He lāʻau kanu palaka ʻo Alfalfa me ka ulu ulu wehe. No nā ʻohana legume. Loaʻa nā ʻano he nui he nui o ka honua, akā ʻo nā kikowaena nui ka Central Asia, ka Mediterranean a me ʻAmelika Hema. Laha nui ʻia ka mea kanu me ka mahiʻai, no ka mea, he manure māla maikaʻi, meli wai, lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka mea kanu hua. Kahi mau ʻano maikaʻi o ke alfalfa i ʻike ʻia a hiki aku i ka 6-7 millennia i hala. Hoʻohui i nā hiʻohiʻona pono, loaʻa nā alfalfa i nā waiwai kūlohelohe a hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻonani i ka māla ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka wehewehe lāʻau
Hōʻike ʻia ka huaʻai alfalfa e nā mea kanu a makahiki. Kūleʻa nā lālā palona ma lalo o ke kumu a i ʻole a kokoke i nā kihi, no laila e hana pinepine lākou i kahi ulu lāʻau he 0.5-1.5 m kiʻekiʻe. Ua kū ka hohonu kahi koʻokoʻo (rhim 10 m) i ka lepo a uhi ʻia e nā lālā hope. ʻAi kēia i ka alfalfa e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea momona a me nā mea kanu i hiki ʻole i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano i nā pihi aʻa pua. E like me ka hapanui o ka legumes, nodules me ka nitrogen-fixing bacteria i ke kumu o ke alfalfa. Hāʻawi kēia i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka nitrogen mai ka lewa a me ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana o ka ʻāina me nā mea kanu.
Ulu ka lau o ka pahuole ma ka lōʻihi o ka wana. Ua hoʻonohonoho lākou i 3 a loaʻa kona ʻano a he poepoe paha a oblong paha. Hoʻokumu kēlā me kēia limu ma kahi petiole hoʻokaʻawale. Ma ka kikowaena waena, kahi elongated. Aia nā kuhina ma ke kihi o ka pālaki, a he pupu pōkole loa ke ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao i hope.
Cylindrical a capitate inflorescences o kahi cylindrical ʻano pua mai nā axils o nā lau a i ka piko o luna o ka lālā. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi ka 1,5-8 cm He loaʻa kēlā me kēia me 12-26 mau pua. ʻO Corollas i ke ʻano o kahi moku holo moana a i ʻole ka haki i ka 5 petals. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ma lalo a ʻo nā stamens a me nā pōpoki ma loko. Noho ka pua pua i nā kuikahi pōkole. ʻO nā pua lalo nā mea mua e pua ai. ʻO ka kala o nā petals ke kāʻei ʻia i nā kukui uliuli, poni a ʻulaʻula paha. Loaʻa nā ʻano me nā pua like ʻole. Hoʻomaka ka wā kanu ma hope o 1.5-2 mau mahina ma hope o ka lūlū a hiki ke hoʻopau i nā hebedoma 3-4. Hoʻopau kēlā me kēia kuʻi a hiki i ka 10 lā. I kēlā me kēia lā, 3-5 ʻāʻī hou hou i loko.
Hoʻokomo wale ka pollination me ke kōkua o nā pepeke. Ma hope o ia mau mea, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā hua i ke ʻano o nā pīni me ka brown or brown a peel. ʻO lākou no ka liple ole ka laupaʻa ʻana o ka hū. Ma loko, liʻiliʻi nā hua liʻiliʻi, nā hua kanu. ʻO ka ʻōpala mānoanoa, palupalu o ka pelu ʻulaʻula a he ʻulaʻula paha.
ʻOkoʻa ʻo Alfalfa
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Alfalfa ma mua o nā mea kanu he 100 o nā mea kanu. Ma ka hapalua o lākou e hiki ke loaʻa ma Rusia.
Alfalfalele (ʻeleʻele). ʻO kahi mea kanu me kahi ulia rhizome a me nā hua lahilahi e like me ka nui o ka pua nui 40-80 cm kiʻekiʻe.ʻO nā pana i kāʻili a i uhi ʻia me ka puʻu sparse. ʻO nā lau peti ternate o nā mana oval-lanceolate a he lanceolate ke ulu ma luna o lākou. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pale, he 0.5-2.2 cm, a ʻo ka laulā ʻo 2-6 mm. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā kōpana kupapaʻu i nā alfalfa i Iune-Iulai. I loko o lākou, ma nā wāwae wāwae pōkole, a hiki i ka 7-40 mau pua i loaʻa. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka moku he 1-1.2 cm Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana, nā ʻiʻi a i ʻole nā lunar paleka, i uhi ʻia me ka paila ferruginous, he pākeke. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi ka 8-12 mm wale nō.
Alfalfa hop-like. Hoʻoulu a mauʻu ʻōpiopio a keu mauʻu me ka hua liʻiliʻi o ke aʻa i ulu a lahilahi, kūmaha nā kumu he 10-50 cm.ʻO nā lau petiolate liʻiliʻi o kahi ʻano rhombic e ulu i 7-15 mm ka lōʻihi a 3-10 mm i ka laulā. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi waihona kalai a me kahi kiʻi liʻiliʻi ma ke poʻo. Ma ke kua aia he mau lālani ʻōwili. Kili ʻia nā liʻiliʻi pua (a hiki i 2 mm) ka melemele melemele i nā poʻo o ka ovo. ʻO nā huaʻai i loko o ke ʻano o kahi hua he hoʻokahi a hiki i ka 2 mm ka lōʻihi e like me nā pua liʻiliʻi. Ua uhi pū ʻia lākou me nā pou, e hāʻule ana ka wā o ka wā.
Ke kanu alfalfa (ʻulaʻula). Hiki i nā lālā o ka'āpana lahilahi kūloko hou i ka piko. Ke ulu nei lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 80 cm.ʻO kahi mea kanu mānoʻo ka rhizome mānoanoa. Hoʻoulu a ʻōlehu paha nā lau a 1-2 cm lōʻihi, 3-10 mm ākea. I ka wā o nā peduncles axuncary e hōʻiliʻili i nā lau mānoanoa capitate 2-3 cm ka lōʻihi o ka pua i loko o lākou i poni ʻia i ka lole kukui a i ʻole ʻulaʻula. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi o 5-6 mm. Kāwili ʻia e like me nā snails, hiki i nā pīni ke laulā o 6 mm.
ʻAʻohe Alfalfa ʻokoʻa (hibrid). Kūkulu kahi mea kanu ma ke ʻano o nā mea kanu i ulu i 70-120 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. Uhiʻi ʻia nā wana liʻiliʻi me nā lau liʻiliʻi ma nā petioles elongated. ʻO lākou a oval a iʻa paha me ka puʻu sparse ma ka lalo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā capitric capitate cialate i nā axils o nā lau ma luna o nā peduncles lōʻihi. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka palaki lūlū he 3-5 cm.ʻO nā petals ua loli a i paʻi ʻia i ke uliuli, poni a ʻulaʻula paha. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pua nui i loko o kahi kiko. Ua uhi ʻia lākou me kahi mālamalama ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula.
Ke ulu nei
Ua ulu ʻo Alfalfa mai nā hua. E lulu koke nō lākou i ka māke ākea i ka lā mua, i nā lā mua e lulu. Hoʻopili mua i ka pūnaewele, e hoʻoneʻe i ka mau lau a hoʻohui i ka lime. Hoʻopili hou ka ʻāina maloʻo. Ma mua o ka lūlū ʻia, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu a mālama ʻia me nā huahana biolo. E hoʻomau ka hope ma ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi o ka maʻi bako a me ka maʻi. Kulu nā hua i nā lālani a hohonu i ka 5-15 mm. Hoʻoikaika ʻia, ʻoi ʻia ʻo ia e kāwili ʻia iā lākou me ke one a i ʻole ka wahie, ka mea i ʻoi aku ka lole.
Kūkulu kekahi mau māla i ka lulu ʻana o ka alfalfa me nā hua ʻai cereal ʻē aʻe, akā ma kēia hihia, e pilikia paha ka mea kanu me ka nele o ke kukui. E maloʻo ka ulu ʻana, a e emi ana ka nui o nā hua. Loaʻa ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana i ka wā e lūlū ʻia i nā lālani pōkole me kahi mamao a hiki i 45 cm.I kēia hihia, e lilo ai ka hana o nā pollinators.
No ka lūlū i nā kīhāpai nui, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hua puaa kūikawā. Ma kahi papa liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopuehu i nā hua maʻamau, akā no ke kumu e hehi ai ka ʻaoʻao me ka plywood. He mea nui ia e nānā i ka lepo o ka lepo a pale iā ia mai ke maloʻo ʻana.
Hale Hoʻomanaʻo Alfalfa
Makemake ʻo Lucerne ma nā wahi ākea a mālamalama. Ma kahi uhi, ulu hou i nā hele lohi a hana i kahi pana i lalo. Pono ka lepo no ka kanu ʻana i ka momona a me ka lulu ʻia o ka wai momona, me kahi ʻano kūʻai ʻole a ʻili iki paha. He kūpono loa nā loina. Ma ka paʻakai, ka ʻūhā, a i ka ʻāina lepo ʻāina paha me ka wai hohonu, ulu nui nā alfalfa. ʻAʻole kūpono kēlā mau kūlana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huakini nodule.
ʻOiai hiki iā alfalfa ke hoʻomanawanui i ka maloʻo pōkole pōkole, ulu ia i ka maikaʻi me ka hoʻōla maʻamau o ka lepo. Hoʻohana ʻia ka maloʻo ʻana o ka papa i luna o ka honua. Me ka momona nui, hikiwīwīwīwīwī ae hoʻomohala koke. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike hohonu loa i ka kanu ʻana i ka makahiki mua o ke ola lāʻau.
ʻO Alfalfa kahi huaʻai thermophilic. Kūleʻa maikaʻi loa ia i ke mahana o + 22 ... + 30 ° C, akā hiki i ka maʻalahi ke hoʻouna i ka wela i ka + 37 ... + 42 ° C. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano hoʻoilo i kūleʻa i ka piʻu i lalo a -25 ... -30 ° C.
Pono nā mea kanu ʻōpio i ka pale mai ka mauʻu, no laila ua mau pinepine ka nui a me ka pala.
Kūʻai pinepine ʻo Alfalfa e ʻohi i ka hānai. ʻO ka manawa mua kēia e hana ʻia i ke kahua pua, a i ka wā ulu. ʻAe maʻalahiʻo ia i ke kaʻina hana a mākaukau e hauʻoli hou me nā pua ma hope o 1-1,5 mahina. No ka pale ʻana i ka pohō nui a me ka noho ʻana, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā aʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻai kūikawā a me nā mea pana i ka mokulele.
I nā hihia pinepine, pili ʻia ka alfalfa i nā maʻi maʻi. E pale aku iā lākou, hoʻohana ʻia ka wai o Bordeaux. ʻO nā mea hoʻonāukiuki weliweli loa i komo pū ʻia nā alfalfa weevil, alfalfa bedbug a me parsnip. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou me ke kōkua o insecticides ("Benzophosphate", "Fastak").
Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi
Hoʻohana ʻia ka manure alfalfa ʻōpiopio ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi, a me ka hana ma ka mahiʻai. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻano momona maikaʻi, no ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō makahiki, hāʻawi nā mea kanu i ka 8 mowing a ulu ulu a hoʻonui i ka 120 t / ha o nā mea ulu. I kēia hihia, hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka lepo me nā pūhui nitrogen. I ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻopau koke ka biomass i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole wale ka ʻano, akā, ʻo ke ʻano o ka lepo. Hoʻemi kēia i ka acidity.
Pāmu momona
Loaʻa iā Alfalfa ka nui o ka protein, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā waikawa amino, ka phosphorus a me ka pāima. Hoʻohana kēia iā ia i mea kūpono no nā holoholona (puaʻa, kāwili, moa. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ma waena o ke kumumanaʻo o ka mea kanu momona a me nā kiko o nā mea kanu. Inā loaʻa ka waiwai nui loa o ka ponoʻai i ka wā kanu, a laila ʻoi ka nui o nā huaʻai a me nā pua alfalfa.
E hoʻolōʻihi i nā mea kanu i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 8-10 cm A laila e wikiwiki wikiwiki ka hana hou ʻana i ka uhi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻekolu mowings i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻohana hou ʻia nā mea kiko hua e like me ke kūloko kapa ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a maloʻo hoʻi ma ka heka, ʻo ka fodder briquettes, granules a mauʻu (mauʻu) ka mākaukau.
Hoʻomaopopo i nā waiwai
He nui nā pono waiwai ʻo Alfalfa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka mea kanu me nā minamina a me nā waiū, a me nā protein, nā acid amino, isoflavonoids a me phytohormones. No nā kumu lāʻau, hoʻohana ka ʻāpana ʻāina o ka mea kanu, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ka wā wā a me ka pua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā keʻena a waiho ʻia i nā ʻeke lole. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā decocats a me nā infusions mai lākou. Kūkulu ʻia ka wai mai nā alfalfa hou a me nā hua kanu i like me ka hoʻohui mea bioactive.
Hoʻohana ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau huahana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol, hoʻokaʻawale i ke keʻa ʻana, e hoʻoneʻe i nā kahe keu mai ke kino. Lawe ʻia ʻo Alfalfa e hakakā i nā maʻi e like me:
- diabetes mellitus;
- rheumatism;
- kohola
- hepatitis;
- ʻopa;
- ʻloʻi;
- maʻi wā maʻi;
- colpitis;
- maʻi maʻi ʻōnaehana endocrine
Manaʻo nā poʻe he nui ʻo Lucerne i mea hoʻōla maoli, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i kona olakino a hōʻino loa i nā maʻi weliweli. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia no nā wahine e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā pae o ka hormonal, hoʻonui i ka lactation, a me nā fibroids uterine.
Eia naʻe, i kekahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa he mea nui ia e ʻike i ke ana a e akahele. ʻO kēia mea kanu hoʻi he contraindications. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e mālama ʻia e ka poʻe i ʻike i nā maʻi pālolo. ʻAʻohe mea e hoʻohana pono ai i ka alfalfa i nā poʻe e hōʻeha nei i ka lupus erythematosus a me ka hōʻeuʻeu koko. ʻAʻole contraindicated ʻo Alfalfa no ka wahine hāpai a me ka lactating, akā pono e ʻōlelo ʻoe i kāu kauka ma mua o ka lawe ʻana.
