Ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana o ka mea kanu a meaʻai paha i kāna huaʻai, e kūponoʻo ia e hālāwai i kekahi mau manawa leʻaleʻa, kekahi o ia mau meaʻehaʻeha e makemake ai e pāʻina i nā mea kanu maikaʻi a me kaʻai maikaʻi. No ka paleʻana i kāu hua mai nā meaʻeha'ē aʻe, hiki i kā lākou mau hua a me nā'ūhā ke kōkua me nā lāʻau lapaʻau - he mau meaʻoihana kūikawā kēia e hoʻopōʻino ai i nā'ulakiʻino a me kā lākou mau keiki. ʻO nā meaʻawaʻawa he hapa o nā'ōpala, nā hopenaʻino i ka heluna o kekahi mau meaʻeha, ma muli o ka mea hana nui.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Hoʻomaka ka hoʻohanaʻiaʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e nā poʻe kahiko i ka wā i hoʻokumuʻia ai ka mahiʻai.E hoʻohiolo i nā meaʻai herbicides - Nā mea kanu i komo i loko o nā lau a me nā aʻa, e puhi ana i ka mea mai loko mai.
Hoʻomākaukauʻia nā papa hana a me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻokoʻaʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻohui mele, ma keʻano o ka komoʻana i loko o ka'ōpū o ka pīpī, ma keʻano o ka hopena a ma kāna kumu koke. E nānā i nā mea kiko'ī e pili ana i ka lāʻau olakino no kēlā me kēiaʻano a me nā meaʻokoʻa hoʻi.
Nāʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ka hana mele
Hoʻopukaʻia nā meaola pāpīpika e ka pilina o nā mea lāʻau paʻakikī, he lāʻauʻawaʻawa, he lāʻauʻawaʻawa i nā'okena, e komo ana i loko o nā kīpoki cuticle, a ma o ka pūnaha hoʻomeheu i ka manawa e hānaiʻia ai ka pest e nā mea kanu i mālamaʻia me nā lāʻau lapalapa. ʻO nāʻanoʻano likeʻole o nā pūnaewele hoʻohuiʻia he organochlorine, organophosphate a me pyrethroids. E noho kāua ma kēlā me kēiaʻano i nā kiko kiko'ī.
Alohaloa
Hiki ke loaʻa nā hui pūʻia (HOS) ma ka chlorination o nā hydrocarbons wai. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka hakakāʻana me nā maʻi he nui: nā huapalapala, nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanuʻoihana, a me nā mea'āwīwī i nā lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau. Hoʻokuʻu puka - nā paona a me kaʻaila emulsions, nāʻano maʻamau - DDT, HCBD, DDD, HCCH, heptachlor, PCP, PCC a me aldrin. HOS hikiʻole ke hoʻololiʻia i ka wai, ka meaʻono i ka momona a me kaʻaila, he kiʻekiʻe ko lākou kiʻekiʻe. HOS, komo i loko o ke kino o ka pīpī, hoʻopili i ka'ōpiopio pūnaewele, nā poho, loaʻa ka maʻi pale. Hoʻomaʻi ka maʻi make i loko o 7 mau lā.
ʻO nā'ōpoki'okena o Organochlorine he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lukuʻana o nāʻano maʻi he nui, akā, loaʻa i kahi hoʻihoʻi nui - he lāʻauʻawaʻawa ia, e hōʻino ana i nā kānaka a me ka honua. I kēia manawa, makemakeʻia kēiaʻano o nā lāʻau lapalapa e paniʻia me kahiʻoihana palekana, a laila paleʻia ia mai ka'āpana lāʻau.
ʻO Organophosphate
ʻO nā pūpona Organophosphorus (FOS) he mau esters acetic phosphoric, a uaʻikeʻia e nā hopena koho i nāʻupena. ʻO ka hoʻolakoʻana i nā'ōnoho kōpiko o organophosphate ma Fufanon, Dichlorvos, Karbofos, Fozalon. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka FOS ko lākou pono i ka lukuʻiaʻana o nā maʻi he nui,ʻo ia hoʻi nā hapa, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, nā mea liʻiliʻi, nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hopena o ke kino, iʻole e hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha i ka hopena. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o nā meaʻona no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, i ka wā e hana ai me FOS, pono loa ka mālama pono i nā kulekele palekana, a me ka pukaʻana mai o nā hanaunaʻino o nā meaʻeha me ka hoʻohana mau no ka manawa lōʻihi.
He mea nui! Pono e mālama i nā mea kanu'ōpiopio, kahi e like me kahi kūpono o ka hopena.
ʻO Pyrethroids
ʻO Pyrethroids he mau meaʻoi loa o ka pyrethrum mea maoli,ʻo kāna hana e pili ana i ka hoʻopōʻinoʻana i ka'ōpiopio o nā mea lapuwale a me ka hoʻohaunaeleʻana i ke kaheʻana o nā pulupena nerve. ʻO nā pyrethroids kaulana loaʻo iaʻo "Fastak", "Decis", "Fas", "Arrivo", "Cotrin". ʻO nā mea pōmaikaʻi,ʻo: ke kohoʻana i ka'awaʻahaʻole e pili ana i ke koko wela, e like me ke kanaka, ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mahana mehana a me ka hoʻomau lōʻihi o ke lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o nā mea kanu. Nā mea kūponoʻole o pyrethroids - mai hoʻopau i nā mea huna i hūnāʻia ma nā wahi mehameha, aʻo ka hoʻohana lōʻihi e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā'īlio.
He mea nui! Pono e hanaʻia me nā hana pāʻokoʻa i loko o kahi pāpale wili, nā mīkina lima a me ke kapa komo.
Pehea e mahele ai i nā'ōpala ma keʻano o ka komoʻana i loko o ke kino
Ma keʻano o ka komoʻana i loko o ke kino o nā meaʻokoʻa'ōpiopio e māheleʻia i loko o ka'ōpū, ka hulina a me ke kamepiula. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻohui i ke ala o ka komoʻana e hoʻolei i nā'ōpū.
Hoʻokaʻaʻike
Hoʻokaʻawale i nā insecticides hiki ke komo i loko o ke kino o ka lāʻau pīpī i ka manawa o ke kino o ka pīkoi i waho me kahi lāʻau, kahi e pili ana i kahi lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau make. Hoʻomaopopo nā papa hana hoʻohālike no ka hebedoma, e pīpī i ka holoiʻana i ka mea hana, a hiki ke hana wikiwiki i kāna hana. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi ka hopena pepehi wikiwikiʻana ma hope o ka pulupuluʻana i ka mea pāpīpī. Nā pilikia o kēiaʻano lāʻau lapaʻau:ʻaʻohe hopena i nā'ōmole e waiho nei i nā'ōpiopio a me nā'ōpiopio, aʻaʻole mālama ponoʻia nāʻano o nā mea kanu mai nā'ōpala, no laila, pono pono ke'ōwili i nā mea ulu honua a pau. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kaulanaʻo "Apollo", "Karate" a me "'Oberon".
Ke kai waena
He lāʻau kūikawā ka'ōlohelohe o ka'ōpū: e komo i loko o ka'ōpala o ka'ōpala, e hoʻopuka i ka mea i loko, e wikiwiki ka make. He kūpono i nā meaʻeha eʻaihue i nā mea kanu i mālamaʻia. Ma ka waena o nā mea kanu, nā meaʻawaʻawa-intestinal e kaulana -ʻo ia ka hopena o kaʻoihana ahupuaʻa o ka hana i hanaʻia i kahi ohe - ma kaʻili i ka wā e hoʻopili ai i kahi kanu kanu, a hoʻopukaʻia hoʻi ma kaʻaiʻana i nā meaʻeha o ka mea kanu i komo i kahi meaʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka hemahema,ʻo ia ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi o ka mālamaʻana i nā mahi kanu. I ka manawa pinepine i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ka hakakāʻana i nā meaʻeha, he mau kikowaena hoʻohui-intestinal like Akarin, Bankol, Detsis, Konfidor a me Calypso.
Pūnaewele
ʻO ke kikowaena o nā hana maʻamau ka mea e hiki ai ke komo wikiwiki i loko o ka pūnaewele o nā mea kanu i mālamaʻia a neʻe i kēlā me kēia wahi. ʻO kēiaʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i nā'okena, e alakaʻi i ka hana nui ma nā mea kanu, a me nā kānaka e hānai ana i kahi kanu kanu, e luku ana iā lākou. ʻO ka maikaʻi nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau - pono kūʻokoʻa o ka pīpīʻana, no ka mea mālamaʻia ka meaʻona i loko o ka mea kanu ma keʻano pūnaewele,ʻaʻole ma luna o kaʻili. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻauʻoihana i kaulana loaʻo Biotlin, Mospilan a me Prestige.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka hōʻole pihaʻana i nā lāʻau lapalapa e hoʻemiʻia ka hua i ka 20-35%, ke hoʻohālike i ka kiʻekiʻe o 95% me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā meaʻeha.
ʻO ke kauʻana o nā lāʻauʻawaʻawa ma keʻano
Wahi a keʻano o ka hana, ua hoʻohuiʻia nā'ōpala i nā mea hoʻomākaukau no ke koho a hoʻomau pinepineʻole.
Hana hana
ʻO nā'ōnaehana o ka hana mau he mau mea hana maʻalahi ia no ka paioʻana i nāʻano likeʻole o nā meaʻeha likeʻole. ʻO kēiaʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohanaʻia no ka luku likeʻana o nā mea likeʻole.
Ke koho koho
Ke hoʻohanaʻia nei nā hana maʻamau i mea pale i nā meaʻoi aku. ʻO kēiaʻano me nā anthelmintics - nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopau ai i nā ilopili parasitic, nematocides - e hoʻohiolo i nā paleworms, nā'ākicicides, ka mea e hōʻoki ai i nā huapalapala, a me nā insectoacaricides e pono ai i nā paipū a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
He mea nui! ʻAʻole i'ōleloʻia ka hanaʻana i nā'ōnaehana e pili kokoke i kahi'āpana a me nā mea puaʻa.
Pehea e māhele ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hana hana
No kaʻoluʻolu o nā mea mahiʻai a me nā meaʻai mahiʻai, ua hoʻomohalaʻia nā lālā o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma ko lākou hopena hana - uaʻano like lākou ma ka hoʻolālā me keʻano o ka hopena ma ke kino o ka'ōpū. ʻO nāʻano nui o nā lāʻauʻonaʻoihana he mea makemake, he pheromones, he insectoacaricides, he'ōpae, he hemahema a me nā mea hōʻailona.
Nā Attractants a me nā pheromones
ʻO nā meaʻaeʻa a me nā pheromones nā lāʻau lapaʻau e'ākau ai i nā meaʻeha me ko lākou ala i nā maʻi maʻamau. ʻO kēiaʻano o ka lāʻau olakino ka mea e hiki ai i ka luku nui o nā'īkoi ma hope o ka hopuʻiaʻana. ʻO ka huapona nā huahana o nā mea e'ākau ai i kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hiki i nā meaʻaeʻa ke hoʻohuli i nā meaʻaiʻai o ka'ōpū, kahi eʻimi ai i ka meaʻala e hāʻule i loko o kaʻupena. Hiki i nā mea hoʻolimalima maikaʻi ke lure i ka pua nui o nā'ōpū lele lele.
Insectoacaricides
He mau meaʻenehana a me nā meaola olapiliʻepekema i hanaʻia e pepehi i nā'okena a me nā mitesʻino. ʻO ka mea hanaʻino i ka lāʻau, i ka wā e hōʻike ai i kahi mea pale, hoʻopiʻiʻia, a ma hope iho ua make ka'ōwele. He hopena koʻikoʻi -ʻo ka uluʻana o nā meaʻona i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka he hopena maikaʻiʻole nō ia ma ka pūnaewele pūpū.
'Ovicides
Hiki i nā ovicides ke hana i ka hopena i nā hua o nā meaʻeha likeʻole,ʻo ia kekahi o nā kaupae paʻa loa o ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka pipi a me ka mite. Hoʻomoʻaʻia nā meaʻawaʻawa i ka pūpū o ka hua a luku i ka'ōpoki'ōpū. ʻO kēiaʻano o ka lāʻau lapalapaʻaʻole ia he mea make no nā hanana'ē aʻe o ka uluʻana i ka'ōpū a me ke ola.
Aphistides
ʻO Atives nā meaʻenehana e luku ai i ka poʻe aphid. ʻO kēiaʻano o ka lāʻau olakino he lāʻau kino, kūkā a me ka hopena pūnaewele i nā aphids a me kekahi mau meaʻai'ē aʻe. ʻO ka'ōpū e palekana i ka wai, a ma loko o nā mea pale nui - maikaʻi.
ʻO Larvicides
ʻO Larvicides he mau lāʻau lapaʻau iʻoi aku ka hopena i ka hopena o ka uluʻana o nā'ōpala, akāʻo ka hopena o nā papahele e pili pinepineʻole i kona hopena luku. ʻO ka'ōpiopio a me ka anuhe o ka iʻa, eʻai ana i ka mea kanu, i mālamaʻia me ka'ūpili, ma hope o ka manawa e make ai i nā meaʻawaʻawa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka mea maʻalahi i ka hana o kēiaʻano o nā mea olakino, he mau meaʻeha ia i ka wā mua.
Nā mea hōʻailona
ʻO nā mea hōʻailona he mau mea weliweli ia i nā mea kanu weliweli a pale iā lākou i kaʻaiʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu. Hiki i ka mea kino ke hana i kahi mea kanu a iʻole i kahi lāʻau i kanuʻia, a ma muli o konaʻala, e pale i nā kanu ahupuaʻa mai nā'ōpūʻeha. He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea hoʻopili no nā hana prophylactic ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa o ka hanaʻino o nā lāʻau ma o nā'ōpala.
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākou iā mākou iho i nā mea wela a me nāʻano o kā lākou papahaʻana, a he mea nui a maikaʻi hoʻi i ka hanaʻana i nā koho lāʻau maikaʻi no ka lukuʻiaʻana o nāʻano mea likeʻole. I kēia manawa, hoʻolaunaʻia nā lāʻau laulā ākea i kahi nui i nā hale kūʻai kūikawā. Me ke kōkuaʻana iā lākou,ʻo ka māla a me ka hale kau wela e hāʻawi nui iāʻoe i kaʻohiʻai me kaʻole o ka hana a me ka uku kālā.
