Nā hauhi o kahi govorushka: nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā mea nui o keʻano

Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻiʻia nā mea'anakahi kahi e kiʻi aiʻo govorushki - ma loko o kēia mau halo ka mea likeʻole. Ma mua o kou hoʻounaʻana aku i kaʻike i ka hīnaʻi, ponoʻoe eʻike pono i keʻano o nā mea e kamaʻilio ana iā ia. Ināʻaʻohe mea kānalua loa e hiki keʻaiʻia, he mea maikaʻiʻole ke lawe. Ma lalo nei mākou e noʻonoʻo ai i nāʻano o keʻano o nāʻano govorushek:'ōnika, hōʻalu, anise, kīʻaha a me nāʻano'ē aʻe (hiki keʻai a me ka hikiʻole).

Nā huahana:

• Pūʻulu hua
• ʻOi
• Kaʻao
• Records
• Pau ka pau
• Ke hālaha a me kaʻimi ecology govorushek
• ʻO Hoʻomeheu Mushroom
• Hihihihihihihihihi
• ʻO kaʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo
• ʻO Winter
• Pono hiki keʻai
• ʻO Aniseed
• Pākē
• Ke kīʻaha
• ʻO Bulavonogaya
• ʻO Smoky
• ʻO Orange
• ʻO Undercut
• Kaumaha
• ʻO Giant
• Kūkākūkā paʻakikī
• ʻO Whitish
• Pale keʻokeʻo (hina)
• ʻO ka'ōlena kala
• Hoʻopiliʻia
• ʻO Grooved
• Kāleʻa
• Hoʻohuliʻia
• Pākī nuiʻia
• Hōʻike

Nāʻike a me ka weheweheʻana o ka genus

I ka poʻe, uaʻikeʻia kēia mau pūlaʻi'ahuʻula ma lalo o nā inoa govorushka, aʻo ryadovka. Ma Rūsia, kapaʻia nā haohao i ke kūkākūkā no ka uluʻana o ka puʻupuʻu: ma hope o kekahi luna o kēiaʻano, aia nō heʻumi o kona mau pilina o nāʻano likeʻole, me he mea lā ua'ākoakoa nā lehulehu a pau e kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi.

Hōʻuluʻuluʻikeʻenehana govorushek:

• ke kino - Clitocybe;
• no loko o ka 'Oihana o Basidiomycets;
• ka papa o nā agaricomycetes;
• inoa maʻamau - agaric;
• no kaʻohana ryadovkovyh.

He mea nui! ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau no ka kuhihewaʻana o nā meaʻanaka haipule a kūlana i nā haloki likeʻole mai nāʻohana'ē aʻe a hiki i govorushkas. He mea pono e hōʻiliʻiliʻo ka govorushki (ryadovki) nā mea'anakahi mushroom "me kaʻike", no ka mea he maʻalahi ka lalauʻana i nāʻano likeʻole.

Ua māheleʻia nā mea'ōlelo i:

• hiki ke komo;
• hiki ke hoʻolaʻaʻia;
• nā mea make.

Hiki keʻaiʻia nā goboshes eʻaiʻia ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana. ʻO kā lākouʻokoʻa mai ko lākou mau meaʻawaʻawa,ʻo ko lākou mau lae he keʻokeʻo aʻaʻole keʻano o kaʻala.

Eʻike i nāʻano hauʻoli kūpono a me nā mea kanu i kaulanaʻole.

Pūʻulu hua

ʻAʻohe o ke kino o ka kino i ka nui, ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi,ʻoi aku ka lōkahi, me nā lei iʻoi aku ma mua o elima mau kenimika. ʻOiai he'ōpiopio ka mushroom, ua loli ke kino hua keʻokeʻo. Ma nā'āhiu kahiko, ulu, nalowale kona'āpana a lilo iʻeleʻele.

ʻOi

ʻO nāʻano maʻamau o nā kīpala pahu he liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka 6 'wide ka laulā, akā, no ka mea, he lawaiʻa nui ka 20 cm. ʻO ka mushroom i puka wale mai i waho o ka lepo he palepoepoe, ua hoʻohuliʻia kona mauʻaoʻao i loko. Ma hope o ka manawa, pale ka pahu a hoʻonui i ke anawaena. Ma nā pūlaʻi kuʻi, hiki ke kiʻi i kahiʻaoʻao'ē aʻe a lawe pū i keʻano o kahi kīʻaha. ʻO kaʻaoʻao waho o ka pāpale haʻalulu me ka uluʻole o ka ulu, me ka liʻiliʻiʻole, maʻemaʻe, akā, he mauʻano'ē paha ma laila, ma keʻano o ka maʻemaʻe -ʻo kēia mau mea i koe o ka mycelium mushroom. Hiki paha i nāʻano keʻokeʻo he nui: keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo, keʻohinahina, keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele a me nāʻano oka. Ma ka waenakonu o ka pāpale, uaʻoi aku ka momona o kaʻeleʻele, a ma nāʻaoʻao eʻikeʻia ana e mae a pale.

Kaʻao

ʻAʻole kaʻeleʻele o ka wāwae, ma keʻano o ka hakahaka,ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i kaʻano o nā lālani a me ko lākou mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ka wāwae he 3 a 8 knm, aʻo kona mānoanoa e like ia me ka 5 mm a 2-3 knm. He manawa kokoke i kahi kokoke i ka lepo e ulu ana i ka wāwae mushroom.

He meaʻono ia eʻike i nāʻohu liʻiliʻi e ulu ana ma Mei.

Records

ʻO nā papa ma nā lālani heʻano māmā nāʻano likeʻole, e pili ana me kahi pae hāpapa. ʻO nā papa pāʻani a Anise

Pau ka pau

ʻO nā'ōpiopio iʻikeʻia e like me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo aʻeleʻele.

Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO kekahi o nā pegiuliarities o nā haʻiki e pili ana i govorushki ko lākouʻano maʻamau o ka ulu. I ka wā Ma waena, ua nānāʻia nā hamo i keʻano o nā'ōpuni kekahi hōʻailona o kahi wahi haumia aʻaʻole i kapaʻia he mea'ē aʻe "me nā kahakaha". A laila, manaʻo lākou e paʻa loa kēlā mau hōʻailona ma hope o nā hula hula e alakaʻiʻia e nāʻuhaneʻino.

Ke hālaha a me kaʻimi ecology govorushek

ʻO ka genuscy Clitcybe he 250 mauʻiole. I Russia, Ukraine a me Belarus e pili ana i kahi mau hanana 100 o kēia mushroom e ulu nei, kekahi o lākou he lāʻau make loa. I kekahi manawa he paʻakikī loa kaʻikeʻana i nā meaʻawaʻawa mai ka meaʻai aʻaiʻia paha, no ka mea, uaʻano like lākou me kekahi.

Loaʻa nā'ōhū 'ōlelo waha ma nā wahi a pau o nā mokuahi waena: ma ka Russian Federation (mai ke Komohana hikina a ka Moscow Region), Ukraine, Belarus, Pelekania, Pelekia, a ma kekahi mau'āina'Asia. Hiki ke loaʻaʻo Clitocybe ma nā mahinaʻai, nā mahinaʻai, nā ulu lāʻau spruce.

No ka mālamaʻiaʻana o nā pūmoa hou no kahi manawa pōkole loa, ponoʻoe eʻike pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ai iā lākou, hoʻokuʻu, pilale aiʻole maloʻo.

ʻO Hoʻomeheu Mushroom

ʻO nāʻanoʻano likeʻole o ka ryadovok i ke kukeʻana i hoʻohanaʻia e like me kēia:

• i ka manawa e hoʻomoʻa ai i nā mea 'aila;
• 'ōwiliʻia me nā mea kanu;
• stew pūʻano;
• ia ma luna o lākou e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka hana a me ka mālamaʻana i nā mea ulu;
• kālepa kālepa'ati;
• i hukiʻia a'ōwiliʻia no ka hoʻoilo;
• ua maloʻo kekahi mauʻano.

Hāʻalo kēia mau hamo i kēlāʻano i kēiaʻano meaʻai, no ka mea, he meaʻai loloa kalo. Aia nā pāpale o nā'ōlaʻi'ōpiopio i ka nui o nā mea pono i nā kānaka:

• nā palekana huaʻona;
• fiber;
• amino acids;
• nā mea'enele;
• B huaʻai;
• nā mea nui;
• nā kumu uila.

Hiki i nā'ōpū ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka nui o nā pahu cholesterol i loko o ke koko o ke kanaka,ʻo ka hoʻokomoʻana i loko o ka meaʻai ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hana o ka'ōpala me nā'ōpū. Hoʻomaopopo nā poʻe kuʻuna o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻohana i nā'āpana antibacterial o kēia'aleʻa, hoʻohana lākou i ke kīpoko i kāna kōkua, aʻo ka klitocybin i loko o ia'āpana o ka lāʻau anti-epileptic.

Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO ka moa punahele o ka'āpana Armillaria e noho kokoke he 15 heketa o ka lepo. Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻeʻepekema e hoʻopauʻia kēia āpau āpau ma lalo o ka lepo a ma ka honua ma o nā hana o ka pūʻulu mush. Ua hōʻikeʻia kēia i ka poʻe heluhelu e ka nūpepa "New York Times" i ka makahiki 1992.

Hihihihihihihihihi

ʻO ka pūniu,ʻo ka inoa Latinʻo Clitocybe gibba, he mea momona maikaʻi loa ia, aʻo ia paha ka mīkini maʻamau i loko o ka ululāʻau. ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• Ke piʻiʻia ka pāpale o kahi mīkini makua i ke kiʻekiʻe ma keʻano o kekahi pola,ʻo ka laulā mai ke'ākau ai kekahi'ākau he 10-12 knm.ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pāpale e pili kokoke ana i ka maka eʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a lilo i kaʻawa. Hiki ke loli ke kala mai ke kalaʻula (ʻulaʻula) i nā'alehe o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo (melemele, ka pua). ʻO kaʻiʻo o ka pāpale he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo paha, he'ōmaʻomaʻo kalamele paha, he pua alamona iki, ua hiki ke maʻalahi.
• He leʻaleʻa ka wāwae, ma keʻano o ka'ōneʻeneʻe aʻoi aʻe paha ma luna o ka cylinder me nā huelo lōʻihi. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā wāwae ke hiki i ka 6-6.5 wmm.ʻO ke kele he hoʻokahi aʻelua mau māmā paha ma mua o ke kala o ka pāpale.
• He hakahaka nā papa, pinepineʻia. Ua keʻokeʻo ka puaʻa'ōmaʻomaʻo,ʻo kaʻelemakule - i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, mai ka lihi o ke pāpale i lalo iho i ke kumu o ka hakina.
• Wahi'āpana -ʻO Rūkia,'Elemelika,ʻAmelika Hema.
• Kahi e hana ai: ma nā paka a me nā mahi ulu lāʻau. Alohaʻo ia iʻelua mau'ūkau a me nā ululāʻau. ʻOi aku ia i nā wahi kukui, no laila, ua loaʻa pinepineʻia nā laha ma kaʻaoʻao o kahi alanui o ka ululāʻau, ma kahi ākea.

Voronovaya govorushka maikaʻi, akā,'eleno loa kona kino. No ka hanaʻana i nā'ōpena mushroom'ōpio. ʻO ke kinona kūpona o nā wāwae o kēia haloku ka liʻiliʻi, no ka mea ua paʻakikī keʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka wela.

Eʻike i nā meaʻono hiki keʻai a me nā meaʻawaʻawa e ulu ana ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau.

ʻO kaʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka'ōlelo'alanila keʻokeʻo,ʻo ka inoa Latinʻo Clitocybe robusta, he mea momona a momona.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale he kino a heʻeleʻele, 5 a 20 cm ka laulā.ʻO ka'ōlepele'ōpiopio he hemispherical, e hoʻohuli i lalo, i ka uluʻana, huli i kahi pale kelepona aiʻole e nānā paha i ke kīpili me ka maka pālahalaha. ʻO ke kele mai keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (hina) i kaʻalima melemele, ma ka mīkini kahiko ka pauʻole o ke kapa'ahuʻula a kokoke i keʻokeʻo, ma luna o kaʻilikai kahi'āpana'ōpala. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e like me ka pauma'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• Kaʻao. Ma nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio he mānoanoa ma lalo o ka honua (club-shaped), ke ulu o kaʻelemakule, e hoʻopili ana i ka'ōwili, akā, ua loaʻa i ka wāwae ka meaʻoi aku i kokoke i ke kumu. ʻO nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio,'aloʻolo, me kaʻole o nā kiko. I loko o ka mīkini kahiko, ua maʻaleʻa ka wāwae, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele a me kaʻala maikaʻi o ka hua.
• ʻO ka pāʻani - i ka manawa ma lalo o ka pāpale, e emi iho ana. ʻO nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio - keʻokeʻo, ke keʻokeʻo - he melemele hōʻoluʻolu paha.
• Wahi'āpana - ka Pākehā, ka Hikina hikina.
• Kahi kahi e loaʻa ai: makemake i nā ululāʻau me ka nui o nā lāʻau kaʻa a iʻole nā ​​kāpuni i huiʻia i ka lāʻau'olai a me kaʻoka. 'Ikoʻo ia i nā'āpana kūpono (nā'āpana, nā koa) a me nā'āpana liʻiliʻi a coniferous. Hoʻonui ia i nā hui ā 5 a 40 mau'āpana, ua hoʻonohonohoʻia nā haloo i nā apo, i nā'āpana'āpana aiʻole i nā lālani,ʻaʻole lākou e hua i nā hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki a heʻole.
• ʻO ka mea hiki ke pilikia: hiki ke hoʻopūpilikiʻiʻia nā mea'ānanaka kūponoʻole me ka'ōhinu'ōpiopio paʻakikī, kahi mea koʻikoʻi nui keʻanoʻono o kahi haʻalulu make.

He meaʻono loa i ka mushroom, hoʻohanaʻia ma nāʻano kīʻaha hanu: ka'ohua, ka'ōniʻoki, ka'ōpala, ka paʻakai a me ka hoʻohanaʻia. Ma mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana o kekahi o kēia mau pāʻina, kahi pono e hoʻolapalapa ai hoʻokahi manawa no 15-20 mau minuke, a ma hope iho ua holoiʻia nā hamo i ka wai wai. Ua makaukau kēia huahana kūʻikuʻu no ke kālaʻau hou.

Keʻike neiʻoe? Hiki i kekahi mauʻano ryadovok hiki ke hoʻomohala i ke kukui phosphorescent, e like me ka lawaiʻaʻeleʻele (Clitocybe rivulosa) i ka pō e hoʻonani i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻO Winter

ʻO ka'ōloheloheʻo Govorushka,ʻo ka inoa Latinʻo Clitocybe brumalis, he mea momona maikaʻi. ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka'ōpale he 5-6 cm ka laulā, ma loko o kahi mīkini i hōʻea mai i ka lepo, heʻano hoʻohālike konaʻano. I kahiʻohi nui, hoʻoneʻe ia i kahi palahalaha, i ka wā kahiko i lawe houʻia i ke kīʻaha. Ma ke kiko waena, he lahilahi ka pāpale, a ma ka liʻiliʻi e lilo i keʻanoʻeleʻele a lilo i keʻawa. ʻO ke kele o ka pāpale he monekō,'ōpaka'ōmaʻomaʻo, me ka lōʻihi o ka'ōʻana o ka'ōlinolino o ke kala. He palupalu ke kino mushroom, hoʻopihaʻia me kahi meaʻala. Ke hoʻomaloʻoʻia,'eʻokeʻo ke kino, a me nā momona piha.
• ʻO ka wāwae ka longitudinal-fiber, ma keʻano o kahi kaʻa. He kiʻekiʻe - 3-4 cm, ka lahilahi - a hiki i 50 mm. ʻO ke kala o nā wāwae e like me ke kala o ka pāpale; i ka manawa, ua maʻalahi ke kala o nā meaʻelua (faded) i nā kani.
• He pinepine a kuiki nā papa i ka ihoʻana. ʻO ke kala o nā papa heʻeleʻele a heʻulaʻula-keʻokeʻo.
• ʻO ka māhelehele o ka māheleʻanaʻo ka pae Pākehā ia o ka Russian Federation, nā mauna o ka hikina hikina, nā paepae o ka Caucasus, Ukraine, Polani, Kelemānia, Denmark,'Afelika ('ākau) a meʻAmelika.
• Kahi e hana ai:ʻo ka hauʻoli o ka hauʻoliʻo ka hauʻoliʻo ka hauʻoliʻo ka hauʻoli. Kahi maikaʻi e ulu i ka mea kanu pine.

He mea momona maikaʻi loa, he nani kūpono, hoʻohanaʻia i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā papa mua a me ka lua. He maikaʻi loa hoʻi i ka pickles a me ka marinades.

Pono hiki keʻai

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana ma waena o nā pūʻali me nā haʻakai me kaʻohe liʻiliʻi ke hikiʻole ke hoʻohanaʻia me ka hana muaʻole. Pono kekahi mea e pono ai ka mea kanu (hiki paha i kekahi manawa) a me ka holoiʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe. ʻO nāʻanoʻano haʻalulu'ē aʻe e lawa ai no kahi mau hola i hoʻokahi aʻoi aʻe paha o ka wai. Hiki keʻaiʻia kēia mau hamo, akā, pono lākou e hana mua i ka wela.

ʻO Aniseed

Ma ka'ōlelo'onilo, ma ka Latin ka inoa e like me Clitocybe odora. I ka manawa pinepineʻia kēia inoa i ka meaʻala aʻala. ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale he 4 a 9 'īmene ka laulā,ʻo keʻano i hoʻomaka mua i keʻano, e ulu ana, e hele pololei i kahi moku'āina. I kekahi manawa i waenakonu o ka pāpale, ua hoʻokumuʻia kahi pūpū kaumaha. ʻO ka lepe heʻanoʻulaʻula,'ahuʻula keʻokeʻo, he laumā ka pāpale. ʻO ka pulp mushroom heʻano likeʻole ka wai, kahi'āhina hina a me kahi kūpono o ka anise anise. Ua lilo kēia honi i kumu no nā mea i hōʻikeʻia aʻe nei.
• ʻO ka wāwae, heʻeleʻele,ʻeleʻele a he lāʻauʻoliva paha, ma keʻano o kahi'elelani elongated, i paʻapū i lalo. ʻO ke kino o ke kiko e kokoke kokoke ana i ka lepo e hoʻopiliʻia me ka mycelium.
• Aia nā papa ma lalo o ka pāpale, ākea. Paʻa kala - pale'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• Kahi e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia - Nā mauna hikina, nā paepae o ka Caucasus,ʻEulopa.
• Kahi e hanaʻia ai: i nā'ōlaʻi a me nā kumulāʻau. ʻO ka piko o ka ulu ulu ulu i ka waena o Kepakemapa.
• Me ka mea hiki ke pilikia - ma ka laina (govorushku) anise e nānā like loa me kahi hua govorashka. Hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo iā lākou i nā kala:ʻo ka hope loa he'ōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻO ka mushroom no kaʻano o ka mea hiki ke loaʻa, no laila pono ia e hoʻomākaukauʻia no 15-20 mau minuke. Ma hope o ka hamoʻana o ka wela, e nalowale kona ala. Ua manaʻoʻiaʻo ia heʻanoʻano momona o keʻano o nā meaʻai maʻamau,ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohana nuiʻia no ka salting.

Pākē

He meaʻala,ʻo ka inoa Latinʻo Clitocybe fragrans.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale heʻano nui kona,ʻo ka laulā mai ke 'ai a hiki i ke kaona - mai 3 a 6 cm. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka uluʻana, he mea maʻamau ia, ma hope aku ua kū pololei a kūlou i kaʻaoʻao'ē aʻe, e loaʻa i nāʻaoʻao o kaʻaoʻao. ʻO keʻano o ka pāpale heʻano likeʻole ia i ke kala mai ka yellowish-hina a hiki i ka ocher o ke ala, e like paha ka nani. ʻO ka pulp pulupulu he palupalu, he'aleʻa, he keʻokeʻo. Ke uhaʻiʻia ka pulp, loheʻia kaʻala o anise. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e like me ka pauma'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• Ke piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe i 3-5 cm, ka lahilahi - mai 50 mm a 1 knm.ʻO keʻano o ka wāwae heʻano maʻamau, ma keʻano o kahi cylinder elongated, pālahalaha. Hoʻohui mau ka laulula me ka lei o ka pāpale,ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mauʻano likeʻole o nā leoʻeleʻele-hina.
• He hakahaka nā papa, pinepineʻia ma luna o ka pāpale, e iho mālie ana i ka piko. ʻO ke kala o nā papa i keʻokeʻo, ma nā'āwaha kahiko iʻeleʻele.
• Wahi'āpana - ka Pākehā,ʻAmelika Hema,ʻAkau'Ākau.
• Kahi e hana ai: ma ka conifers, a me nā mea kanu i kanuʻia, hoʻolālā ka huahelu nui i ka waena o Kepakemapa. Noho nā'ōhi a hiki i ka hopena o ka makahikiʻOkakopa mua, i loko o ke kauwela mahana a me ka ua, hiki i ka huaʻai ke hoʻomau a hiki i ka hopena oʻOkakopa. Hoʻonaniʻo Rowing me kahi hui nui a mau lālani paha, mai 5-7 a 50 mau hakina ma kahi hoʻokahi.
• ʻO ka mea hiki ke pilikia pū me kahi meaʻai hoʻonaiʻia ke helu helu anisiki,ʻo ka mea nui ma waena o kēia mauʻano, heʻanoʻeleʻele ia o ka meaʻala.

ʻAʻole kūlana kaulana i waena o ka mea nānā i nā mea'ōhukai, akā heʻano maikaʻi nāʻano. Laweʻia ia i ka hui o nā meaʻai kūpono, eʻaiʻia ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka wela (kahi e hoʻoulu ai i 20 mau minuke). Loaʻa hoʻohanaʻia no ka pihi a me ka huki.

Ke kīʻaha

Gobleushka kīʻaha, inoa inoa Latin e like me Clitocybe cyathiformis. ʻAʻole iʻike kekahi poʻe e hiki keʻaiʻia kēia mau hamo.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale 4 a 8 cm ka laulā, ma keʻano o kahi kīʻaha hohonu a me ka hamo. ʻO kaʻili o ka pāpale he lapa, keʻaʻa, he palupalu a he siliki (ma ke kauwela), a me ka moʻouka i ka ua. ʻO ke kala, heʻeleʻele, grayish,ʻo keʻano o ka pulp (like keʻano o nāʻano kelepona). ʻO ka'ōwili pulp ka wai. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e like me ka pauma'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• ʻO kahi kiʻekiʻe (4-7 cm), lahilahi (a hiki i 50 mm), kokoke kokoke i ka lepo. ʻO kona lepe like me ia o ke pāpale pāpale, aiʻole he 2-3 mau māmā. ʻO ka'ōpala paʻakīpī pa'ū, paʻakikī.
• ʻAʻole i liʻiliʻi keʻano o nā papa, e iho mālie ana mai ka pāpale i ke kolo,ʻo ko lākouʻahu ma ke aka like me ka pāpale pāpale, akā he maʻa iki.
• ʻO ka māhele'āina he mau'āina'Elepa ia a me ka māhele Pākehā o ka Russian Federation.
• Kahi kahi e loaʻa ai: nā mīkī a me nā mea kanu i kanuʻia, nā kaula o ka nahele a me nā wahi kauhale. Ulu mai ka mycelium ma luna o ka wahie lāʻau a me ka piluna coniferous. E ulu i nā hui a hoʻokahi.
• He aha ka mea e hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia me: nāʻano haohao i likeʻole me kahi pūniu pūnana, akāʻokoʻa keʻano o iaʻano ma keʻano o kahi pāpale, keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, kahi'ōpili ākea me ka pulpʻeleʻele.

Ma hope o kahi pōkole paila i loko o ka waiʻauʻau (20 mau minuke), hiki iāʻoe ke paʻakai a hoʻomākaukau paha i nā hoʻomākaukau hoʻomaha i marinade.

ʻO Bulavonogaya

ʻO ka'ōlelo liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, inoa Latinʻo Clitocybe kope. He mau inoa'ē aʻe kona (Tolstonog, pūʻulu).

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• He lahilahi ka pāpale, a hiki i ka 8 knm.ʻO ka'ōpiopio'ōpiopio keʻano hoʻohālike, a laila ua hele pololei i ka palahalaha, ua hoʻolimalimaʻia nā hamo i ke kiwi i'ōwiliʻia i loko o kahi hamo. ʻO ka "hoʻokipa" me kahi kihi'ākau,ʻo kona'ahuʻula he hui o nāʻaʻahuʻeleʻele a hina, a ua pau ka manawa. ʻO ka pulp o ke poʻoleka he waiʻu, he palupalu a he pupule, he pua nani.
• Hoʻopuniʻia ka'ōpū i ka lepo, a laila - kepoe,ʻo keʻano o keʻano a like me ka wahine i hoʻololiʻia. He kiʻekiʻe - mai ka 5 a 8 knm, ka lahilahi - 50-70 mm. ʻO ka pulp pulp'ōpiopio, keʻokeʻo, me kaʻole o nā kiko. Ma kaʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa i hoʻonuiʻia, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mycelium i keʻano o kahi plaque.
• ʻAʻole i hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia nā papahele, ma mua o ka lauoho-keʻokeʻo, i ka wā e ulu aʻe ai ka haʻiki a loaʻa iā lākou he'ōmaʻomaʻo māmā. Hiki i lalo o ka pāpale a iho i lalo i ka wāwae.
• ʻO ka mahele o ka'āpana'āinaʻoʻEulopa, nā paepae o ka Caucasus, nā puʻu o ka Hikina hikina a me kaʻaoʻao Siberia.
• Где встречается: в листовых посадках и смешанных с берёзами хвойниках. Говорушку булавоногую можно увидеть растущей в больших количествах и поодиночке. Первые грибы вырастают во второй декаде августа, наибольшее плодоношение наступает в сентябре, последние грибы можно встретить даже в конце октября.

Вкус у них весьма посредственный, хотя после термической обработки можно кушать. ʻO kaʻaila ma kahi i hoʻomolaʻia ai nā'ōmoa (ua loaʻa i nā toxins), holoiʻia nā hamo i loko o ka wai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a ma hope wale nō hiki ke kuke. Hoʻopihaʻia kēiaʻano kuke kuke, kālua, paʻi, paʻakai a hoʻokaheʻia.

He mea nui! Inā makemakeʻoe eʻahaʻaina me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka mea inu waiʻona,ʻaʻole loa e hoʻokauʻia ka pāpale ma ka papa - me ka inu waiʻona, e lilo loa kēia mushroom i meaʻino.

ʻO Smoky

ʻO ka'ōleloʻono iki, ma ka Latin ka inoa o kona inoa e like me ka Clipcycybe nebularis. Ke kapaʻia nei kēiaʻanoʻo Govorushkoy ka lauoho. Hoʻomohala nāʻoihana olakino i nā lāʻau'alepene i loko o kēia mau'ōpū a hoʻomākaukau i nā lāʻau i hoʻoikaikaʻia.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ke poʻoleka heʻano a he nui paha,ʻo ka palena o ke anawaena he 23 knm, he laumā a nani ke nānā. Hiki i nāʻili ke lilo i nā keo a pau o ke oho hina, pale keʻokeʻo, a me ke kōmalena pale. ʻO ke poʻo o nā'ōhiʻi'ōpiopio he kiko'ī, ma keʻano haʻahaʻa i lalo, ma ke kikowaena hiki keʻike i kahi hoʻoulu. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, he leʻoleʻa ka pāpale, a he lahilahi aʻeleʻele kona mauʻaoʻao. I ka wā o ka haʻalū, heʻeleʻele ke kino, he pālahalaha, he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka lau o ka pulp i ka lewaʻaʻole e loli,ʻo ka leʻaleʻa keʻoluʻolu. ʻO keʻala o ka mea'opiʻa ryvodovki e hōʻike ana i nā hua'ōpiopio,ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ua like konaʻano me kaʻala o nā mea ulu.
• ʻO ka wāwae heʻeleʻele a he lōʻihi,ʻo kaʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa he'eliʻalua aʻo ka lua i ke keleʻele me ka mea nui, ke kiʻekiʻe mai 5 a 15 knm. He hiki keʻoluʻolu a uhiʻia me ka pā o ke kala keʻokeʻo. Aia nā'ōlaʻi'ōpiopio i kahi'ōpala nui, ulu nui a lilo loa i hollow. ʻO ke kala no nā'enekaʻelua he māmā ma mua o ke kala o ka pāpale.
• He lahilahi nā papa a loaʻa pinepineʻia,ʻo nāʻano likeʻole o ke one o ke one,ʻaʻole hoʻokomo i ka pūhuʻu mushroom, a pili ponoʻole i ka pāpale.
• Mahele o ka māheleʻana - ma nā'āina i ka Northern Hemisphere,ʻo kēia mau pūlaʻi e like me kahi hauʻoli.
• Kahi e loaʻa ai: ma nā māla wao nahele, nā ululāʻau ulu, ma nā pā hale, ma nā coniferous a me nā wao coniferous-deciduous. Nā hua mai nā makahiki mua oʻAukake a hiki i waena o Nowemapa (me kaʻauheʻe iki). Ua makemakeʻo Mycelium e noho ma luna o nā lāʻau palaho, kokoke i nā kumu lāʻau fir a me nā pākeke. Ke ulu neiʻo ia i loko o nā hui nui,ʻo ia hoʻi ka "mau'āpiopio makama".
• ʻO ka mea hiki ke pilikia: hiki i ka mea puhi ke like me ka holumomona tinomomo (Entoloma sinuatum). ʻO keʻokoʻa, he papaʻulaʻula nā Entoloma sinuatum a me ka pāpale o ka kala melelenaʻeleʻele.

ʻO kēia govorushki ka mea e hana muaʻia (e hoʻolapalapaʻia i loko o ka wai paila no 20-25 mau minuke). Ināʻaʻoleʻoe e hoʻolapalapa no ka lōʻihi, hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa ka maʻi'ōpū ikaika. Ma hope o ka kukeʻana, hoʻoemiʻia ka leo e ka hapalua. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ko lākou leʻa.

ʻO Orange

Hāʻawiʻia kaʻalani, ka inoa Latinʻo Lepiota aspera,ʻo kēia inoa nui o ka mushroom i ka inoa o kona inoa.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• He lahilahi ka pāpale, ka laulā - mai ka 5 a 22 knm,ʻaʻole i'ālohilohi kaʻili. ʻOi ka'ōmaʻomaʻo: nā'ōniu a pau o kaʻalani, nāʻahu a me nā'āpana haʻalulu i'ōleʻa a lilo iʻeleʻele'ōmaʻomaʻuʻeleʻele, aiʻole nā'āpanaʻeleʻele iʻikeʻia. I nā'ōpiopio, ke kīpikipiki i keʻano o kahi bele i hoʻohuliʻia, i ka wā e ulu aiʻo ia, e hele pololei a lilo i pololei, a ma hope iho e loaʻa iā ia keʻano kaumaha. Keʻikeʻia nei kekahi kōpili liʻiliʻi i waenakonu, ua hoʻololiʻia nāʻaoʻao. Ma keʻoki, he keʻokeʻo ke kino o ke poʻo, i ka wā eʻikeʻia ai i ka oxygen,ʻaʻole e loli ke kala, eʻikeʻia ka'alamona.
• ʻO ka wāwae he'ōwili keʻano, he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe mai 6 a 15 knm. ʻO ke kala o nā wāwae e like me ke kala o ka pāpale, a iʻole he leo māmā.
• Pāʻani'ōmaʻomaʻo aiʻole kaʻaila.
• Kahi e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia - nā'āinaʻo Eurasia, kahi e hoʻolālā ai ke aniau.
• Kahi kahi e loaʻa ai: ma nāʻaoʻao o nā alanui nahele, nā'āpana ululāʻau, nā ululāʻau nui. Ke aloha nei i nā ululāʻau ulu likeʻole (nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kuihi), nā kukui maikaʻi.
• He aha ka mea e hiki ke huikau me: kaʻalani e like me ka mea haʻi'ōlelo nui, akā e like me ka piko i waenakonu o ka pāpale, a me kahiʻahaʻawaʻawa keʻokeʻo, ka mea i hoʻopiʻiʻia kona pāpale me kahi kīʻaha lima (e like me ka palaoa).

ʻO kaʻalani Govorushka i kaʻokiʻoki Loaʻa nā pulupalu maikaʻi o nā pāpale'ōpiopio, he kūpono ia no nā papa mua a me kaʻelua (me ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻia o nā pūpū).

Keʻike neiʻoe? ʻO kekahi o nā nāhiʻano'ēʻole i ka honua nei,ʻo ia ka hydnellum Peck, aʻo ka inoaʻelua ka mea i unuhiʻia "ka niho e puka ana". Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia e hōʻike pololei ana ka inoa i keʻano o ka hakina. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha kupaianaha,ʻaʻole ia he meaʻawaʻawa, akā, hōʻeha ia i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka me keʻanoʻono a me kaʻawaʻawa nui. Ke ulu nei kēia hana mana ma'Europa a ma kekahi mau mokupuni o ka Moana Pākīpika i loko o nā ululāʻau.

ʻO Undercut

Ke kāʻei Govorushka, inoa Latinʻo Clitocybe geotropa. ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• He nunui a me ke kino ka pāpale, he melelena-kōmaʻomaʻo, ke anawaena - mai 12 a 20 knm, i keʻano o keʻano o keʻano like me kahi knoll liʻiliʻi, a laila lilo i keʻano o ke kinetope (me kahi piko ma waenakonu). ʻO ka pulp o ke poʻoleka he koʻikoʻi. Ma ka'ā'ī o nā'ōpopo'ōpiopio, ke kino o ka pāpale maloʻo, wehe, keʻokeʻo, ma kaʻelemakule - keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele, me kahi meaʻalaʻoluʻoluʻole.
• ʻO ka'ūhā he pulp lepo nui a me ka'ōpiopio (ka mycelium e hele mai ana) i ke kumu, lōʻihi - mai 10 a 20 cm, ke anawaena - 2-3 cm.
• Kū pinepineʻia nā papa i kahi manawa, e iho mālie ana i ka wāwae o ka mushroom. ʻO ke kele i nā'ōpopo'ōpiopio keʻokeʻo, ma luna o kaʻelemakule - kōmaʻomaʻo.
• ʻO ka māhele'āina, he mau'āinaʻEulopa ia, ka palena'āina loa.
• Kahi e hanaʻia ai: i loko o nā ulu lāʻau a me nā ulu lāʻau ulu lāʻau, ma nāʻaoʻao'ākau. ʻIkeʻo ia i nā papa ulu lāʻau ulu a me ka lepo lime, ulu i nā apo pepeiao, kahi 20 mai 50 mau halo (nui a nui). Hoʻomaka i ka huaʻai i ke kauwela, mai ka waena o ke kauwela, a me ka uluʻana o ka mycelium e hoʻomau mau ana a hiki i ka hopena oʻOkakopa.
• He aha ka mea e hiki ke pilikia me: he mea like me kahiʻawaʻawa make. He maʻalahi kaʻike, no ka mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka pūlaʻi keʻokeʻo: kahi kīpili me kahi pahu i waenakonu a ma keʻano o kahi pūkuno i hoʻokuʻuʻia, kona wāwae me ka'ōwiliʻoleʻia i lalo, a'ālū kaʻiʻo i ka leʻaleʻa. Inā hana hewaʻoe aʻai i ka entomus, hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa i ka'ōpū huhū nui.

ʻO nā'ōpiopio'ōpiopio ka mea kūpono i nā meaʻai. He mea pono e hōʻalo i nā pūlaʻi kahiko, no ka mea, ua lilo i mea paʻakikī a maikaʻiʻole ma hope o ka kukeʻana.

Kaumaha

Ka mea kamaʻilio'ōlelo hoʻopuka, ma ka'ōlelo Latina i kapaʻiaʻo Clitocybe pruinosa.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale he 3 a 4 'īmita ka laulā,ʻo ka'olihi mua he kahi hāpili ia, kahi liʻiliʻi ma hope aku - nui concave, me ke kikoo, a ma kekahi mauʻaoʻaoʻaoʻao. ʻO ke kalaʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele paha me kahi mālamalama o waena o ke pāpale. He keʻokeʻo ka pulp ma kahi pā. He pua nani o ka kukumba. ʻO nā'āpana i hoʻomākaukauʻia me nā meaʻala likeʻole.
• ʻO ka wāwae he'ōmaʻomaʻo,ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kaʻulaʻula, a hiki i ka 4 knm ka lōʻihi, a hiki i 30 mm ka mānoanoa. Leʻaleʻa me kaʻokoʻaʻole, ka lepe, kaʻulaʻula, a me ka haʻalulu o ka'ahuʻula me ka hat.
• Ua kūiki nā papa, pinepine, e iho mau ana i ka wāwae. Ma nāʻohu kahiko - i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, ma ka'ōpiopio - keʻokeʻo.
• ʻO ka māhele'āina ka'āina o ka'āinaʻEulopa.
• Kahi kahi e loaʻa ai: spruce, pine a hui pū me nā ululāʻau i ka nui o ka lā. Hoʻonuiʻia i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka puna (ʻo Mei a pau), hiki i nā manawa ma mua aʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

He mea nui! ʻAʻoleʻikeʻia ka pono no ka meaʻai -ʻikeʻole kaʻike ma nāʻano likeʻole.

ʻO Giant

ʻO Govorushka ka mea lapaʻauʻo Leucopaxillus giganteus, he loeaʻano koʻikoʻi kēia mai ka lālā o ka meaʻai.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ke pāpale he kiko'ī, a hoʻonui ka manawa a lilo i loko o ka pūkuno e nānā i luna, he lahilahi nāʻaoʻao, e huki i luna. Hiki i nāʻokoʻa maʻamau i ka 13-15 cm, akā i kekahi manawa he poʻe nunui me ka pāpale kala o 30-35 cm.ʻO ka lepo me ka'ōmoleʻole, maʻemaʻe, akā (ma muli o ka hanaʻana o ka lepo) ua uhiʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo o ka pāpale he keʻokeʻo kēmahina, i kekahi manawa kekahiʻano kukui beige liʻiliʻi, he keʻokeʻo ke kino ma ka wāwae, he'alama ka meaʻala a he meaʻoluʻolu maikaʻi. Ināʻoe eʻono i ka'ōhū'ōpala o nā pūʻakai mua loa i meaʻai, a laila e kaumaha loa.
• He kiʻekiʻe ke kapuaʻi (8-10 cm) aʻo ka lahilahi (3-4 knm) keʻokeʻo i ka wā heʻe.
• He nalu nā papa, a he'ōmaʻomaʻo e like me ko lākou mau makahiki, a aia ma kahi alahele i lalo mai ke poʻomaʻu i ke kiko.
• ʻO ka māhele'āina he mau'āina'Elepa ia a me nā pae'āina'Elepa o Rusia.
• Kahi e loaʻa ai: ma nā'āpana ulu nahele, nā māla. Hoʻouluʻia ka Mycelium i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻomaka ana ka hua ulu mai ka makahiki lua oʻAukake a hiki i nā lā muaʻo Nowemapa. Aia ka mycelium ma keʻano o ke anawaena nui "'āpena'āhiu".

He meaʻono i ka mushroom, makemake i ka papahana. Hiki ke kūpono no nā meaʻai a pau loa, e like me nā pickles a marinades. I loko o ka'ōpena pulp o kēiaʻano, he lāʻauʻokoʻa maoli (Klitocybin A a me B), e'ānai ana i ka maʻi o ke kīpoko.

ʻAi wale nō nā'ōhū i nā meaʻono, akā,ʻo kekahi mauʻano maʻi. E aʻo, ma mua o nā halore, shiitake, nā haloha boletus, ka hau, ka puʻu, a me nā haloha birch.

Kūkākūkā paʻakikī

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻopoina iā mākou ma kahi o ka manawa, hiki i nā kāngi ke hōʻiliʻili i nā metala kaumaha a me nā toxins i loko o ke kino hua, aʻaʻohe mea'ē aʻe. ʻO kēia ka mea e hōʻoia ai i ka pāpāʻana ma ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana o nā mea kamaʻilio (nā mea hoʻokele) ma kahi kokoke i nāʻoihanaʻoihanaʻoihana nui a me nā alaloa kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kaʻaiʻana i kēlā mau haʻaliki e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka paʻi nui.

ʻO nāʻanoʻawaʻawa o govorushek - nā kumu o muscarin, he loina nui loa ia. ʻO nā hōʻailona mua o kaʻonaʻana i loko o nā holaʻekolu:

• ka lāʻau, ka luaʻi, ka pakaʻana, ka māmā i ka'ōpū a me ka'ōpū;
• kaomi ke kaomi i ka hana nui a brastcardia;
• ke lūlū i kahi wela maʻamau, hoʻomakaʻia kahi hoʻokuʻu kūponoʻole;
• ke kani nei ke kanaka.

He mea nui! ʻO ka meaʻoi loa o ka Clitocybe genus ka lau i make a me ke kao. He meaʻono maikaʻi kēia me ka mea'alaʻolu, akā, ma hope o kēlāʻano maʻamau, make ke kanaka ma hope o nā lāʻelima me ka liʻiliʻiʻole aʻaʻoleʻole i ka lāʻauʻawaʻawa - ua kūponoʻole kona mau puʻupaʻa.

ʻO Whitish

ʻO ka maʻamauʻo Clishcybe candicans,ʻo iaʻo Whitish, he meaʻona loa. ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• He liʻiliʻi ka pāpale, ka laulā - mai ka 1 a 4 knm, ke kūlou a iʻole ke kaulike, aia ka muscarin. Aia ke kikowaena o ka pāpale i keʻokeʻo, kokoke i nāʻaoʻao e lilo i hina hina. Aia ma nā pāpale'ōpiopio he māmā (waxy) pāpale, kahi i halaʻole ma nā hala iʻoi aku. Hoʻokani maikaʻi ka'ōpala i loko o ka hewa, aia kekahiʻano likeʻole i kaʻala me nā lau'ōmaʻomaʻo o ka'ōmato i paʻiʻia i ka lima.
• ʻO ka wāwae heʻeleʻele,'ōwili, me kahiʻiliʻoluʻolu aʻulaʻula paha, kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe he 2-4 cm. He'ōniʻomaʻo keʻano, a kokoke i ka honua heʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele.
• He mūkini kukui nā papa, e iho ana i lalo mai ke poʻo i ka wāwae.
• ʻO ka mahele o ka'āpana'āinaʻo'Aulopaʻo ia o ka'āina,ʻAmelika a me Latina.
• Kahi kahi e loaʻa ai: ka lau o ka makahiki i hala a me ka uluna pilikino, i loko o nā coniferous a me nā mea ulu lāʻau, i nā wahi ākea. Hoʻomaka ka uluʻana i ke kau waena o ke kauwela a hiki i ka makahikiʻekolu o Sepatemaba.

Pale keʻokeʻo (hina)

Ma ka'ōlelo pale aʻeleʻele paha,ʻo ka inoa Latinʻo Clitocybe metachroa, he mea make loa. ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka hōʻailona ma ka laulā mai ka 3 a 5 knm, i ka pae mua, me ka pokapū kikowaena, nāʻaoʻao i hukiʻia; ma hope aku - hoʻoponoponoʻia, me ka puʻuwai kaumaha a me ka knoll ma waenakonu. He lahilahi ka helehelena a he waimaka, i ka ua e lilo i mea paʻa. ʻO kahi'ōpena'ōpiopio he kīpale hina hina me ka uhiʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo ma waenakonu, a lilo i wai ka liʻiliʻi ma hope aku a hoʻololi i kaʻeleʻele i kahiʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele-polish, i ka wāʻole e ua,'ālohilohi, a lilo i keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Me ka hoʻololiʻana o kaʻoni, ke waiho mau ka waena i ka pōʻeleʻele ma mua o ka laulā kumu. ʻO ka pāpale pulp heʻeleʻele, he waiʻole, he meaʻole. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e like me kaʻulaʻula-hina.
• Ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi mai 3 a 6 cm, ka lahilahi - 30-50 mm. Hoʻopalapala, aiʻole eʻokiʻana i lalo,'ōlohelohe, i ka grayish mua me ka uhiʻana i ke kukui, ma hope aku liloʻo ia iʻeleʻele grayish-brownish.
• He hakahaka nā papa, pinepineʻia, e pili ana i ka pāpale a ke iho haʻahaʻa i lalo i ke kapuahi,ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo i kaʻula.
• ʻO ka māhele'āina,ʻoʻEulopa ia, nā paepae o ka Caucasus, nā mauna o ka hikina.
• Kahi e loaʻa ai: i ka'ōniu, pine, nā kanu kanu i hoʻonohonohoʻia i nā hui. Hoʻomaka ka uluʻana maʻAukake a hiki i ka hau.
• He aha ka mea e hiki ke pilikia me: e like me ka lawaiʻa e'ōlelo ana, a he'alaʻula maikaʻi. ʻO ke kāpena'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōpiopio e like me ke kao hilo (Clitocybe brumalis).

He mea nui! Ma keʻano iki iki o ka meaʻawaʻawa momona, e kāhea wikiwiki aku i kahi pilikia.

ʻO ka'ōlena kala

ʻO ka pēpē'ōmaʻomaʻu'ōmaʻomaʻo, inoa inoaʻepekema Clitocybe gilva, he meaʻona make, a he mau inoa'ē aʻe kona; he lawai wai, he lalani gula.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale heʻeleʻele, akā, he lahilahi, ma ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me ke kumukuai nani o ka anise, e like me kaʻikeʻole iʻikeʻia, uaʻawaʻawa loa konaʻono. ʻO ke anawaena o ka pāpale he 3 a 9 knm,ʻo keʻano i ka manawa mua me kahi puʻu a me ka piko o nāʻaoʻao, ma hope - hoʻokomo ponoʻia i loko, me nā'āpana wiliwī liʻiliʻi, maikaʻi kaʻili. Ke waiho nei nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi o ka ua - ma kahi o ka ua - heʻano hiʻona kēia no kēiaʻano. I ka ua a me ka puaʻa, lilo ka popo i wai, me kaʻole o ka nani. Hoʻohuiʻia i nā kaniʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, i ka wāʻelemakule e mae a maeʻole i ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi eʻikeʻia ai nā kikola ulaʻula. ʻO nā pūpū me nā mea kū i ke koko me he mea lā.
• ʻO ka wāwae he 50-100 mm ka mānoanoa, mai 3 a 5 cm ka lōʻihi, pālahalaha aiʻole ka liʻiliʻi, e liʻiliʻi i ka lepo, a ua uhiʻia i ka mycelium keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka lepo, me kaʻole o nā kī. ʻO keʻano o nā'alena a pau o ka melemele,ʻo keʻano hoʻokahi me nā papa a iʻole keʻano o ke aka.
• He palupalu nā papa, iʻikeʻia, e iho ana i lalo i ka wāwae, i kekahi manawa kaumaha. ʻO ka'ōlena o nā papa o kahi'ōpū'ōpiopio he'ōmaʻomaʻa'ōmaʻomaʻo, e loli ana i ke keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele me ka makahiki.
• Wahi'āpana - nā Pākehā, ka Hikina hikina.
• Kahi e hana ai: i loko o nā ululāʻau'āhiu a me nā ulu lāʻau ulu, ua huaʻo ia i nā kauwela a pau a hiki i ka hopena oʻOkakopa. Aia ka piko i waenakonu oʻAukake. Kūkulu ia i nā hui.
• He aha ka mea e hiki ke pilikia me: keʻano likeʻole me ka mea hoʻohālike i ka hoʻokele i ka hoʻokele, ke hoʻohālikelike i kahi o ka paler paʻi ma nā wahi a pau. Ma muli o nā meaʻawaʻawaʻelua, he hikiʻole ke hōʻiliʻili iā lākou a heʻuʻukuʻole ko lākou mauʻokoʻa no nā mea'umela mushroom. Eia kekahi, heʻano likeʻole ka'ōlena-kōmalena me ka lalaniʻulaʻula (Lepista inversa).

ʻIkeʻoleʻia, ua kapaʻia e nā loio o nā haole e like me keʻano mushroom i loko o muscarin.

Hoʻopiliʻia

Hoʻokumuʻo Govorushka, ma ka Latin Clitocybe phyllophila. He meaʻawaʻawa loa ka haʻiki, kahi i loaʻa ai ka nui o ka momona muscarin. He mau inoa'ē aʻe kekahi:ʻo ka leaf-loving a me ka greyish govorushka.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale he 6 a 8 cm ka laulā, me kahiʻoluʻolu maʻemaʻe, i penaʻia i nā leo keʻokeʻo, ua pili nāʻaoʻao a huli aʻe.
• ʻO ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe mai ka 3 a 4 knm, keʻano lahilahi, a me keʻano o ke kalalike,ʻo ka laula me ke kala o ka pāpale. Ma ke kuhi o ka pilina ma waena o nā wāwae a me ka lepo, aia kahi mānoanoa eʻike ponoʻia ai ka maka keʻokeʻo o ka mycelium.
• ʻO ka māhele'āina o nā'āina Eurasian.
• Kahi e hana ai: he mau'enekau, heʻanuʻu, he ulu kanu paha, e ulu ana i kaʻalani a me kahi piluna. E ulu ana ma ka hāʻuleʻana a hiki i ke kau mua.

He mea nui! I Rusia, aia kekahi manaʻo e hikiʻole i nā hauhi hoʻokipa pihaʻia, hoʻohanaʻia "ma lalo o hoʻokahi haneri karamu"ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻino i ka mea eʻai ana. ʻAʻole kēia ma ka hihia: he nui loa nāʻano o ka govorushek iʻaeʻole i ka waiʻona; i kēia manawa,ʻo ka lawelaweʻana i nā'ōpū maʻamau hiki ke hōʻehaʻia i ke kino.

ʻO Grooved

Hoʻokaniʻia ke alelo,ʻo ka inoa ma ka'ōlelo Latina e like me Clitocybe vibecina.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale he liʻiliʻi, maʻemaʻe, ākea - a hiki i ka 5 mau kenimika. ʻO ka mua, ma hope aku e lilo i mea maʻalahi a palahalaha. Lawe ia i kahiʻano maʻi leukemia liʻiliʻi me kahi maloʻo ma ke kikowaena. ʻO ka lauʻeleʻele heʻeleʻele a he keʻokeʻo paha, e mae ana ma muli o kaʻelemakule o ka hakina. 'Aheʻe kaʻiʻo, keʻokeʻo i ka hewa (i ka ua - grayish). He leʻaleʻa maikaʻi a me ka honiʻala. I loko o ka wela, ka pale skukozhivaetsya a lilo i ke oneʻeleʻele, i ka ua, ua lilo nāʻaoʻao o ke kapa iʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e like me ka pauma'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• ʻO ka wāwae-kaulike a pololei paha, ma keʻano o ka huele a iʻole, i loko o nā pūwaha kahiko i pohō. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo he keʻokeʻo (me ka'ōwili palaoa), hina ma lalo, i uhiʻia me ka mycelium ma ka huina me ka lepo. I ka liloʻana o ka wela iʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele.
• He kūiki nā papa, pinepine, e iho ana i ke kuhi, e like paha ko lākou lōʻihi ma kahi mushroom. ʻO ke kala he'ōmaʻomaʻoʻeleʻele a hina hina-hina paha.
• ʻO ka māhele'āina he mau'āinaʻEulopa ia.
• Kahi kahi e ulu ai: ulu ia ma keʻano o ka hui mai 5 a 10 mau halo i nā wahi e ulu ai nā pua, he mea maʻamau. Makemakeʻo ia i nā piluna o ka moa a me ka pala. Nā hua mai Nowemapa a Ianuali. Makemakeʻia ka mea i holoponoʻia,ʻilihune i loko o ka lepo lepo.
• He aha ka mea e hiki ke pilikia me: e like me kahi mea hānaiʻoluʻolu (Clitocybe ditopa), heʻokoʻaʻo ia i ka uhiʻia o ka lua o ka pole me ka uhiʻana aʻaʻohe kūpikipiki, a he pōkole hoʻi ka wāwae. Eia kekahi,ʻo iaʻo kevorvorushka (Clitocybe metachroa), kahi e makemake ai e ulu i nā kanu ulu aʻaʻohe ona momona, e like me keʻano o ke kuamo.

Kāleʻa

ʻO ka inoa o ka lau kahi inoaʻepekema Clitocybe phylophila.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• Шляпка диаметром от 4 до 10 см, изначально сферическая, имеющая по центру высокий бугор, краешки подогнутые. Впоследствии принимает слабо вдавленную форму (поверхность бугорчатая), с опущенным вниз, тонким и изогнутым краем. Окраска белёсая или серо-коричневая, со светлым налётом, в дождь становится водянистой, с отчётливо выделяющимися мокрыми бурыми пятнышками. Созревший споровый порошок приобретает охряно-кремовый цвет. Мякоть в разломе водянистая белая, но мясистая, пряно пахнущая.
• Ножка длиной от 4 до 8 см, шириной 50-100 мм. Hiki i keʻano keʻano likeʻole: ke kūmole, hoʻopiliʻia i lalo, me ka hoʻouluʻana i ka'ōpū a iʻole eʻokiʻana i lalo. ʻO ka'ōpū he fibrous, ma kahi o ke kūkāʻana me ka lepo, e ulu ana me ka mycelium keʻokeʻo, e lilo i kala loa i kona mau makahiki. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ka wā mua, a laila, lilo ka'ōuliuli'ōmaʻomaʻo a'ōʻeleʻele paha me ka hoʻololi i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo.
• He ākea ka papa, hikiʻole ke hoʻonohonoho, e iho ana mai ke poʻo i ka'ūwae, ke keʻokeʻo - mai ke keʻokeʻo i kaʻaila.
• ʻO ka māhele'āina ka'āinaʻoʻEulopa.
• Kahi e hana ai: ma ka birch, ka lāʻau spruce a me ka ulu lāʻau pine, makemakeʻo ia e ulu ma ka papa lau. Hoʻonui ia i nā'ōpuni, nā lālani, nā hui. ʻAʻole ia i pinepine pinepine, e hoʻomaka ana ka huaʻai i ka mahinaʻo Kepakemapa a hoʻopauʻia me nā hauʻoli o Nowemaba.
• He aha ka mea e hiki ke pilikia me: keʻano like me govorushka waxish (Clitocybe cerrussata), ke kīʻaha, i ka wā i haehaeʻia ai, kahi mea maikaʻiʻole, a me govorushka Belovatoy (Clitocybe dealbata), ka liʻiliʻi a nui i ka uluʻana.

Hoʻohuliʻia

I ka nānāʻana i lalo, kapaʻia ka inoa Latin e like me Clitocybe inversa. ʻO kēia'ōhūʻawa kahi inoa kahi govorushkaʻeleʻele-ula, i loko o ka pulp o ka haʻiki e loaʻa nā mea like me ka muscarine.

Keʻike neiʻoe? Hoʻohālikeʻia nā truffles i nā pūmakai iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa ma ka honua, uaʻimiʻia lākou me ke kōkua o nā holoholona i hoʻonaʻauaoʻia ('īlio a puaʻa paha). ʻO ka manawa o ka hopuʻana i ka pō nui, aia ia i kēia manawa eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nāʻala hulina i ke ala o kaʻaila. Hoʻopili kēia mau pūlaʻi nani ma lalo.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pahu me ke anawaena o 4 a 10 knm, ma kahi mīkini liʻiliʻi - he kikola, hoʻopili kokeʻia a lawe i keʻano o kahi pūnana nui, aʻo kona mauʻaoʻao e kulou. ʻO ka'ōpala he'ōhū,ʻeleʻele aʻulaʻula paha,ʻo ka lelo o ka pōhakuʻulaʻula, me nā wahi pōuliuli iʻikeʻia. Hoʻohālikeʻia nā mea hoʻopiliʻia e like me ka paukū. ʻO kaʻiʻo i loko o ka hewa he pale pale,ʻeleʻele,'ākala keʻala.
• 'Ohāhā 4 a 6ʻelima ka lōʻihi, a hiki i ka 100 mm ka laulā,ʻohe a me ka fibrous,ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka pāpale.
• Hoʻonohonohoʻia nā papa, maikaʻi, a iho i lalo i ka wāwae. Nā'ōhihi'ōpiopio - ka'ōmole, e like me ko lākou mau makahiki, e lawe i ka'ahuʻula.
• Wahi'āpana - ka Pākehā, ka Hikina hikina, ka Caucasus.
• Kahi kahi e loaʻa ai: ma nā ululāʻau a me nā ulu lāʻau pine, he liʻiliʻi iki kaʻikeʻiaʻana o kēiaʻano i loko o nā kanu ulu. Hoʻomakaʻia ka hoʻomakaʻana oʻAmelika a hiki i ka hopena oʻOkakopa. Kuhi pinepine ia, e ulu ana i nā kanu ulu (i nā lālani, "nā'ōpiopio magic").

Pākī nuiʻia

ʻO ka meaʻepekema maikaʻi loa,ʻo Clitocybe ditopa e pili ana i nā mea leʻaleʻaʻawaʻawa.

ʻIke a me ka weheweheʻana

• ʻO ka pāpale i luna o 6 cm ka laulā, ma nā'āhiʻi'ōpiopio, me nā'āpili o ke poʻo, a ma hope aku e pālahalaha aiʻole e hoʻopiliʻia i kahiʻaoʻao e hele ai a nānā i keʻano o ke kīʻaha. Hiki keʻokoʻa ka laulā mai ka beige i kaʻulaʻula, aia kahi'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo aʻulaʻula (waxy) ma ka pāpale,ʻo ka huina o ka pāpale he lahilahi aʻeleʻele. Me ka pauʻole o ka wai, e hoʻololi ke kala o kaʻala pume i ka lauoho hina. Hoʻopiliʻia nā'āpanaʻeleʻele. ʻO kaʻiʻo he keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele, me ka meaʻala maikaʻi maikaʻi, me kaʻawaʻole.
• ʻO ka hopena 5-6 cm ka lōʻihi, me ke anawaena o 100 mm, keʻano - hoʻohālike a pali pālahalaha paha, a loli ka manawa. ʻO nā'ōwae o nā wāwae a me nā piko e like like ia, ma lalo - mycelium pubescence.
• He ākea ka papa, i hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia, he mauʻano lōʻihi. Hoʻohui - ke aka o ka hina.
• ʻO ka mahele o ka'āpana'āinaʻo Europa ia o ka Russian Federation a me nā'āina'ē aʻe oʻEulopa.
• Kahi e hanaʻia ai: nā coniferous-deciduous forests. Nā hua i ka hoʻoilo (Kekemapa a me Ianuali).

ʻO nā'ōpuniʻo Govorushka (ryadovki) keʻano o nāʻano maʻamau maʻamau i ka'āina Pākīpika, e hui pū ana i nāʻano likeʻole. Ua like like lāua me kekahi i kekahi, a he manawa paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i nā hiʻohiʻona inā he lāʻauʻawaʻawa paha ka mea loaʻa. Pono e hoʻomanaʻoʻia nā mea'ōlelo a pau, i penaʻia i nā kapa keʻokeʻo, no nā lālani make. ʻO nāʻano likeʻole a pau - nā kīla ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi, no lailaʻaʻole ponoʻoe e noʻonoʻo a hōʻiliʻili no kaʻaiʻana i nā kinakia, i ka mea hikiʻole iāʻoe ke hilinaʻi piha.

Hōʻike