ʻO ka pahuhopu o nā māra a pau, he waiwai nui o nā hua. Eia naʻe, no ka uluʻana, ponoʻoe e mālama mau i nā lāʻau hua, e komo i ka paleʻana a me ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi. A nui nā pōʻino e kali ana i nā kumu. Hiki i kekahi hua pua ke hahau i kekahi mau maʻi. Ma hope o ka heluheluʻana i kēiaʻatikala, e aʻoʻiaʻoe e pili ana i nā maʻi maʻi pinepine o ka pear, e pili ana i nāʻano o ka launaʻana a me ka mālamaʻana.
ʻO ke kina ahi
Uaʻike aneiʻoe i nāʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha ma ka lālā, nā lālā a me nā lālā o kāu mau lāʻau? ʻO kēia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi ka wewela kino. ʻO ka hopena pinepine i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka maʻi bacteriaʻo Erwinia amylovora ke hoʻonāukiuki i kēia maʻi, ua hoʻolahaʻia e nā'ōpala, ka makani, ka ua.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua kākauʻia nā hihia o kahi ahi kūmino i ka 18th century. A i kēia manawa, no nā kenekuliaʻelua a me ka hapalua, ua lilo kēia maʻi i mea hōʻeha i nā mea mahiʻai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.'Oihue nui loa ka puhiʻana i ka pear. Hiki iā ia ke palahalaha i nā lāʻau olakino ma ka uila a me ke alakaʻiʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi loa - ka hopena hope o ka mahinaʻai. No laila, pono pono ke hoʻomaka e hakakā i ke ahi i ka manawa mua.
Hanaʻia. Keʻikeʻia ka maʻi i ka manawa mua, e hoʻoneʻeʻia nā lālā i hoʻopiliʻia, aʻo kaʻokiʻoki e hoʻopiliʻia me ka 1% copper sulfate solution (100 g per 10 l o ka wai) aiʻole 0.7% ka sulfate hao (70 g per 10 wai). Hoʻomaopopoʻia nō hoʻi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka 5% o ka hopena o "Azofos", nā mea'alopelo: chloramphenicol, rifampicin, streptomycin, gentamicin,ʻeleʻele nalidixic and kanamycin i loko o kahiʻano 1-2 papa / ampoules ma 5 liters o ka wai (lawa no nā kumu 8-10). Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻiʻia nā lāʻau ma ka mahinaʻo Mei a me Iune. Me kaʻikeʻana o ka uluʻole a me ka uluʻana o ka pua, hiki i ka lawelaweʻana me ka 1% Bordeaux wai ka mea pono. I ka wā o ka pōʻino nui, nā lāʻau maʻi a me nā lāʻau i kahi mamao aku o 5 m ka mea e pono ai e hukiʻia a puhiʻia.
He mea nui! ʻO nāʻano o nā pears likeʻo Lykashovka, Ka'aha'ōlelo,ʻO ka maikaʻi,ʻo Bere Gardi ke hāʻule pinepine i ka maʻi me kahi ahi kino. Ua hōʻike nā'ōkōʻo Moscow, Ianuali a me Muratov iā lākou iho.
ʻO kahi'āpana Brown
Hiki ke mālamaʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka hōʻino i kāu mau lāʻau me nā wahiʻeleʻele i ka hopena o ke kauwela - ke kauwela. Ua uhiʻia nā lau i nā wahiʻeleʻele. Ke piʻi nui nei kā lākou helu i kēlā me kēia lā, aʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka lau a pau a laila hāʻule. ʻO nā pears ma ka mahinaʻo Iulai a meʻAukake. Hanaʻia. Ināʻikeʻia kēia maʻi ma ka lāʻau, pono e wehe ponoʻia nā lālā lau. No ka mea he maʻi maʻi kēia, pono ke mālamaʻia me nā mea hana antifungal - nā mea momona kupanaha i loko o ke mele. Ma ka manawa hoʻokahi e hoʻomaopopo i ka mīkiniʻana i ka wā koke ma hope o ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka uluʻana o ka hua.
He mea nui! E hōʻeuʻeu i ke kūlana pale o Brown,ʻo Kure,'Ardanion, Clapp.
Kauka
He pinepine ka pears i kahi maʻi i kapaʻia he pale. ʻO ka pathogen pāpaʻi, ka puaʻa Fusicladium pirinum, nā huaʻona, nā lau, a me nā lālā. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi: nā'āpanaʻeleʻele a me ka uhiʻana ma kaʻaoʻao ma lalo o ka lau, e hāʻule ana i nā lau, nā huaʻono a me ka paʻakikī o kā lākou pulp. Ma luna o nā hua, uaʻikeʻia nāʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi'āmela'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ka polina'ōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻopihaʻia kaʻili i ka māmā, ua hoʻopōʻinoʻia ka hua, loaʻa i kahiʻano hanaʻole, a me ka likemmetrical. 
Hanaʻia. Inā hana ka paku i nā lālā'ōpiopio,ʻo kahi wale nō e paio ai i kaʻeha,ʻo ia ke wehe iā lākou. Ponoʻia e mālama me ka 1% Bordeaux, huihu keleawe iʻekolu mauʻanuʻu:ʻo ka mua - i ka manawa o ka'ōpuʻu o nā'ōpuʻu; ʻo ka lua - ma hope koke o ka uluʻana; ʻo ke kolu he 15 mau lā ma hope o ka lua.
He mea nui! Kūpaʻa i ka palepa Muratovskaya, Rusanovskaya, Yanvarskaya pear.
ʻOki Rot (Moniliasis)
Ināʻoluʻoluʻoe i nā meaʻeleʻele i ka hua o ka pua,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo Monilia fructigena mushroom i loko o kāu māla,ʻo ia ka mea e hua ai ka hua o ka moniliosis. Hoʻoulu koke ka maʻi - i loko o hoʻokahi hebedoma hiki ke lilo i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo. Hiki keʻikeʻia ma hope aku nā ulu ulu keʻokeʻo. 'Aheheʻe kaʻiʻo a me ke kīʻole. ʻO ka hāʻuleʻana o ka maile, hiki i kekahi ke maloʻo a noho i nā lālā a hiki iʻelua makahiki. Ināʻaʻole mālamaʻia ka maʻi ma ka manawa, a laila e hoʻonāukiuki i nā ulu o nā lālā. ʻO ka pālahalahaʻana mai ka hōʻailona o Iulai a hiki iʻAukake, i ka manawa o nā kau wela a me nā kauwela. 
Hanaʻia. Pono e hoʻopauʻia nā hua a me nā lālā maʻi. ʻO kaʻokiʻana i nā lālā he pono ia e hana i ka lua a me ke kau. Hōʻoiaʻia ka mānaʻiʻana o nā pears me ka momona a me ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i ko lākou olakino me ke kōkuaʻana o ke kālapa basal mai bioktayl ("Actofit", "Ecoberin", "Healthy Garden", "Baikal").
He mea nui! ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa i nā moniliosis ma nā pears o Cheremshin, ka moʻoleloʻOkakopa, Honey. ʻO ka palekana loa i ka palaʻai huaʻaʻole i hānaiʻia.
ʻO ka maʻi Mosaic
ʻO ka maʻi Mosaic he mea weliweli ia no nā pea. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau he'ōmaʻomaʻa'ōmaʻomaʻu'ōmaʻomaʻo paha aiʻole nā'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo ma nā'ōpiopio. Hiki paha ke kāpili i kahi lāʻau me kahi huapiʻi i ka manawa o kaʻiliʻana.
Hanaʻia. ʻO ka pōʻino,ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i kēia maʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke kōkua houʻia nā lālā a me nā kumu. Pono lākou e puhi iʻole e neʻe ka maʻi i nā lāʻau e ulu kokoke ana.
ʻAno'ōleʻele
ʻO ka naluʻeleʻele kekahiʻano o ka maʻi o nā lau a me nā wana o ka pua, kahi i uhiʻia ai nā lālā me ka pōhakuʻeleʻele. 
Hanaʻia. E hoʻouluʻana i nā lāʻau me ka'opena pale keleawe (5 g keleawe a me ka 150 g paimona ma 10 liters o ka wai), me kahi hopena o Bordeaux iʻole aiʻole he copper oxychloride. Ua palekanaʻia mai ka haʻaluluʻeleʻele, hoʻokahi wale nōʻano o ka pear - ka Halepule.
Mehana ka hau
ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka hoʻokahuliʻana o kaʻala me ka paukū liliʻeleʻele kahi'āpana hina-keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka lālā a me nā'ōpiopio, a lilo iʻulaʻula keʻano. I ka manawa lōʻihi, uaʻokiʻokiʻia nā lau i loko o ka moku. ʻO ka pulupalu maʻi wale nō ka hopena o nā lālā'ōpiopio, no laila ke kau muaʻia o ka maʻi ma loko o ka manawa mai ka paleʻana i ka heleʻana o nā leaflets mua. Hoʻomālahalahaʻia ka maʻi e ka palaʻi palaponi Erysiphales. 
Hanaʻia. No ka paukū paukū, he pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau: terramycin, penicillin a streptomycin i kahi ratio 1: 1. Eia kekahi mau mea kanu me kaʻoihana hoʻolālā i ka hanaʻana i ka pailaʻana o ka lehu ash (50 g) me ka'opi wai (10 g) i 10 liters o ka wai aiʻole ka pulupiliʻana me ka 1% solution o ka pāhare pālolo.
He mea nui! Ua kaulana kaulanaʻo Muscovite, Duhmyanaya, a me Ianuali no ko lākou pale'ālū maloʻo.
Hoʻomaʻa
Mai ka inoa pono'ī o kēia maʻi, hiki ke hoʻomaopopoʻiaʻo kona mau kumu nui he mauʻalaniʻeleʻele ('ālū) i nā lālā a me nā hua e ulu ana i ke kauwela. Ma hope aku, iʻAukake, hiki keʻike i ka uluʻana o ka papillae i nā lau o ka puaʻa, me ke kīʻana i ko lākouʻaoʻao. ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻopuka i ka maʻi,ʻo ia ka pūʻani-parasite Gymnosporangium sabinae. Me ka maʻi ikaika i kaʻala, ua uhiʻia nā lau a me nā huaʻelua, a me nā pua. I ka manawa like, ua emi iho ka maʻi o ka pear a ua kaumaha keʻano maʻamau. I kekahi manawa ua pau ka hua i ka lāʻau i loaʻa i ka maʻi. 
Hanaʻia. No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i kaʻaila ma ka'ōma a me ka'ōpona e pono ke kūʻai aku i nā lālā maʻi a me nā hua. Ke'ōlelo nei ka mea kanu i keʻano o ke komoʻana o kēia maʻi i loko o ka māla,ʻo ka hōʻanoʻana me ka wai o ka Urea, ka polu polu, nā pipi, ka marigolds, a me ka horsetail ua hōʻoia maikaʻi iā lākou iho. Pono e mahalo i nā lāʻau i kou mau hoalauna. Inā ua hoʻololi'ē ka maʻi i kāu mau mea kanu, a laila,ʻaʻohe alaʻoi aku ma mua o ka hanaʻana i nā pears i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka punawai me ka solution% 1 o Bordeaux, no.
Hiki i nāʻano likeʻole o ka pears ke lilo i mea paʻakikī.
ʻO ka maʻi hanu
Loaʻa ka maʻi hanu i nā'ōpiopio. Noiʻia e ka Agrobacterium tumefaciens kino. Hoʻokumuʻia nā hopena ulu o nāʻano likeʻole ma ke aʻa a me ka'ā'ī o ka mea kanu. I keʻano o nā lālā maʻamau, ka huapalapala e hiki ai i ka kanesa aʻa ke ola i ka lepo no nā makahiki he nui. 
Hanaʻia. Ma mua o ke kanuʻana i nā mea kanu, pono lākou eʻike pono a weheʻia mai i ka maʻiʻeha. Pono eʻokiʻoki nā ulu liʻiliʻi ma ke kumu o ke kumu i ke kumu, e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia nā aʻa no 5 mau minuke i loko o ka solution he 1% o ka pale keleawe.
He mea nui! ʻO ka mea nui loa ia ke olaʻana i ka kanakē kele - Lemon.
ʻO ka polu'ōpili'ōpiopio
Hoʻopilikia ka maʻiʻeleʻele i ka'ōpū o ke kumu, nā lālā a me nā hua. ʻO ka mea mua, nā'āpana liʻiliʻi a iʻole nā palapū i hanaʻia ma ke kineta, e hoʻonui mau ana, e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ke kinona. Aia nā kiko o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo i nā'ōpū.
Hanaʻia. No ka paleʻana i ka heleʻana o ka peʻapeʻa o ka pear, ua laweʻia a welaʻia nā lau i hāʻule. Hoʻopauʻia nā hua a me nā'āpanaʻeha, ua hoʻonaniʻia nāʻeha hou i ka'alapalapa keleawe, ka pālolo me ka mullein a me nā lubricants pono. Hoʻopilikia i ka uluʻana o ka maʻiʻeleʻele a me nā mea pīpī.
He mea nui! ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa i ke ahiʻo Antonov e mālamaʻia ana i nāʻano o ka pua a me nāʻano puaʻa Pelekāne Avgustovskaya a me Samaria.
Cytosporosis
ʻO ka kumu o nā pīsopicrosis pears ke hiki ke hoʻohākāle a me ke kamaliʻi. I ka cytosporosis, e hoʻohuli kaʻili o ka pua i keʻulaʻula-'āleʻele a maloʻo. Ma nā wahi maʻi, ua hoʻokumuʻia nā'ōpala -ʻo kahi hoʻonuiʻana o ka mea hoʻopuka:ʻo Cytospora leucostoma'ōhua. 
Hanaʻia. ʻO ke kaʻina no ka hanaʻana i nā'ōpikopōʻau pila e like me nāʻano maʻamau no ka maʻiʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole e makaʻu kēia maʻi i nā mea nona nā Muscovites a me ka lā Ianuali.
Ke kuhi i kaʻili
Aia he mawae i kaʻili o kāuʻala? ʻO nā kumu o kēia mea hiki ke nui -ʻo kēia ka wela o ka wela maikaʻi, a me ka kanu hohonuʻana o nā kumu lāʻau i loko o ka lepo, a me ka'okiʻukiʻoleʻana, a me ka nuiʻole a me ka hoʻohana ponoʻoleʻia o nā mea ulu lāʻau.
ʻO nā hopena o nā momona o ka ulu keʻano o ka uluʻana o ka hua, a me ka hāʻuleʻana o nā hua a me nā lau. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe mea weliweli e like me ka hoʻopiʻiʻana i ke kāʻei o nā peʻa: ka maʻi o nā maʻi me nā huakiko, ka bacteria, spores of fungi pathogenic, keʻano o ka pala.
Hanaʻia. ʻAʻole hiki ke mālamaʻia nā hākāka, pono e mālamaʻia. No ka hoʻomakaʻana, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka'ōpala iʻehaʻia i kahi mea olakino me kahi'ōpala kila aʻokiʻoki paha me kahi pahi. A laila e mālamaʻia ka'ōmole me 1% aiʻole 3% Bordeaux wai a iʻole kekahi mea hana hana. E hanaʻia kahi 3% o ka hopena o sulfate ikaika. Pauʻia ka pihi kāpili me ka pālolo, mullein a iʻole ka mea kūikawā nui.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka poʻe o ia maʻi i kapaʻia kona inoa weliweli i kapaʻia ma lalo o ka inoa "Anton fire" aiʻole "ke ahi." Ua hoʻomaka lākou e kāhea aku iā ia no ka mea ua like ke kīhāpai i hoʻopilikiaʻia i ka uluwehiʻana, ua nānā nā lāʻau i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki.
ʻO ka Puʻupuʻu Pear
E like me keʻano o nā maʻi kanaka,ʻo ka mea nui no ka hoʻomauʻana i ka ulu mauʻana a me ka huaʻana o ka pears,ʻo ia ka paio ma nā hopena,ʻo ia hoʻi. ka lāʻau hoʻomalu, a me ka hōʻole maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomaka kokeʻana o ka paleʻana,ʻo kaʻoi aku nō paha ia o kaʻohiʻana i ka hua hua maikaʻi.
No nā mea pale e pale i nā maʻi nui o ka pears, penei:
- ka wā kūpono (hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka puhi) o nā lau i hāʻule;
- nā pale aliʻi momona;
- ka mālamaʻana i nā wahi lepo pāhola;
- ka pilapili 4-5-pinepine e pulupulu me ka 1% Bordeaux wai, 0.3% hoʻomaha o 90% oxychloride copper, 1% hoʻomaha o colloidal sulfur;
- nāʻano kanu kūikawā o ka maʻi ma kou'āina.
