Ma ka hua'ōlelo "bipi", he nui ka poʻe e manaʻo nei he nani keʻokeʻo aʻeleʻele me kahi laʻi liʻiliʻi.
Penei keʻano o nā puʻu puʻu - nā lālā o ka lāhui,ʻo kekahi o nāʻekolu i kaulana loa i Rusia, e like me.
He nani nā kau pipi i hoʻohanaʻia i ke anuanu, a me kā lākou nui ka momona o ka waiū a me ka mea nui.
Ka moʻaukala o
Ua ola nā holoholona pipi ma ka makahiki XVII ma ka mokuʻo Arkhangelsk. ʻO kēia inoa mai ka'āpana Kholmogory. Ma lalo o Peter I, ua liloʻo Arkhangelsk i port nui loa, ke kikowaena o ke kalepaʻana me nā'āina'Elepa nui.
ʻO ke aniau ka maikaʻi o ka hānaiʻana i nā bipi momona.. I loko o ke kahawai nui o ka Northern Dvina he nui nā māla maoli i uhiʻia me ka mauʻu maikaʻi a me nā meaʻai.Ua hoʻokau nuiʻia ka noiʻana i nā hua meaʻai waiū:ʻo ka waiū maloʻo a me nā huahana'ē aʻe i hoʻokuʻuʻia mai Arkhangelsk ma ke kai.
ʻOiaiʻo ka nui o nā kenekuliaʻelua mau makahiki, ua laweʻia nā bipi a me nā bipi o nāʻano'ē aʻe i Arkhangelsk,ʻaʻole hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kā lākou ikaika nui ma nā puʻu puʻu.
I nā manawa Soviet, ua hana nā kānakaʻepekema i ka noiʻiʻana e pili ana i ka hānauʻana, kahi i heleʻia ai nā bipi kolmogory me nā mākaʻi o ka lāhui Holstein a me Dutch.
ʻO ke kumu o ka heleʻana e hoʻonui i ka hua waiū. Akā,ʻo nā hua o nā hui likeʻole,ʻoiai lākou i hāʻawi i ka waiū nui, uaʻano likeʻole ka momona i ka momona.
I ka manawa hoʻokahi, uaʻona kaʻono a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ma kēiaʻano, ua hoʻopauʻia ka hana ma ka kohoʻana.
ʻO kaʻohana Kholmogory ka mea i noho kūʻokoʻa no nā kenekulia he nui, akāʻo ia i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka makahiki 1937.
Keʻano
He nui nā holoholona o kēiaʻano nui, lōʻihi a hoʻonuiʻia. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe i ke kupikipikī o ka poʻe mākua - i ka 130-140 cm. ʻO ke kalaʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, a me ke kapa. Aia nā holoholona iʻeleʻele wale, iʻole iki -ʻanoʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ke poʻo o ke poʻo ua lōʻihi, uaʻano lahilahi ka'ā'ī. Ua ikaika ke kumukānāwai, ua hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia nā lālā,ʻo ka laina pololei o ka huelo a me ka pūhaka he mea ia. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe i ka sacrum e likeʻole ia me ke kiʻekiʻe i ka mea e maloʻo ai ma 5-7 cm.
Heʻaʻahu a me ka nui o ka Udder. Aia kekahi mau bipi me keʻano kīʻaha a me keʻano o ke kao. I kekahi manawa, aia kahi oʻi me ka hapakolu o nā nipples. ʻO keʻano o nā nipples heʻeleʻele, e lōʻihi.
"Kholmogorskaya" ka puaʻa bipi: nāʻano a me nā kiʻi
ʻEwalu ke kau'ōpio i 550 kilomeka. No nā kāne'ōpio, hiki ke nui aku ko lākou kaumaha: i ka 800-850 kg. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ka manawa i kaupaonaʻia ai nā bipi o kēlā me kēia iwi i hoʻokahi ton.
Hoʻomaopopoʻia nā bipi ma mua o 30 kg.. ʻO nā Gobies, ma keʻano he kūlana, i ka manawa hānau ma mua o ka hānauʻana uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā moa. I ka pihaʻana oʻeono mau makahiki, inā nānā ponoʻia nā keiki bipi, ua kaupaona lākou: he mau bipi kāne - he 180 kekeli, bipi keiki - 150-170 kg. I nā mahina he 18, ua kaumaha nā keiki bipi a 370-390 kg.
Hāʻawi kekahi bipi wahine makua i ka 3200-3800 kilokika o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a me nāʻano kūpono o ka waiʻu waiū e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka 5-6 mau mano. ʻO ka mea momona momona kaʻoi aku ma luna o 3%, a hiki i 3.87%.
Aia kekahi mau puaʻa'ē aʻe iʻoi aʻe ka nui o ka waiū, e like me: Jersey, Simmental, Ayshir, Red Steppe.
Kiʻi "Kholmogorsky" pua bipi:
KUKAHI!I ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻolaha nuiʻia kekahi pua bipi nui, i hanaʻia i loko o ka mahi hoʻokolohua Tolstopaltsevo (Moscow region), ma waena o nā kauka.
Ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiū he 6484 kg o ka waiū (kahi momona 3.9%, protein 3.31%). I waena o nāʻano'ē aʻe, ua hoʻohanaʻia kaʻenehana hoʻokolohua o ka pāʻani liʻiliʻiʻelua, ma keʻano likeʻole me keʻano o ka manawa -ʻekolu mau manawa.
Ma kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaikaʻiʻia nāʻano o ka lāhui e like me keʻano o ka mākau a me ka leka o ka lactation. Ke hana nei nā kānakaʻepekema a me nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa e hoʻonui i ka kino o nā bipi, eʻimi ana a loaʻa nāʻano e hoʻonui ai i ka waiū me ka momona. ʻO ka hana,ʻo ia ke hōʻoia i ka momona 4% waiū a lanakila i kēia mile.
Ma ka pae holoʻokoʻa, heʻekolu mau'āpana o kaʻohana Kholmogory: Pechora, Northern a Central,ʻo keʻano o ka moku'āina Komi, Arkhangelsk a me Moscow.
Nutrition a mālama
Nā kānāwai no ka mālama a mālamaʻana i nā puʻu mai kaʻokoʻa mai nā'ōlelo kūikawā. He mīkini hoʻomaʻemaʻe, maloʻo a maikaʻi loa, he meaʻai kūpono ke kūpono no ke olakino maikaʻi o nā holoholona a me ka waiū piha.
Ma muli o ka loli o kaʻohana Kholmogory ma nā māhele he nuiʻo Rusia a me nā'āina e pili kokoke ana, ua loli loa kaʻaiʻana e like me nā kūlana kaiaulu.
ʻO nā maʻi
Hilltop he olakino maikaʻi a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopiliʻia a hoʻoponopono maikaʻiʻia i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ākau,ʻaʻohe kokoke i ke anu.
Loaʻa i loaʻa: ka maʻi, ka rumatika, ka maʻi maʻi.
ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o leukemia. Mahalo i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa, ua mālama mauʻia kēiaʻano i nā holoholona i kālaiʻia - nā mamo o nā puʻu puʻu a me Holsteins.
No ka hoʻouluʻana a me ka mālama
I loko o nā makahiki i hala koke nei, ua mālamaʻia nā haʻawina i aʻoʻia:
- ka hoʻohana i nā mea hou hale no nā hale holoholona;
- nā koho no ka lā lā, ka hopena ma ka pukaʻana i ka waiū;
- nā meaʻai likeʻole;
- nāʻano e hoʻemi ai i ka uku no ka hana waiū.
Hōʻoiaʻia e hoʻohana i nā mea hou hale ("Polyterm" a me nā mea'ē aʻe), ka lōʻihi a me ka pilina o ka nohona.
Hōʻikeʻia makemake nā holoholona e mālama i ka milking lua. ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana i kēia pūnaewele ka hoʻonui pinepine i ka nui o ka makeʻana o ka waiu a kōkua iā ia e ho'ēmi i ka uku o ka hana.
ʻO ka pipi o kaʻohana Kholmogory he mea hikiʻole keʻikeʻia. ʻAʻohe pono o kēia mau holoholona, palekana i ka'ōlino maʻamau, hoʻonani maikaʻiʻia ma nā wahi'ē aʻe.
Milk a me nā mea i hanaʻia mai loko mai o ia mea he mea maikaʻi loa.
Ke ākea nei ka lāhui Kholmogory ma nā wahi he nuiʻo Rusia. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā mahiʻai ʻO Ukraine, Moldova a me nā'āina'ē aʻe.
He mau bipi kaulana loaʻo Holmogorks, ke hoʻohauʻoli nei lākou i ka poʻe e ulu nei iā lākou a me ka poʻe i makemake i ka waiū a me nā mea laʻa maikaʻi.
