ʻO Monarda kahi mea kanu pua lāʻau mai ka ʻohana Iasnatkovye. ʻO ʻAmelika ʻAmelika kona ʻāina hānau, akā no kekahi mau haneli ua ulu maikaʻi ka monarda i loko o nā māla o Eurasia. Hiki i kēia mau pua ke hoʻonani i ka helehelena i kahi kūlana kūlohelohe. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻohana o ka oregano, ʻo monarda ka mea hoʻohana i ka ʻainiha a i ʻole he ʻano mea ʻala ma loko o ka waiū. Nui nā hua a me ka aila melemona, no laila ua kapa ʻia ka monarda ma ka pua "bergamot", "India nettle", "lemon mint" a i ʻole "bora momona". ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi o ka monarda he mea hakakā i ka mālama ʻana, hana ia i nā mea punahele no nā māla ʻokiʻoki.
ʻO ka wehewehe lāʻau
ʻO Monarda kahi makahiki pākēneka. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻalohilo e nā lehelehe palupalu, nā pihi tetrahedral he 60-90 cm kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua lāʻau i ka lanceolate serrated a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻu o ka ʻala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia nā lau ma nā pahu petiole e kū pono ana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pepa he 6-15 cm, me ka laulā o 3-8 cm. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o nā lau.
I Iune-Kepakemapa, ua hoʻonani ʻia nā poʻo o nā pihi me nā inflorescences-basket. ʻO ke anawaena o kēlā me kēia 6-7 cm.ʻO nā pua i hoʻolalaha ʻia me nā pupuʻu lōʻihi a me nā ʻōlulu palupalu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā whorls. Hiki ke kala i nā penals me nā lilac, poni, ʻulaʻula a poni paha.
ʻO nā pua, nā lau a me nā aʻa o ka mea kanu i mea ʻala maikaʻi, i loaʻa nā ʻano o nā ʻoni o ka lemona, ka tart bergamot a me ka mint. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo, ua ʻā nā hua - nā lau maloʻo, ka mea e ʻoki, ʻaki i loko o 2 mau lau. Hiki ke ulu i nā hua i loko o 3 mau makahiki ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili.
ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano like o monarda
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Monarda e 22 mau ʻano lāʻau. ʻO nā mea nui:
Monard pālua. Ulu ka makahiki Herbaceous i kahi 70-150 cm i ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua lōʻihi kona aʻa, wīwī i nā aʻa, ma luna o kahi e kū ai, e piʻi aʻe ana nā hua pubescent. Hoʻohana nani ʻia nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻulaʻulaʻula. Kuhi ʻia nā lau kūleʻa oval o ka iʻa ma hope, a ua uhi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao i lalo i kahi pou sparse. I Iune, ʻo ka limu kūloko o ka lilac o ka pua melakou a i ʻole nā pua manuahi i ka pihi o nā wana. ʻO kā lākou anana he 3-4 cm. Aia kēlā me kēia ma kahi o nā pua tubular 30 lōʻihi. No kona ʻono ulu, kapa ʻia kēia ʻano "ʻoluʻolu i ke koena", "lemela melemele gula" a i ʻole ka "bee bergamot".
Monarda duodenum (tubular). E ulu ana ka pūnaalelo olakino me kahi ʻōpiopio momona a hiki ke 110 cm ka lōʻihi a mai ka Iulai a Kepakemapa, ua hoʻonani ʻia nā poʻo i nā inflorescences capitate a hiki i 5 cm ka lōʻihi. Hōʻuluʻokeʻo nā petals a burgundy wale nō. Mau ka pua i kahi mea ʻala ʻono ʻono. He lāʻau maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka hua manu melemele a hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka spicy.
Monarda lemon. Uhiʻi ʻia nā ʻōpū 15-80 cm kiʻekiʻe me nā ʻōleʻeleʻelele lanceolate foliage. ʻO nā kaila capitate liʻiliʻi o kahi lilac hue i loaʻa ka momona citrus. Hoʻopau ia i ke kauwela.
Hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ʻo Monarda. Ma lalo o kēia inoa, e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai nā kumumana he nui o nā interspecific e pili ana i ka monad a me ka bifida. Nā ʻano:
- Scarlett - piʻo wili a ʻoi ke kiʻekiʻe o 90 mau kiʻekiʻe ma ka hopena o Iulai-ʻAukake me nā waihona waiū capitate ʻulaʻula, a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻoniʻula hue (ka lōʻihi a 7 cm);
- ʻO Mahogany he lāʻau pālahalaha pālepa me nā palahalula ʻulaʻula uliuli, ʻo kā lākou mau kelekalike i kuʻikuʻi ʻia a pua pua i ke kauwela;
- ʻO Elsiz lavender - wīwī a hiki i ka 1 m ke kiʻekiʻe i hoʻonani ʻia me nā inflorescences lavender nani;
- Pākuʻi - ʻo nā kū mānoʻo a hiki i ke 40 cm kiʻekiʻe ke kau ʻia me nā pōpoki lōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula;
- ʻO Schneewittchen - kahi mea kanu a hiki i ka 1.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokuʻu i nā pua pua-keʻokeʻo spherical;
- ʻO Lambada - kahi lūlū lihi a hiki i 90 cm kiʻekiʻe ke uhi ʻia i nā pua pink a lilac paha me ka lemona lemon.
Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu
Hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo Monarda e nā hua a me nā ʻano lāʻau. I kekahi manawa wale nō, ulu ke mea kanu i nā hua he nui. Hiki iā lākou ke lulu i nā hua kanu a i ʻole ma ka pā ākea. Ma kēia ala, ʻōhulu ʻia nā ʻano manuahi, no ka mea ʻaʻole ke hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻano ʻano varietal. I ka hema o ka'āina, lulu nā huaʻai i ka hopena o Pepeluali i kahi ākea. Ma mua o ke kuapo ʻana, he manawa lākou e hele ai i ka stratification, a i ʻApelila hoʻi e kū mua ana nā wana mua. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, lawe ʻia ka hoʻoilo a kanu ʻia i nā hua a hohonu he 2,5 cm. Māmā loa kēia mau ala ʻelua. I ka Mei, pono wale ʻoe e ʻokiʻoki i nā mea kanu a hoʻoili ʻia i nā mea kanu i ʻoi aku nā kūlike o ka pua pua. E ulu mau nā hua ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki.
I mea e loaʻa ai nā lāʻau ikaika, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā mea kanu. I ka mahina o Ianuali, ua lūlū ʻia nā hua i loko o nā pahu me kahi kāwili o ka ʻāina māla me ka peat. Kulu hohonu 20-25 mm. Hoʻopiliʻia ka pahu i ka foil a waiho ʻia i kahi wahi hoʻonā ʻia me kahi mahana o + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Ma hope o 2-3 mau pule, kū mai nā wana mua. Ma hope o kēlā, neʻe ʻia ka wahi pale. Ke ulu ka mea kanu i ka lau 2 maʻa mau, ua ʻūhū ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a mau pahu paha me ka mamao o 3-4 cm.
E hoʻomohala i ka varietal monarda, e hoʻohana i nā ʻano o ke kālai a hoʻokaʻawale i ka lāʻau. Ua kūpono kēia mea no Perennials 3-4 mau makahiki no kēia kaʻina hana. I ka lua o ka lua o ka pūnāwai, ua ʻeli ʻia kahi ulu lāʻau, maloʻo nā aʻa i ka wai a hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai kahi coma earthen. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi pahi kiki, ua ʻokiʻoki i ka rhizome i mau ʻāpana. Kahi o nā ʻāpana i kāwī ʻia me ka arenoa hina. Kanu koke ʻia ʻo Delenki i loko o nā lua, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka wai ʻohi.
ʻO ka'ōpala puaʻa a hiki i kaʻokiʻoki i nā ʻokiʻoki. Pono lākou e loaʻa i nā pale 2-4. Ua ʻoki loa nā lau lalo, a ua hōʻoki ʻia nā papa o luna ma ka 1/3. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻoki i loko o nā pahu me ka pā maloʻo. Uhiʻi nā mea kanu i kahi pāpale ipo a hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o kahi lumi me ka mahana o ke lumi a me ke kukui ambient. Ma hope o 2-3 mau pule, e ʻokiʻoki nā ʻōpala i nā aʻa. A hiki i ʻAukake, ua ulu ʻia lākou i loko o nā pahu, a laila hoʻohua i loko o ka ʻāina ākea. Inā lawe ʻia ka pīhoihoi ulu ma ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻaʻohe manawa e nā mea kanu e ulu ikaika ai no ka hoʻoilo, no laila e ulu pono ana lākou i nā ipu a hiki i ka puna wai hou.
ʻO ka kanu waho a me ka mālama
Ma ka māla no ka monarda, hāmama, koho ʻia nā wahi lōkō. Malia paha hiki iā ia ke ulu maʻamau a ma kahi pālahalaha ʻāpana. Pono pono e pale aku i nā pale. Pono ka māla kanu a pono e hoʻomoʻi maikaʻi. ʻO nā puna lime ka makemake. I ka wā lohi, ʻeli ʻia ka moe o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka lau a me ka palaoa, hoʻohui ʻia a i hoʻomohala ʻia, superphospate a lime lau i ka ʻāina. I ka wā kanu, ua hoʻolōʻihi nā mea kanu i nā maniua nitrogen.
Kanu ʻia nā hua kanu Monarda ma ka ʻāina ākea i ka hopena o ʻApelila I kahi o nā pōkole o nā pōkole, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomāukiuki, no ka mea e hiki ke kū i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka -5 ° C. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau e 60 cm a ʻoi aku paha. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, i kēlā me kēia makahiki 3-4, ua mahele ʻia ka lāʻau monard. Ua ulu nui loa, lilo i mauʻu a nalowale ia i ka hopena hoʻāno.
ʻO ka mālama koʻikoʻi no ka monarda ka kanu mau ʻana, ka lau ʻana a me ka lole ʻaihue luna. ʻO ke kauwela, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻelua i ka hebedoma, a me ka wela nui i kēlā me kēia lā. He pono wale ʻole ia e hāʻule ka wai ma luna o ka ulu wai wai a loaʻa ka manawa e komo hohonu i ka lepo. No laila, ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia ka honua e nā ʻōpala ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ua hoʻomāulu ʻia me ka peat a he sawdust paha.
Kēwili nā mea kanu i nā nāhelehele, no laila ʻo ka hana pinepine ʻana i ke kīpī i ke kī i ka ulu ʻana o kahi kumulāʻau līwī. Hāʻawi kēia kaʻina hana i ka komo ʻana o ka ea i nā aʻa.
Mai ka kanu ʻana iā ia iho a hiki i ka hāʻule, hoʻoulu ʻia ka monard i ʻelua manawa i ka mahina. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā komplikole mineral no nā mea kanu pua. I kekahi mau manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ka ʻaihue luna e mālama ʻia me kahi mea hoʻohuihua hui ("Mullein").
E kūleʻa ana ʻo Monarda i ka hau a hiki i -25 ° C, no laila ʻaʻole pono nā mea e maluhia ai. No ka hoʻoilo, ʻōlelo ʻia nā kumu lāʻau maloʻo ʻaʻole e mae ʻia. E kaili lākou i ka hau a pale i ka rhizome mai ka manu ʻole. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau, i uhi ʻia i ka lāʻau me nā mea i kā ʻole ʻia. I ka pūnāwai e hua i ka hua o nā hua maloʻo.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Monarda i kahi palaʻai pala. ʻO ka pinepine, ulu ka maʻi me ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. E hakakā ana ka poʻe māla me ka fungicides a i ʻole nā hoʻoponopono kanaka: ua lawa ia e ninini 120 ml waiū ma 1 lita o ka wai a pīʻī i nā ʻoki me kahi hopena. Hoʻolaha ʻia kahi kaʻina hana like ʻaʻole me ke ʻano he ʻano mālama, akā no ka pale ʻana nō hoʻi. Eia nō kekahi, ʻeha paha ka loiloi mai ka mosaic a me ka ʻala. I kēia hihia, ʻoki ʻia nā hana i hoʻopilikia ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia.
Hoʻopau nā lau ʻala a me nā pua i kā lākou iho i nā mea ʻino, no laila, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e pale i ka monard mai nā pōpilikia. Ke kanu ʻia paha ia ma kahi o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe he manu kūlohelohe maoli.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka monarda
Ma ka hoʻolālā honua, hoʻohana ʻia ka monarda i loko o kahi māla pua i ʻano o kahi ʻano kūlohelohe, a me ka hui pū ma ke ʻano hui, mixborders, a me nā uku. ʻO nā hoa no nā mea kanu i ka māla hiki ke lilo i phlox, coneflower, lilac, delphinium, chamomile a me aster.
Mahalo i kona ʻono, hoʻoliu ʻoluʻolu, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka monarda i ka kuke ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia i ka mālama i ka ʻai, iʻa marinade, salads spring, ʻili. Hoʻohana ʻia ka aila ʻaila Monardic e mālama i ka ʻili, hoʻihoʻi i nā momona o ka momona, ke hoʻoulu hou ʻia, a me ka leo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻaihue me ka aila a me ka decoction mai nā lau no ka atherosclerosis, pāpaʻi otitis, sinusitis, nā maʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā pilikia o ka hoʻowalewale ʻana.
ʻO kahi decoction o nā pākēkē a me nā kumu lāʻau e kōkua ana i nā mea hoʻolako hale e wehe i nā ʻalū uliuli ma nā paia o nā hale. He lawa lawa nā pīpī me ka mākaukau paʻa ʻana a hoʻohui ʻia paha i loko o ka whitewash a nalowale loa ka peʻa no ka lōʻihi.
