No nā mosses a me lichens,ʻo ka hapanui o mākou wale nō keʻike,ʻo lākou nāʻano kanuʻoi loa loa, a ma muli o kēlāʻaoʻao e ulu ai ka puʻupuʻu, hiki iāʻoe ke puka aku i waho o ka ululāʻau inā e makeʻoe. Akā,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopoʻia nā hua'ōlelo e like me ka briology a sphagnum paha e kekahi meaʻaʻole he loioʻoihana, mea hoʻomōhala a mea aquarist. E hoʻopiha i ka hapa i kaʻike, no ka mea he mea nani loa!
He aha nā mosses a kahi i loaʻa ai
ʻO nā Mosses (ʻoi aku ka pololei a me ka moa) he mahele o ke aupuni mō'ī, me ka hoʻohuiʻana i kēlāʻanoʻano, i loko o ke kahe hana kope e like me ka gametophyte (ke kūkokoʻana me kekahi seto chromosomaʻole) e noho aliʻi ma luna o ka sporophyte (hanauna asexual).
ʻO kaʻikeʻepekema o mosses he bryophytes ia, no laila ke inoa o ka māhele kumu e nānā iā lākou - keʻano o nā haʻawina. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā moss e pili ana i ka papa o nā lau.
ʻO nā pūpū o kēia mau mea kanu, aia ma luna aʻe o ka honua, ua piha i nā lālā liʻiliʻi-nui,ʻoiai ka māhele o lalo he mau lola uila ka lōʻihi,ʻo ia hoʻi nā "rhizoids". Ua like nāʻano o nā Lunamaka'āinana o kēiaʻano a me nā mea likeʻole i ko lākou mau pilina ma ke aupuni.
ʻO Mosses, e like me nā pūpū a me ka huakiki, e hoʻonuiʻia e nā'āpana. Ma kŰia me ke ano o ka hawewe o ka nohona o ke ola, he mau mossy ke kumu o ka ho okumu (sporophyte) ma ke ano o ka pahu i ka wawae, a pili pili i ka mea kanu. 
Hoʻohana ka sporophyte i hoʻokahiʻoihana - hana ia i ka hopena o nā spores, a ma hope o ia e mae koke a make.
ʻO ka pilina pilipino briophyte - ka lua o ka hanana o ke ola - he mea kanu ulu (gametophyte), a like ka likeʻana me ka hopena o ka hopena a me nā hopena o ka lau. Akā naʻe, heʻano likeʻole kēia i nā mea kanu ulu.
He mea nui! ʻAʻohe kumu a me nā lālā o Mosses,ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka papa hana hana i kaʻike kuʻuna o kēia mau hua'ōlelo.
Ma muli o ka nele o kahi'ōnaehana kumu maoli,ʻoi aku ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka lewa, a hiki i ka hoʻomaha loa o ke ola i ka wā kūpono. I ka manawa e hoihoi houʻia ka laulau hoʻolū, e ola ana ka mea kanu. He paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka'āina, kahi e ulu ai nā mīpala.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i kēia mau mea kanu ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea nui i nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau, e noho i ka lepo, nā lāʻau, nā mea kanu'ē aʻe, nā pōhaku, ke one, ma nā'āpana makani - mai ka Arctic a hiki i ka wao akua. ʻAʻole lākou e ola wale ma ka wai kai paʻakai. 
ʻO ka waiwai o Mose
ʻO ka waiwai o nā'ōpala i ka hoʻomohalaʻana a me ka hoʻomohalaʻana i ka biosphere o ka Honua, paʻakikī ka hoʻonui. Mai nā wā kahiko, nā kūpuna kahiko o nā lawaiʻa hou, nā kapuahi a me nā'ōpū i hoʻonāwaliwali i nā'āina neoneo, me ka hanaʻana i ka uhi lepo no nā mea kanu'ē aʻe, ma muli o kā lākou hana ola, a pēlā e lilo ai iʻano "paionia" i ka mahiʻaiʻana i ko mākou honua.
He mea nui! ʻO Mossy ke kumu o nā kaiaola kaiapuni. Ma nā wahi'ākau, no ka waiwai e like me ka hua'ōpuni, e hōʻiliʻili a mālama i nā nui o ka wai, nā pale momona e pale i ka holoʻana o ka wao akua.
Ma nā wahi o ko lākou ulu nui, hiki i nā bryophytes ke uhi i nā wahi nui o ka honua, e lilo ana i puʻuhonua no nā holoholona a me nā manu. Ma nā wahi o ka tundra a me ka permafrost, he mea paʻa ia e pale ai i ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana o ke hau hau, ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o nā'alekai a me nā kahawai, kōkua i ka mālamaʻana i ka'āina.
Pōʻali: nā kiʻi o nā akua
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka mossy no ke kanaka, a laila, heʻano likeʻole kā lākou noi. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā hua o kekahiʻano o kēia mau mea kanu i ka cosmetology a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā tonic, antiseptic a me nā mea hemostatic.
Hiki i Centaury, yellowcone, mauʻu'ōmaʻomaʻi, hānai a me ka pear kekahi hopena hōʻailona.
No nā poʻe noho o ka'Ākau Komohana, mamao loa mai ka civilization, he kūpono ka piliʻana o ka muse e like me ka hoʻonaninana maoliʻana o nā hale, a, i ka'ōleloʻana, e hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i mea hana lole no ka hoʻolakoʻana.
ʻO nāʻano o ka moemona nani - kekahi o nā mea nui o ka hoʻolālā 'āina a me ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā mele puaʻa. Akā naʻe, ma mua o nā mea a pau, hoʻohanaʻia ka peat i loko o ke ola o ke kanaka - ka waihoʻana o ka maʻi sphagnum mosses.
ʻO ke kōpiopio,ʻo ka wili, ka hyprangea, ka magnolia, ka thuja, ka pine, ke lilac, ka jasmine, ka'āpana, ka mōsythia, nā rhododendron, nā violets, nā daisies, nā lilies o ke awāwa, nā roses, nā marigolds, irises a me nā peonies.
Hoʻohanaʻia ka peat:- e like me ka wahie i ka mana;
- i mea kanu a me ka mea e hoʻopiha ai i nā mea lepo a me nā mea hoʻomohana, a me ka mulch o kaʻoihana mahiʻai a me ka mahiʻai;
- i ka waihoʻana i nā mahi mahiʻai ma nā kīhāpai a me nā mahi hānai;
- i mea hoʻomehana i ka hana;
- i ke kauka, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nāʻoihanaʻenehana, kaʻenelani a me nāʻoihana'ē aʻe.
ʻO nā ululāʻau ulu lāʻau
ʻOhi - he wahi kūpono no ka uluʻana o ka puna. Aia lākou ma ka lāʻau, nā pōhaku, ma nā kahawai a me nā loko, e makemake ana i nā mea i hoʻouluʻia, kahi hoʻoluluhi, e hoʻonui pinepine i nā wahi ākea me kahi kapi paʻa.
ʻO lākou a pau i ka papa o nā pupuhi pūpū, a no laila, he'ōpala i loko o ka'āina i luna (ma luna o ka wai) i uhiʻia me nā lau liʻiliʻi, a ma lalo iho, he wahi mau loa, i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia e ka nui o nā pua. ʻO nāʻanoʻano likeʻole o nāʻano lepo he likeʻole ia i keʻano a me ka laula o nā lau, akā i ka mānoanoa a me ke kuhikuhi o ka uluʻana o nā'ōpū. 
Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia i loko o nā'āpana mahana a me nā haʻahaʻa o ka mīkini i nā manawa a pau e like me kaʻoluʻolu a me keʻanoʻoluʻolu, e pāʻani ana me nā kala e like me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo-'ōmaʻomaʻo i ka'ōmaʻomaʻu-brown. I ka loaʻaʻole o ka makuku, pau koke ka nani o kēia nani, me he mea lā ua uhiʻia me ka lepoʻeleʻele o ka lepo.
ʻO nāʻelima o nā maka'āinana o ka moemoe lāʻau:
- Klimatsium.
- Mn
- Ptilium.
- Sphagnum
- Kūlana
- Gilokomium.
Paipai mākou e heluhelu e pili ana i ka piliʻana i nā muse e hele ma kāu pūnaewele.
ʻO ka Lāʻau
ʻO ka hapa ma lalo o ka climaci kahiʻokoʻa pokole (hiki i 15 mau kenimika), e piʻi i luna i luna, i kekahi manawa e hoʻopiliʻia ma nāʻaoʻao likeʻole, aʻoiaʻiʻo e like me kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi. 
ʻO ka "'āpana" a me nā "lālā" o kēia kumu lāʻau ua piha i nā lau liʻiliʻi, i ka wā e maloʻo ai, e pāʻani me nā'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, hiki i nā'ōpala ke ala a hiki i ka wā lōʻihi loa. No laila, i ka makahiki 2014, ua loaʻa i nāʻepekema nā hulu o nā mosses maloʻo ma ka Poʻemoku Poʻe. Ua hoʻoholoʻia ko lākou mau makahiki ma 1530 makahiki. Ma hope oʻelua mau pule aiʻoleʻekolu paha i hoʻohanaʻia ma kahi kapuahi me nā kūpono kūpono, ua hoʻomaka ka'ōpiopio e ulu. Ma waena o nā mea'okoʻahonua, uaʻikeʻia kēia hanana iʻikeʻia.
ʻO kaʻaoʻao lalo (lalo) kahi o ke kolo e kolo ana, me ke kīʻaha me nā aho rhizoid hikiʻole keʻikeʻia. ʻO Branching, keʻano neiʻo ia i kaʻano o ke kelepona, i nā'ā'ī o ka lālā o nā mea ulu o ka hapa o luna. ʻO ka pahu pahu pahu piha ma ka lōʻihi lōʻihi i kaʻulaʻula a loaʻa i ka 12 a 15 mau spores.
Hiki keʻikeʻia ka climacium i nā wahi i hoʻomaopopoʻia i nā'āpanaʻeleʻele, i nā mea ulu, kokoke i nā kahakai, nā muliwai, a ma nā kahakai. 
Mnium
Ma lalo o kēia inoa e hūnā i kahiʻano likeʻole o ka moa, e helu ana i nā mea he kanahā.
ʻO nā mea maʻamau o kēiaʻano e like me kēia:
- noon, a mnium paha;
- mnium wrinkled;
- i hoʻolālā a ulu lāʻau paha;
- ʻO ka mnium ke kaulike;
- kahi kiko;
- mnium zinclidea.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka'ōmole he nui (a hiki i 5 mm) nā lau oval, aia ma loko o kekahi mokulele mai nāʻaoʻaoʻelua e pili ana i kahiʻaoʻao ma kahi'ōkuhi,ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi.
Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ke kānaluaʻo ka mea ola o nā lālā o ka mnium ke kauʻia nei ma ka moku like. I kekahi'ōlelo'ē aʻe,ʻo ka pepa ka mea lahilahi loa - hoʻokahi wale nō pūnaewele.
I ka wā maloʻo, e ulu nui nā lau o ka'ōmomi a emi iho ka nui. Loaʻa ka pahu o ka palekana i ka pahu oval, e kau ana mai ka wāwae'ōmaʻomaʻu-ʻeleʻele,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3 kenimika. Hiki ke pahu i kahi pahu mai 17 a 30 mau spores (e pili ana i keʻano).
Hoʻomāheleʻiaʻo Mnium i nā wahi āpau, i ka nui o ka nahele, makemake i ka manawa hoʻokahi i nā ulu lāʻau pine i kanuʻia me ka lepoʻala. Noho pinepineʻo ia i nā pōhaku a me nā wāwae kahiko, e hoʻoulu ana i nā lāʻau uliuli'ōmaʻomaʻo.
E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka uluʻana o ka nalu.
Ptilium
I ka ulu lāʻau pine a me nā ululāʻau (me ke kāwili pinepineʻia o ka pine) hiki iāʻoe keʻike i kekahi o nā manu momona o nā manu -ʻo ka poulilium. Ma kahi o ka hoʻolaha nuiʻia,ʻaʻole loa ia he puka i uhiʻia ma ka honua, makemake e noho ma ke kumu o nā kumu lāʻau, me nāʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele o ka'ōmaʻomaʻu'ōmaʻomaʻa a'ōmaʻomaʻu me ka'ōpūʻulaʻula. 
ʻO ka ptilium he mea kiʻekiʻe kaʻohi (hiki ke hiki i 20 mau kenimika), a he nui keʻano o nā lālā i hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia me nā lau e neʻe i nāʻaoʻao'ē aʻe. Ma ko lākou helehelena,ʻano like kēia mau manu i nā hulu manu a iʻole nā lau. ʻO nā lau o kēia pūmole, e likeʻole me ka'ōmole, he liʻiliʻi loa ia, liʻiliʻi (hiki i ka 1 mm), kuhikuhi, a me nā pōkole lōʻihi.
ʻO ka pahu hāmeʻa he pālekaleka, pākiki iki, kokoke i nā manawa a pau. ʻO ka pīpī kāpili i kaʻulaʻula mai 2 a 5 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka helu o nā paio ma ka pahu mai 10 a 14 mau'āpana.
Sphagnum
Nui nā māla likeʻole i ka wao nahele. ʻO kēia nā ululāʻau ulu lāʻau, a me nā māla lau nahele, a me nā māla, a me nā pōhaku nui. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka pipi he kūlana kūikawā, hoʻokahiʻano likeʻole! Ua kūkuluʻiaʻo ia no nā makahiki he nui, a ua hiki ke ola no nā makahiki he mau makahiki, i ka hoʻonui pinepineʻana a me ka hopuʻana i nā'āina hou a nui.
Mahalo, pili kēia moa i kēia. ʻO kaʻoi aku o kāna mau koho - sphagnidy. ʻO Sphagnum, ua kapaʻiaʻo ia he keʻokeʻo a iʻole ka pehe - kahi pūnaewele e hui ana i nā kumu he kanahā o nā mosapalapala lepo, kahi paʻa pono e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia mea wale nō i ke kaʻina hana o ke kekona microscopic. 
Heʻano liʻiliʻiʻanoʻano liʻiliʻi ia, i uhiʻia me nā lau liʻiliʻi, i hoʻonohonohoʻia i kahi'ōwili. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kaʻilima o ka ulu mai ka'ōmaʻomaʻo-'ōmaʻomaʻo i ka poni-ʻulaʻula (e pili ana i nāʻano likeʻole). Aia ka hapa o Rhizoids ma kaʻaoʻao lalo (lalo o ka lepo).
E makemake pahaʻoe e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka sphagnum moss, a me nāʻano lāʻau hōʻailona i loaʻa iā ia.
ʻO Sphagnum kekahi mauʻano kūikawā eʻike ana i nā mea kanu likeʻole. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona mua loa,ʻo ka sphagnum hāpai wale nō i luna.
I ka manawa like, e make ana ka hapa o ka pū (kahi i lalo ma lalo o ka wai), e huli ana i peat, ma kahi likeʻole me ka uluʻana o ka ulu (e pili ana i hoʻokahi millimita a ka makahiki). Hiki i kēlāʻano ola ke hāʻawi i ka manaolana o ka ola o nā makahiki he hoʻokahi aʻoi aʻe (no ka huliʻana: e ola nā mea'ē aʻe ma mua o 10 mau makahiki).
Keʻike neiʻoe? Aia ka Vitampor Vitamp (Kelemana) i kahi papa peʻa he 18 mika hohonu, ao kona mau makahiki heʻelua makahiki ia.
ʻO kaʻano hou o ka sphagnids,ʻo ia ka synthesize i nā meaʻaʻa e pale ai i ka uluʻana o ka mea maʻi, kahi e ho'ēmi iki ai i nā hana o ka palaha i ka pehu, a me ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka hanaʻana o ka peat. ʻO ka'āina waikawa, me ka mea'ē aʻe, ka hōʻeha i nā mea hoʻokūkū a hiki iāʻoe ke hopu i nā hanana ola hou.
ʻO kekahi waiwai o ka sphagnum ka mea hiki ke halihali a mālama i ke kai no ka hikiʻana o nā pūkole kūikawā me kahi hoʻokipaʻoi. I loko o nā wā o ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hiki i kēia puʻu ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka wai,ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e alakaʻi ai i kahi hoʻololi i ka pale wai a me ka hopuʻana i nā'āina hou.
Hanaʻia
Rodobriy, a iʻole keʻano o ka laulum-like - he meaʻokoʻa'ē aʻe o nā'ōpala palau, kahi e hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka nahele coniferous (ʻo ia hoʻi ka spruce). Inā mālie maikaʻi ka mea hoʻonani coniferous, uaʻikeʻia kaʻoihana ma luna ona ma keʻano o ka pūpū o nā pōpō liʻiliʻi o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo uliuli - i nā lālā o nā lau, kahi haʻahaʻa i luna o ka honua,ʻo kēlā me kēia mea ma kona kumu. 
Hoʻokahi'ōkuhi, a hiki i ka 10 knm ke kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke loaʻa i nā lālā palupoli ma kaʻanuʻu (apical) a ma nāʻaoʻao lalo (lalo). Hoʻoulu pinepine nā'ōpuʻu Apical ma waho o ka puka. I loko o ka mundane wahi, ua uhiʻia ke kolo e kahi fuzz rhizoid.
Hāʻaʻia nāʻaoʻao o ka'ōpana hana i ka ovoid-elongated, hiki i ka 10 mm ka lōʻihi, kahi ikiʻia, a kokoke i ka luna - kuhikuhi. Mai 15 ā 20 mau lā i hiki ke ohiʻia i kēlā me kēia pūpū. ʻO nā lālā o kēia nui i manaʻoʻia he nui ma ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana me kekahi mau'ōpū lepo.
Ināʻoe e nānā i ka puka papawai mai kaʻaoʻao, hiki iāʻoe ke nānā i konaʻano like me ka lāʻau pāma. ʻO nā pahu kūpono ma luna o ke kumu ma nā wāwaeʻeleʻele lahilahi, he āpau āpau a hiki ke hiki i ka 18 mau spores.
ʻO kēiaʻano ka mea maʻamau i ke kaona taiga o nā latitudes o ka hapa waena o ka hema, ka mea maʻamau i ka'ākau. Hoʻopukaʻia ma ka Papa Ula. 
Gilokomium
Ua laha loa kēia poho. I ka manawa pinepine i loaʻa i loko o nā ululāʻau coniferous, a pinepine ia i ke kumu o ka puʻu o ka nahele. ʻOi aku i ka'ākau o ka'ākau, kahi nui i nā wahi o nā maneo a me nā wao akua o ka Arctic.
Keʻike neiʻoe? Ua hana nā mōneka Buddha i nā māla a pau o nā'ōpala, ka mea kaulana loa ma loko o kahi monastery kokoke i Kyoto a ua heluʻiaʻo kahi UNESCO Heritage Heritage Site.
Hiki i ka gilokomium ke piʻi aku i kahi he 20 mau kenimika lōʻihi, keʻanoʻulaʻula. ʻO kēlā me kēia'ākala hou e pili ana i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana o ka uluʻana o nā mea ulu a waihoʻia ma lalo pono o ka piko o ka makahiki hope.
Hoʻokumuʻia ke kiko o ke kikola ma nāʻekolu aʻehā paha mau wahi, e hana ana i kahi papa e piʻi ai. ʻO ka'ōpala a me kona mau pani, ua kīpiʻi nuiʻia i nā lau, a he mau'ōmaʻomaʻo lahilahiʻeleʻele iʻikeʻoleʻia me ka maka no ko lākou nui. 
ʻO Sporonosit ka wai o ka gilokomium. Hoʻokumuʻia ka palekana ma luna o ka'ōpala o ka makahiki i hala aku ma luna o nā'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka pahu pahu pumehana, ka liʻiliʻi i ka liʻiliʻi, keʻano iʻa, kahi e waiho ai ma nā'ūpana'āpanaʻulaʻula iki mai 12 a 17 mau spores.
No laila, he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa a he kupaianaha nā mosses ma kona aupuniʻokoʻa i ka honua holoʻokoʻa o nā mea kanu. Hiki i kā lākou aʻoʻana ke hoʻohana i kona ola a pau, a ua nui nā mea huna i koeʻole.
Hoʻokahi mea e hiki ke'ōlelo me ka maopopo: ināʻaʻohe mosses,ʻaʻole loa ka honua, no ka mea,ʻo kēia mau mea kanu ka mea e hoʻolako ai i nā hanana olaola, aʻo ko mākou nohona nohona ka mea hanaʻole me kaʻole o lākou.
Nāʻike mai ka pūnaewele
