ʻO nā'ōpiopioʻo Apple he nui nā pōmaikaʻi.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o nāʻano likeʻole, a me nāʻano kūʻai o nā mea kūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hua.
ʻO kahi mea hou aku,ʻaʻole i keʻano o nāʻano likeʻole i ka lepo.
He aha iaʻano?
ʻO nā lālā'ōpiopioʻo Apple e pili ana i nāʻano o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO keʻano o nā hua kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī a me ka pale maloʻo.
ʻO ka palekana o ka hua ma luna oʻekolu mahina, akā, pili i ka mālama pono o nā'ōla:
- makemakeʻia ka mahanaʻoi loa - 0 ° C;
- kaʻawelike kiʻekiʻe o ka ea - 90-95%;
- ka mālama i loko o nā pahu lāʻau aiʻole nā pahu;
- ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka nui;
- ke hoʻokaʻinaʻana i nā'ōpiopio ma ka papa.
ʻO nāʻano likeʻole o ka ulu nā: Nastya, Nymph, Aport, In Memory of a Warrior a Orlik.
Kohoʻana
ʻO ka uluʻana ma muli o ka poli o nā'ōlaʻa'ōpiopio o kahiʻano pono'ī, no ka mea,ʻo ka'ōhiʻa i kaʻanoʻoleʻole.
Kūpono kanu iʻeluaʻano ala ala ma kahi lōʻihiʻelima mau mika mai kekahi.
Nā māka maikaʻi loa no ka pollination:
- ʻO Snow Calvil;
- Miltosh;
- ʻO Joanareda;
- Pepinka;
- ʻO ka wā o ka'Āina.
Keʻano
ʻO keʻano o ka lāʻau'ōhiʻa ka mea iʻikeʻia e ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau, he kalaunu nani o ke kala momona a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo, nā hua nui.
Ho'ōla ikaika, sredneroslye. Kūpopoʻo Crohn. ʻO ke kala o nā lālā he hina. He palupalu nā lālā, lōʻihi, e neʻe aku ana mai ke kumu i kahi ākea. Hoʻopiliʻia ma kolchatka a me nā ihe.
Nā huaʻai huaʻai, nā nui nui. Ua ulu maikaʻi nā wana, nui, he'ōniʻomaʻu keʻokeʻo. ʻO kahi lau nui, he oval me kahi hopena pōkole.
ʻO nā wīwī heʻeleʻele, koʻiʻia, nui i ka mānoanoa. ʻO ka nui o Chechevichki ka nui. ʻO ka lapalapa lau nui he nui, symmetrical, wrinkled a me ka palaka palaka.
ʻO nā'ōpuʻu keʻanoʻulaʻula-lahilahi. He keʻokeʻo nā pua me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo.
Pīpī, kaumaha, nui ka nui. ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻo o ka'ōleʻa he'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo ia, aʻoluʻolu e hoʻohuli i kahi pale uhiʻulaʻula pale.
Mālele kaʻili i kahi pale pili pale. Ma luna o kaʻili, he mau mea iʻike nuiʻia nāʻaoʻao subcutaneous o ka nui.
He keʻokeʻo o ke kino me ka'ōniʻomaʻu uliuli, me ke keʻa me ka meaʻala.
Pā i kaʻono, kaʻono a me kaʻona. ʻO nā kīʻaha o Aromatny, Dessert Petrov, Ural Bulk, Hoʻolipili kālā aʻo Pepin Saffron kekahiʻano like.
Hoʻokaʻina iʻikeʻia e kekahi huaʻona paʻa waiwai o ka hua:
- kahi maloʻo - a hiki i 20%;
- ke kō - 13%;
- ia iāʻoe - 0.5%;
- ʻoka ascorbic - 11 mg i 100 g;
- ʻo ka lākiō o ke kōpaʻa i ka waikaʻa he 30 paha;
- Mea pāʻani: nā'ōmole - 20 mg no 100 g, catechins - 127 mg no 100 g;
- ʻo ka nui o nā pūhui phenolic he 260 mg ia 100 g (121-340);
- nā lāʻau pectin - 0.42%;
- huaʻai C - 40 mg;
- huaʻai B1, B2, A, PP.
Hoʻokaʻaʻike
Hiki keʻikeʻia he mau kiʻi o ka lāʻau'ōhiʻa me ke 'ano'ōpio.
Ua loaʻa kekahi mau'ōmoleʻo Molodezhnoye ma ka Volgograd Research Institute o ka Hui HanaʻAla. N.I. ʻO Vavilova ma o ka hoʻopiliʻana iā Zhiguli a me Boyken.
Nāʻanoʻano hoʻoilina: Malychenko V.V., Balandina L.N.
ʻO ka'ōpiopioʻo Apple he inoa lua, i loaʻa mai ka inoa o kekahi o nā mea kākau - Malychenkovskoe.
ʻO ka'āina ulu
ʻO ka'ōlā o ka ulu maoli o ka'ōpiopio'ōpiopio ʻO ka hapa haʻahaʻaʻo Rusia.
Me ka kanu pono a me ka mālamaʻana, e'āpono ana keʻano o nāʻano likeʻole ma nā wahi'ē aʻe, akāʻo ka meaʻoi loa o ia mea he mau'āina i ka lā, e like me kaʻaoʻao hema o Ukraine.
E hāʻawi
I nā lālā hua lāʻau E ulu nā'ōpiopio i ka 4-5 makahiki ma hope o ke kanuʻana. Hoʻohālikelikeʻia kaʻano i nā hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka laweʻana i nā hua.
Hoʻomaka kaʻohi i ka mahina mua o Sepatemapa. ʻAʻole i kīʻia nā'ōpala i ka wā e ulu ana. ʻO kaʻohiʻana he 150 mau wīkī no kēlā me kēia hectare.
Hōʻikeʻia nā hua maikaʻi ma nāʻano likeʻole: Winter Pear, Melby's Daughter, Antey, Winter Beauty and Autumn Low.
Hoʻopili
ʻO nā hua a me ka nui o ka hua o ka'ōpala'ōpala Molodezhnoe pili pono i ka mālamaʻana. Ke kanuʻana i kahi lāʻau e hoʻohana ana i ka lauka momona.
ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka lāʻau'olihiʻaʻole makemake ia i ka nui o ka hana, no ka mea,ʻaʻole loa ke kukuna o keʻano i ka lepo.
No nā lāʻau e ulu ikaika, maikaʻi a nani,ʻo ka mea mua āu e makemake ai e koho i ka hua'ōlelo pono:
- ke kūʻaiʻana i nā meakanu me kahi kumu pakiaka i kūkuluʻia a kūʻai aku iā lākou ma kahi'āpana me keʻano likeʻole;
- e koho i kahi'ōpiopio'ōpiopio, a laila, hiki ke loli koke i ka lepo ma kahi o kahi e ulu ai;
Ma hope o ka kūʻaiʻana i nā mea kanu he mea nui loa ke koho kahi e kanu ai i ka lāʻau aporo:
- wahi kaiā;
- nele i ka makani;
- pono nā wahi no ke kanuʻana me ka maikaʻi;
- i mea e ulu ikaika ai ka lāʻau a lawe i ka palena kūpono, ua'ōleloʻia e hoʻohana i ka lepo loamy;
- alohi i kahi e kokoke ana ka wai honua kokoke i ka honua;
- e hoʻomākaukau pono i ka lua hoʻohāwai.
Kūkuluʻia nā lāʻau o kēiaʻano likeʻole, ma keʻano he kūlana, i nā kauʻelua:
- nā lālā (i ka hopena o Kepakemapa - ka mahinaʻoʻOkakopa)
- ka punahele (ma hope oʻApelila).
ʻO ka mea nui loa i ke kaʻina paeʻanaʻo ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā puka lua. ʻO nā palena kūpono o ka lua no ke kanuʻana i ka'ōlaʻa: 1x1x0.7m.
Ua huiʻia ka papa luna o ka honua i hoʻopiliʻia me ka papa haʻahaʻa a ua hoʻokomoʻia nā mea fertilizers:
- 18-20 kg o ka meli lio;
- 250 grams o ke ahi;
- 250 g superphosphate;
- 100 maumu o ka pāpona sulfate.
ʻO ka lua ua piha i ka lepo me ka mea momona no 2/3. Mai luna mai lākou e hoʻoulu ai i ka lepo momona me ka loaʻaʻole o nā mea ulu. Hoʻokumuʻo Pit a hoʻonui i ka papa o ka'āina momona.
I kēia manawa, hiki iāʻoe ke kanu pono i kahi'ōhiʻa. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻaʻana iā mākou i kahi kui lāʻau.
Kula
I ka wā mua,ʻaʻole pono ke mālamaʻia ka'ōhiʻa'ōpiopio. I ka makahiki punahele, i ka lua o ka makahiki ma hope o ke kanuʻana, he mea nui e hana i ka lei kala o ka'ōlaʻi.
Pono pono eʻoki i nā piko o kēlā me kēia lālā. ʻO nā makahiki muaʻelua, he mea nui e hoʻopaʻaʻia ka lāʻau'ōhiʻa i kahi kui lāʻau (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka linden a iʻole ka ulu lāʻau).
He mea e pono ai no nā makahikiʻehā a hiki i ka 5ʻaʻole e hāʻawi i ka hua'ōpiopio e hana (pono pono ke kiʻi i 80-100% o nā pua).
Mālama mālama i loko o nā makahikiʻelima i hala ma hope o ka paeʻana:
- ke kāpiliʻana i nā lāʻau e pale ai i nā toʻi a me nā hares (mea - parchment, lapnik);
- ka'ōpiopio me nā humus pristvolnyh humu;
- e hoʻoluliluli i ka honua a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe he iwakalua keneta;
- ke kanuʻiaʻana o nā lāʻau me nā huila e pale ai i nā mea hōʻeuʻeu.
ʻO nā maʻi a me nā meaʻeha
ʻO nāʻano o nāʻanoʻo Molodezhnoye heʻano kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā maʻi fungal. ʻO keʻano kūpono loa o ka hanaʻana i ka'ōlaʻi no nā maʻi o ka maʻiʻelele.
He mau hanana holoʻokoʻa e lawe mai i ka hopena hana kū'ē i nā maʻi likeʻole o ka lāʻau'ōhiʻa:
ka pollination o ka colloidal sulfur a me nā mea keleawe;- ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻano likeʻole me ke kū'ē ikaika loa i ka maʻi;
- ka lukuʻana i nā mea i pilikia;
- ke kāpiliʻana i kaʻano o ka potash a me ka'ōpopo;
- lepo lehu;
- ka papa kalaunu;
- ka mea hānai me nā mea kanu momona;
- Kauʻia ka'ōpī māmā i ka wā e ulu ana;
- hōʻiliʻili i ka manawa kūpono;
- ka mālama pono o nā'ōla.
ka pollination o ka colloidal sulfur a me nā mea keleawe;ʻO ka hōʻoia me ka hapalua o nā kūlana o luna nei, e mālama i kāu lāʻau mai nā maʻi e like me ka scab, powderd mildew (ʻo ka hopena o nā'ōpiopio iʻike pinepineʻia i kēia maʻi), ka hua hua, ka maʻi kino me nā mea'ē aʻe.
E nānā iki i nā hōʻailona a me nā kumu o kekahi o lākou.
Kauka
ʻO ka mua o nā mea a pau e komo ai i nā lau o ka lāʻau, a laila neʻe i ka hua. ʻO ke kumu o kaʻikeʻana o kēia pākuʻi ka mea pinepine i ka hiʻi o ka ea i loko o ka lei o ka lāʻau a iʻole ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka wai.
ʻO nā hōʻailona mua o ka scab keʻano o nā'āpana'ōmaʻomaʻo-ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā lau, a ma ka nui o nāʻano'ōpiopio liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i ka'upapau, kahi kiko o ka hua.
ʻO Rot
ʻO ka maʻi o kaʻano funga, ka mea e komo i waenakonu o ka'ōpū ma o nā māwae a me nāʻeha i hana muaʻia e nā holoholona, ka huahekili a iʻole kekahiʻano'ē aʻe.
ʻO ka hōʻailona mua keʻano o kahi'āpanaʻeleʻele ma kaʻili o ka'ōpala, e ulu ana a hiki i ka'ōʻana o ka'ōlē.
Kuhi
Kāheaʻia e ka meaʻeleʻele Erwinia amylovora. ʻAʻole hiki ke ho'ōlaʻia nā lāʻauʻeha, akā. Pono lākou e luku kokeʻia iʻole e pakele lākou i nāʻano ulu e ulu nei.
ʻO ka mea nāna e hoʻolālā he mea hoʻopili.>
Mehana ka hau
ʻO ka maʻi Fungal. ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi keʻano o ka hakina mycelium i keʻano o ka pua keʻokeʻo ma nā lau o nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka hapanui o ka maʻi ke hōʻikeʻia ma hope o ka ua nui. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi ma luna o ka lāʻau mai ka lalo i luna, a hiki i ka hopena o ka lāʻau.
Mai poina i ka hiki i nā mea hōʻemi ke hōʻeha i nā lāʻau ohia. Pono pono e lawe i nā mea pale kūpono e kū'ē i ka moth codling, ka moa mīkini, nā kui, nā silkorms a me nā'ōpala hua.
ʻO nā hua o nā'ōleʻa o keʻano Molokahnoye heʻano kiʻekiʻe koiola a he mau waiwai maikaʻi maikaʻi paha. He mea pono ia i ka hanaʻana o ka jam, wai, nā hua'ūpī a me ka kukeʻana o nāʻano likeʻole. Ma keʻano hou eʻono,ʻaʻole loa lākou e like.
