā mau mea a pau i kēia mau meaʻaila kohu, me nā mea a pau a me nā kānana, hoʻohanaʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hua o nā mea ulu. No laila, e uku pono aku i ka pololei o nā meleʻana a mai hanaʻinoʻole iā lākou no nā hana kūlike.
